Cited by 1,073Aquaculture disease management and microbiotaAquaculture Nutrition and GrowthGut microbiota and health

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Role of gastrointestinal microbiota in fish

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Nayak, Sukanta K·2010·Aquaculture Research

DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02546.x

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Abstract

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of an animal consists of a very complex and dynamic microbial ecosystem that is very important from a nutritional, physiological and pathological point of view. A wide range of microbes derived from the surrounding aquatic environment, soil/sediment and feed are found to colonize in the GI tract of fish. Among the microbial groups, bacteria (aerobic, facultative anaerobic and obligate aneraobic forms) are the principal colonizers in the GI tract of fish, and in some fish, yeasts are also reported. The common bacterial colonizers in the GI tract of freshwater and marine fish include Vibrio, Aeromonas, Flavobacterium, Plesiomonas, Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Micrococcus, Acinetobacter, Clostridium, Fusarium and Bacteroides, which may vary from species to species as well as environmental conditions. Besides, several unknown bacteria belonging to Mycoplasma, Arthrobacter, Brochothrix, Jeotgailbacillus, Ochrobactrum, Psychrobacter and Sejongia species in the GI tract of different fish species have now been identified successfully using culture-independent techniques. Gnotobiotic and conventional studies indicate the involvement of GI microbiota in fish nutrition, epithelial development, immunity as well as disease outbreak. This review also highlights the need for manipulating the gut microbiota with useful beneficial microbes through probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic concepts for better fish health management.

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Effect of multi‐species probiotic administration in Colossoma macropomum juvenile rearing: supplementation and bioremediation
da Costa, L. P., Lima, J. S., Siqueira, A. M. D. A., da Silva, E. C. C., Lima, V., da Silva, L. A., da Silva, S. R., dos Santos, T. F., Fugimura, M. M. S., Vaz, L., et al. (2021) · Aquaculture Nutrition · doi:10.1111/anu.13309 · Cited by 10
Effects of feed transition on digestive tract digestive enzyme, morphology and intestinal community in cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis)
Jiang, M., Xiao, W., Ye, J., Xu, L., Peng, R., Han, Q., Lü, Z., Shi, H., & Jiang, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.941488 · Cited by 9
“Animals possess indigenous intestinal microbiota and stable digestive enzymes play an important role in food digestion, nutrient absorption, and the health of the host (Nayak, 2010; Ray et al., 2012).”
Background
Different Types of Non-Starch Polysaccharides Alter the Growth, Intestinal Flora and Serum Metabolite Profile of Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella
Liu, Y., Fu, X., Zhou, H., Fan, J., Huang, H., Deng, J., & Tan, B. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12101003 · Cited by 9
Differential Study of Microbiota in the Gill and Intestine of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from the Algae-Dominated and Hydrophyte-Dominated Areas of Taihu Lake, China
Zhou, D., Zhang, T., Ren, L., Fang, D., & Xu, D. (2022) · Fishes · doi:10.3390/fishes7060304 · Cited by 9
Characterisation and mobilisation of IncA/C plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance in Edwardsiella ictaluri
Islam, S., Riman, M. M., Mannan, S., Lawrence, M. L., & Abdelhamed, H. (2023) · Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance · doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2023.03.005 · Cited by 9
“The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the overall health of animal hosts, contributing to nutrient extraction, immunity, epithelium development, and defence against pathogens [36].”
Opportunistic feeding habits of two African freshwater clupeid fishes: DNA metabarcoding unravels spatial differences in diet and microbiome, and identifies new prey taxa
Huyghe, C. E. T., Aerts, D., Heindler, F. M., Kmentová, N., Cirhuza, D. M., Hellemans, B., Manda, A. C., Vanhove, M. P. M., N'sibula, T. M., VOLCKAERT, F. A. M., et al. (2023) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-023-05267-7 · Cited by 9
“The microbiome is also affected by biotic and abiotic ecological factors, such as season (Nayak, 2010) and habitat (Sullam et al.”
