The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 20 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Background The efficacy of probiotics in alleviating the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) appears to be both strain‐ and dose‐related. Aim To investigate the effect of LAB4, a multistrain probiotic preparation on symptoms of IBS. This probiotic preparation has not previously been assessed in IBS. Methods Fifty‐two participants with IBS, as defined by the Rome II criteria, participated in this double blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study. Participants were randomized to receive either a probiotic preparation comprising two strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL60 (NCIMB 30157) and CUL21 (NCIMB 30156), Bifidobacterium lactis CUL34 (NCIMB 30172) and Bifidobacterium bifidum CUL20 (NCIMB 30153) at a total of 2.5 × 10 10 cfu/capsule or a placebo for 8 weeks. Participants reported their IBS symptoms using a questionnaire fortnightly during the intervention and at 2 weeks post‐intervention. Results A significantly greater improvement in the Symptom Severity Score of IBS and in scores for quality of life, days with pain and satisfaction with bowel habit was observed over the 8‐week intervention period in the volunteers receiving the probiotic preparation than in the placebo group. Conclusion LAB4 multistrain probiotic supplement may benefit subjects with IBS.
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Claims the paper makes
14 Not checked yet · 12 Own result · 10 Own method · 4 Own interpretation · 1 Partly supported · 1 No basis given · accuracy not yet measured
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A significantly greater improvement in the Symptom Severity Score of IBS and in scores for quality of life, days with pain and satisfaction with bowel habit was observed over the 8-week intervention period in the volunteers receiving the probiotic preparation than in the placebo group.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“Significant improvements in quality of life (Figure 3a) were recorded for those receiving the probiotic at the end of the intervention period (P = 0.0068; difference between groups: )13.58; 95% CI: )23.38 to )3.78 at week 8)”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > Abstract
plaindirectn = 2 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A significantly greater improvement in the Symptom Severity Score of IBS and in scores for quality of life, days with pain and satisfaction with bowel habit was observed over the 8-week intervention period in the volunteers receiving the probiotic preparation than in the placebo group.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Significant differences in the Symptom Severity Score were recorded between the probiotic and placebo groups correlating with improved quality of life and bowel habit together with fewer numbers of days with pain for the probiotic group.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > Abstract
plaindirectn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Figure 3 shows that greater improvements were recorded for all symptoms for the probiotic group than for the placebo group throughout the study.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The severity of abdominal pain reduced significantly in both groups from week 4 onwards (probiotic: P < 0.0001, LS mean )19.05, 95% CI: )27.41 to )10.70; placebo: P = 0.0185, LS mean )10.88, 95% CI: )19.93 to )1.84).”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No differences in abdominal pain or bloating were discernible between the two groups.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Significant improvements from baseline for Symptom Severity Score were seen throughout the intervention period in both active and placebo groups from weeks 2 to 10 (Table 2).”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A significantly greater improvement in the Symptom Severity Score of IBS and in scores for quality of life, days with pain and satisfaction with bowel habit was observed over the 8-week intervention period in the volunteers receiving the probiotic preparation than in the placebo group.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The number of days with pain (Figure 3d) recorded was significantly lower in the probiotic group at week 10 than in the placebo group (P = 0.0448; difference between groups: )10.97; 95% CI: )21.69 to )0.26).”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > Abstract
plaindirectn = 2 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A significantly greater improvement in the Symptom Severity Score of IBS and in scores for quality of life, days with pain and satisfaction with bowel habit was observed over the 8-week intervention period in the volunteers receiving the probiotic preparation than in the placebo group.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“this was associated with significantly improved satisfaction with bowel habit (Figure 3c) for the probiotic subjects over the placebo group at 6 weeks (P = 0.0422; difference between groups: )11.05; 95% CI: )21.70 to )0.39).”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“LAB4 multistrain probiotic supplement may benefit subjects with IBS.”