Background
Gut microbiota changes in Hexagrammos otakii during development and association with diets based on metagenomics sequencing
Fan, Y., Wang, Y., Li, L., Wang, X., Yu, X., Xu, L., Wang, S., Hu, F., Gai, C., Diao, J., et al. (2023) · Aquaculture Reports · doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2023.101881 · Cited by 9
Effects of Different Farming Modes on Salmo trutta fario Growth and Intestinal Microbial Community
Wang, Z.-Z., Wang, Z.-T., Wang, W.-L., Lei, K., & Zhou, J. (2024) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms12061082 · Cited by 9
“…Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi, aligning with previous results indicating that the dominant gut microbe group in Nayak fish comprises bacteria [25] and with Roeselers G, who identified similar core microbial communities in zebrafish (Daniorerio) gut microbiota under diverse environmental…”
Result
Environmental biofilm communities associated with early‐stage common dentex (Dentex dentex) culture
Turgay, E., Steinum, T. M., Colquhoun, D., & Karataş, S. (2019) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/jam.14205 · Cited by 9
“While most studies have focused on either the cultivable (Planas and Cunha 1999; Olafsen 2001; Nayak 2010) or total (via targeted 16S rRNA gene metagenetics) microbiota of culture water, live feed and fish (Bakke et al. 2015; Califano et al. 2017), only a few have included biofilm studies (Rud et…”
Background
Fish are not alone: characterization of the gut and skin microbiomes of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), and Spotted Gar (Lepisosteus oculatus)
Arias, C. R., Ray, L., Cai, W. C., & Willmon, E. (2019) · SDRP Journal of Aquaculture Fisheries & Fish Science · doi:10.25177/jaffs.2.2.ra.459 · Cited by 9
“Therefore, to truly understand the complex dynamics between fish and their microbiomes, more studies examining the microbial communities in wild fishes are needed since much is still unknown about the composition and structural function of these communities (Clements et al., 2007; Nayak, 2010).”
BackgroundInfluential
Algae and Clay Water Additives Differentially Impact Survival and Microbial Community Structure in Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) Rearing Tanks
Pierce, M. L., Lee, J. S. F., Dodd, E. T., & Poretsky, R. S. (2019) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00203 · Cited by 9
“Many studies on fish microbiota have shown that environmental recruitment was a major route of colonization of fish species (Nayak, 2010; Semova et al., 2012; Wu et al., 2013; Schmidt et al., 2015; Sullam et al., 2015).”
Background
Isolation of Enterococcus faecium with Feeding Attractant Function from Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Intestine
Li, Y., Chunyu, L., Yu, Z., & Ma, Q. (2020) · Journal of Ocean University of China · doi:10.1007/s11802-020-4342-3 · Cited by 9
“It is well known that the gastrointestinal microflora of aquatic animals play an important role in the growth and health of the animals (Nayak, 2010).”
Background
Evaluating the mixture of earthworm meal and wormcast as a protein source for common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) based on growth performance, antioxidant, immune capacity, lipid metabolism and intestinal health
Mi, J., Lu, R., Yan, X., Song, D., Yang, L., Qin, C., Yang, G., Zhang, H., Lin, M., & Nie, G. (2022) · Aquaculture Reports · doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101118 · Cited by 9
Improvement the Hatchery Seed Production Strategy on Embryonic Development and Larval Growth Performance and Development stages of Green Tiger Prawn, Penaeus semisulcatus Using Environmental Aspects
Eissa, E. H., El-Hamed, N. N. B. A., Ahmed, N. H., & Badran, M. F. (2022) · Thalassas An International Journal of Marine Sciences · doi:10.1007/s41208-022-00463-z · Cited by 9
“(Nayak 2010).”
Effects of Pelleted and Extruded Feed on Growth Performance, Intestinal Histology and Microbiota of Juvenile Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)
Wan, J., Xi, Q., Tang, J., Liu, T., Liu, C., Li, H., Gu, X., Shen, M., Zhang, M., Fang, J., et al. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12172252 · Cited by 9
Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomycetes: Saccharomycetaceae) on Astronotus ocellatus as growth promoter and immuno stimulant.
Kafilzadeh, R., Mousavi, M., & Baboli, M. J. (2013) · Aquaculture Aquarium Conservation & Legislation · Cited by 9
Gastrointestinal Microorganisms of Fish and Probiotics
Kiron, V. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119005568.ch14 · Cited by 9
Gut Microbiome Analysis In Adult Tropical Gars ( Atractosteus tropicus )Preprint
Méndez-Pérez, R., García-López, R., Bautista-López, J. S. B.-L., Vázquez-Castellanos, J. F., Peña‐Marín, E. S., Martínez‐García, R., Domínguez-Rodríguez, V. I., Adams, R. H., Baltierra-Trejo, E., Valdes, C. E. M., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/557629 · Cited by 9
“It has been reported that GMB fish has between 107 and 1011 bacteria per gram of feces (Nayak 2010).”
BackgroundInfluential
A Comparative Study on the Muscle and Gut Microbiota of Opsariichthys bidens from Rice Field and Pond Culture Breeding Modes
Zhou, F., Bu, W., Fan, H., Guo, S., Qi, M., Yao, G., Bei, Y., Huang, Y., Zhu, S., Ding, X., et al. (2024) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo14080443 · Cited by 8
“In the present study, the gut microbiota of O. bidens from two aquaculture systems almost aligned with earlier findings [49].”
Result
Comparison of the Intestinal Microbiota Composition and Function of Red Claw Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) Cultured in Ponds and Rice Fields
LiBin, H., Lu, T., Lu, X., Shi, J., Huang, Y., Du, X., Wang, D., Liang, Y., Lei, Y., Wang, L., et al. (2024) · Fishes · doi:10.3390/fishes9090345 · Cited by 8
Effect of low-salinity seawater transient on antioxidant capacity, muscle quality and intestinal microorganism of crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)
Hong, Y., Pan, Y., Zhu, Q., Li, Y., Yang, H., Lin, B., Dong, Z., Lou, Y., & Fu, S. (2024) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2024.105335 · Cited by 8
Microbiological contamination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) reared with tilapia in aquaponic systems and use of bacillus strains as probiotics to prevent diseases: A systematic review
Jossefa, A. A., Viagem, L. D. A., Cerozi, B. D. S., & Chenyambuga, S. W. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0313022 · Cited by 8
Combined Impacts of Acute Heat Stress on the Histology, Antioxidant Activity, Immunity, and Intestinal Microbiota of Wild Female Burbot (Lota Lota) in Winter: New Insights into Heat Sensitivity in Extremely Hardy Fish
Zhai, C., Li, Y., Wang, R., Han, H., Zhang, Y., & Bo, M. (2025) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox14080947 · Cited by 8
“The intestinal microbe community contributes to nutrient supplementation and is involved in the regulation of metabolism and the immune response [13,14].”
Effects of temperature stress on intestinal tissues, immune response, intestinal microbiota, and inflammation in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Tian, M., Zhao, S., Zhu, X., Han, D. C., & Zhang, L. (2025) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743051 · Cited by 8
Changes in the intestinal microbiota of farmed northern sheatfish (Silurus soldatovi) associated with natural bacterial infection
Zan, Z., Mao, Q., Han, Z., & Sun, J. (2023) · Journal of the World Aquaculture Society · doi:10.1111/jwas.13000 · Cited by 8
Bacterial networks in Atlantic salmon with Piscirickettsiosis
Coca, Y., Godoy, M., Pontigo, J. P., Caro, D., Maracaja‐Coutinho, V., Arias‐Carrasco, R., Rodríguez‐Córdova, L., de, M. M., Sáez-Navarrete, C. A., & Burbulis, I. E. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-43345-x · Cited by 8
Fecal Microbiome Analysis Distinguishes Bacterial Taxa Biomarkers Associated with Red Fillet Color in Rainbow Trout
Ahmed, R. O., Ali, A., Leeds, T. D., & Salem, M. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11112704 · Cited by 8
“The intestinal microbial community of ﬁsh has been demonstrated to be relevant in metabolism within the host [8].”