- Also stated in: § CLIN IC AL TRIAL: A MULTI STRAIN PROBIO TIC R EDUCES SYMPTO MS OF IRRITABLE B OWEL SYNDROME 101 · hedged
“In conclusion, this study shows the potential benefit of the LAB4 multistrain probiotic supplement at a daily dosage of 2.5 • 10 10 cfu in the management of IBS.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > Abstract
hedgedconditionaln = 2 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § CLIN IC AL TRIAL: A MULTI STRAIN PROBIO TIC R EDUCES SYMPTO MS OF IRRITABLE B OWEL SYNDROME 101 · hedged
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In conclusion, this study shows the potential benefit of the LAB4 multistrain probiotic supplement at a daily dosage of 2.5 • 10 10 cfu in the management of IBS.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > CLIN IC AL TRIAL: A MULTI STRAIN PROBIO TIC R EDUCES SYMPTO MS OF IRRITABLE B OWEL SYNDROME 101
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
- Probably not a substantial claim. 14
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Kassinen et al. 8 have shown that both the lactobacillus and the bifidobacterial components of the microbiota of IBS sufferers were present in lower numbers than in the controls suggesting a value for intervention strategies comprising both organisms.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [8] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Statistical Analyses of Sequence Libraries report far fewer Lactobacillus sequences in the IBS libraries than in controls. But Table 6 (p. 29) shows Bifidobacterium sequences were lower in IBS-M and IBS-D, not IBS-C, which had more than controls. The Discussion mentions probiotic interventions generally, but does not propose an intervention comprising both organisms. (LLM, conf=0.88)
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall P-value for the ANOVA analysis evaluating all time points was 0.0008.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The use of the probiotic was well tolerated and free from significant adverse effects.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“More detailed analysis of these symptoms showed that significant improvements from the baseline were reported in quality of life and satisfaction with bowel habit in both groups throughout the study.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall placebo effect for the Symptom Severity Score in this study was 33% ranging from 23% to 45% for the individual symptoms.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Abdominal pain ⁄ bloating symptoms did not show significant improvements from the baseline in the probiotic group until week 4 (P = 0.0002; LS mean )16.10; 95% CI: )24.64 to )7.56) of intervention and that in the placebo group, significant improvements in these symptoms were only recorded at week 6 (P = 0.0218; LS mean )11.04; 95% CI: )20.46 to )1.62) and week 8 (P = 0.0028; LS mean )14.74; 95% CI”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This was a double-blind placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of a multistrain probiotic preparation in the treatment of IBS.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > Study design
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The two groups of subjects were similar in terms of age, gender, type of bowel habit and symptoms.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The sample size was calculated based on a 15% reduction in severity of symptoms.It was calculated that 50 subjects (25 in each group of the study) were needed to detect a difference between the two groups with a power of 80% at the 5% level of statistical significance.The sample size was increased to 56 subjects to allow for just over 10% drop out rate.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > Sample size and randomization
plainn = 56- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Subjects receiving the probiotic preparation had a higher IBS severity score at baseline than the subjects receiving placebo (mean Æ s.d.283 Æ 61 vs. 252 Æ 60 respectively).”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Compliance was assessed by counting the number of capsules remaining at the end of the intervention and checked against self-reported capsule diaries.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > Probiotic intervention
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the fifty-six volunteers recruited, four subjects in the placebo arm withdrew from the study (one due to ill health, two for deviation from protocol and one for unknown reasons) (Figure 1).Fifty-two subjects participated in the intervention comprising 28 subjects in the treatment group and 24 subjects in the control group (Table 1).Four subjects (two in each treatment arm) failed to return all”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > Compliance
plainn = 4- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The overall placebo response rate observed in this study (33%) is comparable with that seen in many other IBS studies.Patel et al. 14 concluded that placebo effects in IBS clinical trials measuring global outcome were highly variable ranging from 16 to 71%, whereas Dorn et al. 15 found a placebo response rate of 42.6% in complementary and alternative medicine IBS trials.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fifty-six subjects were recruited to the study and randomized (stratified by age and gender) to receive probiotic treatment (n = 28) and placebo treatment (n = 28).”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > Sample size and randomization
plainn = 56- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Dorn et al. 15 found a placebo response rate of 42.6% in complementary and alternative medicine IBS trials.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the results of Whorwell et al. 24 indicated that there may be a dose responsiveness to the administration of B. infantis”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > CLIN IC AL TRIAL: A MULTI STRAIN PROBIO TIC R EDUCES SYMPTO MS OF IRRITABLE B OWEL SYNDROME 101
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [24] source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Several factors are thought to contribute towards the placebo effect including Pavlovian conditioning and the expectation of a positive outcome.16”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this trial all, volunteers had been informed that the purpose of the study was to investigate the possible benefits of a probiotic preparation, although they knew that they may be receiving a placebo.Owing to the nature of the intervention the volunteers may have been anticipating an improvement in their IBS symptoms which is likely to have contributed towards the placebo effect.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > DISCUSSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The consortium and dose used in this study had previously proved effective in both prevention of Clostridium difficile in vivo 8,9 and the modulation of the composition of the intestinal re-growth population following antibiotic therapy.10,11”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It has been proposed that IBS may result from a dysfunctional interaction between the indigenous flora and the intestinal mucosa leading to immune activation in the colonic mucosa. 2”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2] source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Most of the products provided daily doses in the range of 5-9 • 10 9 cfu and, in most cases, reductions in symptom severity score were observed [17][18][19][20][21] and some, but not all, of the products significantly reduced abdominal pain symptoms.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The probiotic and the placebo preparations were prepared as identically packaged, cellulose capsules by Cultech Ltd, Port Talbot, UK.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > Probiotic intervention
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All volunteers reported a previous diagnosis of IBS by their general practitioner (GP), but GP records were not checked.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > Participants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Patel et al. 14 concluded that placebo effects in IBS clinical trials measuring global outcome were highly variable ranging from 16 to 71%”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Quigley and Flourie 7 reviewed the use and efficacy of probiotics in IBS and suggested a clear rationale for probiotic usage in response to a dysfunctional relationship between the indigenous microbiota and the host.”
§ Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The authors state this as an assumption.
Missing questionnaire data are missing at random in the ANOVA model analysis.
“imputedbut are assumed to be missing at random in the ANOVA model analysis.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The LAB4 probiotic preparation had not previously been assessed in IBS.
“This probiotic preparation has not previously been assessed in IBS.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The efficacy of probiotics in IBS is strain- and dose-related.
“The efficacy of probiotics in alleviating the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) appears to be both strain-and dose-related.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Two studies reported no difference between specific probiotic treatments and placebo,28–37 and one study reported a significant worsening of diarrhoea with the specific probiotic treatment compared with placebo.59”
From Systematic review: probiotics in the management of lower gastrointestinal symptoms in clinical practice - an evidence-based international guide (2013) · cites this paper as [34]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Two studies evaluated overall IBS symptoms as a secondary end point only, and both reported a significant beneficial effect of the specific probiotic treatments33–39”
From Systematic review: probiotics in the management of lower gastrointestinal symptoms in clinical practice - an evidence-based international guide (2013) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“all three studies that examined flatus as a primary end point,30,57 and four of seven studies in which flatus was a secondary end point only,28–38 showed no significant difference between seven specific probiotic treatments and control.”
From Systematic review: probiotics in the management of lower gastrointestinal symptoms in clinical practice - an evidence-based international guide (2013) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“Twelve studies evaluated abdominal pain as a secondary end point only. Results from these studies were mixed: one reported a negative effect of the specific probiotic treatment,59 eight (examining six different probiotics) reported no significant effect28–38 and three reported a significant beneficial effect of three different probiotics35,39”
From Systematic review: probiotics in the management of lower gastrointestinal symptoms in clinical practice - an evidence-based international guide (2013) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“In clinical trials, a multistrain high dose probiotic (LAB4—containing Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL60 and CUL21, Bifidobacterium lactis CUL34 and Bifidobacterium bifidum CUL20), resulted in significant improvements in irritable bowel syndrome responses [24] and prevented an increase in antibiotic resistant enterococci [25].”
In the citing paper
“Clinical trials, however, have demonstrated that the inclusion of the Lactobacillus strains CUL-60 and CUL-21 modulated the facultative anaerobes (Enterobacteriaceae, Enteroccus/Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species) during antibiotic therapy [24,55].”
In the citing paper
“Specific probiotics help reduce bloating/distension in some patients with IBS Moderate [147,149-150,155-156,168-170, 174-177,179-183]”
From Gut microbiota role in irritable bowel syndrome: New therapeutic strategies (2016) · cites this paper as [169]
In the citing paper
“Specific probiotics help relieve overall symptom burden in some patients with IBS High [147,149,150,152,156-157,169, 174,176-178]”
From Gut microbiota role in irritable bowel syndrome: New therapeutic strategies (2016) · cites this paper as [169]
In the citing paper
“With specific probiotics, improvement of symptoms has been shown to lead to improvement in some aspects of health-related quality of life Moderate [147,150,152,155,169-170,174,176-177,179-180,183-184,186]”
From Gut microbiota role in irritable bowel syndrome: New therapeutic strategies (2016) · cites this paper as [169]
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Metadata
- Authors
- WILLIAMS, E. A., STIMPSON, J., WANG, D., PLUMMER, S., GARAIOVA, I., BARKER, M. E., & CORFE, B. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Altran (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Corresponding author
- WILLIAMS, E. A.
- Venue
- Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-12-16
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 97-103
- ISSN
- 0269-2813 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2036
- OpenAlex
- W2147884617
- Semantic Scholar
- 8e9a6fa5a64371a4607c3eca56493cd8daa9c5d9
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 6.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- irritable bowel syndrome, probiotics, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, IBS symptom severity, quality of life, abdominal pain, bowel habits, Rome II criteria
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Bifidobacterium, Defecation, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Male, Middle Aged, Placebos, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Probiotics, Irritable Bowel Syndrome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-05, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-05 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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