Background
Shark Microbiome Analysis Demonstrates Unique Microbial Communities in Two Distinct Mediterranean Sea Shark Species
Montemagno, F., Romano, C., Bastoni, D., Cordone, A., CASTRO, O. D., Stefanni, S. S., Sperone, E., & Giovannelli, D. (2024) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms12030557 · Cited by 8
“…diversity of gut microbiomes, and the communities are 90% characterized by members of the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes [10,11], varying in response to changing nutrition and across other body surfaces, like skin and gills, which is especially interesting in marine animals…”
Background
Dietary effects of vitamin C on antioxidant capacity, intestinal microbiota and the resistance of pathogenic bacteria in cultured Silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus)
Guo, C., Ding, M., Zhang, S., Wang, Y., Ji, Y., Xu, S., Wang, Y., & Wang, D. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0300643 · Cited by 8
Comparative study of gut content microbiota in freshwater fish with different feeding habits: A case study of an urban lake
Li, Z., Lv, J., Chen, J., Sun, F., Sheng, R., Qin, Y., Rao, L., Lu, T., & Sun, L. (2024) · Journal of Fish Biology · doi:10.1111/jfb.16002 · Cited by 8
Evaluation of immune response and performance of silver catfish fed functional linseed fibres in response to hypoxia stress
Adorian, T. J., Mombach, P. I., Pianesso, D., Loureiro, B. B., Lovatto, N. D. M., Goulart, F. R., Telles, Y. B., Macedo, M., & da Silva, L. P. (2019) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1111/are.14266 · Cited by 8
The effect of the addition of a probiotic mixture of two Bacillus species to a coupled aquaponics system on water quality, growth and digestive enzyme activity of Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus
Kasozi, N., Wilhelmi, B., & Kaiser, H. (2021) · Journal of Applied Aquaculture · doi:10.1080/10454438.2021.1986192 · Cited by 8
Response signatures of intestinal microbiota and gene transcription of the tiger grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus to nervous necrosis virus infection
Yang, Y., Lin, H., Xing, Y., Wen, J., Fang, W. Y., Zhang, J., & Duan, Y. (2021) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737848 · Cited by 8
Composition and potential functions of the dominant microbiota in deep-sea hagfish gut from the South China Sea
Lian, C., Zhu, F.-C., Wei, Z., & He, L. (2021) · Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers · doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2021.103488 · Cited by 8
Antimicrobial Peptides from Fish
Desriac, F., Jégou, C., Brillet, B., Chevalier, P. L., & Fleury, Y. (2013) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b14944-6 · Cited by 8
Gut microbiome composition and diversity of wild-caught and hatchery-bred milkfish (Chanos chanos) fry
Silvederio, G. X. L., Javellana, T. F., Genciana, A. B. N., Fontanilla, M. A. G., Traifalgar, R. F. M., Huervana, F. H., & del Castillo, C. S. (2025) · Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jgeb.2025.100520 · Cited by 7
Analysis of the Alterations in Symbiotic Microbiota and Their Correlation with Intestinal Metabolites in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Under Heat Stress Conditions
Zhou, C. Q., & Ding, F. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15142017 · Cited by 7
“The stomach and intestine are key components of the fish digestive system, and their associated microbial communities play an essential role in maintaining host homeostasis and environmental adaptability [30].”
Intestinal microbiota contributes to the heterogeneity of fat deposition by promoting mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation
Li, L., Zhou, N., Wang, Z., Wang, T., Wang, Y., Qiao, F., Du, Z., & Zhang, M. (2025) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2025.2593076 · Cited by 7
“28 Given the high microbial density and diversity in the gut, microbial biomarkers could contribute to the regulation of host metabolism through interactions with both the host and the gut microbiota.”
Comparison of the gut microbiota composition between asymptomatic and diseased Epinephelus moara ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ with nervous necrosis virus infection
Wang, L., Tian, Y., Li, Z., Li, Z., Chen, S., Li, L., Li, W., Wang, Q., Lin, H., & Li, B. (2021) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1111/are.15607 · Cited by 7
Microbiome of fish
Arun, D., & Midhun, S. J. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90261-8.00011-0 · Cited by 7
Probiotics Based on Lactic Acid Bacteria for Aquaculture
Vasyliuk, O. M., Skrotskyi, S., La, K., & Tv, B. (2023) · Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal · doi:10.15407/microbiolj85.02.075 · Cited by 7
Effects of weaning American glass eels (Anguilla rostrata) with the formula diet on intestinal microbiota and inflammatory cytokines genes expression
Liang, Y., Liu, H., Zhai, S., Huang, L., Huang, W., Huang, B., Xu, J., Xiong, J., & Wang, B. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16965 · Cited by 7
Effect of different rice transplanting patterns on microbial community in water, sediment, and Procambarus clarkii intestine in rice-crayfish system
Huang, J., Li, J., Zhou, W., Cheng, Y., & Li, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1233815 · Cited by 7
“In the PC group, the Procambarus clarkii fed on more aquatic plants than those of the RC and RC-W groups, and Bacteroidetes could ferment the plant-derived substrates in the intestines, enabling the hosts to obtain additional energy (Nayak, 2010; van Rooyen et al., 2011), which could better explain the relative abunda…”
Background
Prometryn exposure disrupts the intestinal health of Eriocheir sinensis: Physiological responses and underlying mechanism
Huang, P., Gao, J., Du, J., Nie, Z., Li, Q., Sun, Y., Xu, G., & Cao, L. (2023) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109820 · Cited by 7
Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larval rearing optimization: utilization of lactic acid bacteria for improving microbiome diversity and digestive enzyme activity
Yanes‐Roca, C., Nováková, E., Leclercq, E., Veselý, L., Galindo, A., Pérez, J. A., Pěnka, T., & Policar, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2024.1363522 · Cited by 7
Host habitats influence the gut microbial assembly mechanisms of cold-water fish
Xu, L., Chen, H., Zhao, L., Liu, X., Xiang, P., Deng, L., & Song, Z. (2024) · Aquaculture Reports · doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102094 · Cited by 8
Impact of water temperature on oxidative stress and intestinal microbiota in pearl-spot chromis, Chromis notata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)
Kim, J. A., Park, Y.-S., Kim, J.-H., & Choi, C. Y. (2024) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111029 · Cited by 7
Correlation between gut microbial diversity and flatulence of silver pomfret ( Pampus argenteus ) during ontogenesis
Zhang, M., Hu, J., Wang, Y., Le, Q., Xu, S., Ying, X., Ying, D., Yang, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., et al. (2020) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1111/are.14650 · Cited by 7
Development and evaluation of a formulation of probiont Phaeobacter inhibens S4 for the management of vibriosis in bivalve hatcheries
Takyi, E., LaPorte, J. P., Sohn, S., Stevick, R. J., Witkop, E. M., Gregg, L. S., Chesler-Poole, A. B., Small, J. M., White, M. M., Giray, C., et al. (2023) · Aquaculture Fish and Fisheries · doi:10.1002/aff2.112 · Cited by 7
Influence of time-dependent sampling on the plasma metabolome and exposome of fish collected from an effluent-dependent pond
Giebułtowicz, J., Grabicová, K., Brooks, B. W., & Grabic, R. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167446 · Cited by 7
Influence of aquatic environment on microbiota of Liopropoma santi fish in a local river in Iraq
Al-Hisnawi, A. A., Mustafa, J. M., Yasser, Y. K., Hussain, K. A., & Jabur, A. M. (2016) · Karbala International Journal of Modern Science · doi:10.1016/j.kijoms.2016.01.001 · Cited by 7
Dietary supplementation of stachyose and Lactobacillus casei improves the immunity and intestinal health of turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus . L)
Dai, J., Yu, G., Ou, W., Ai, Q., Zhang, W., Mai, K., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · Aquaculture Nutrition · doi:10.1111/anu.13401 · Cited by 7
Shifts in gut microbiome across five decades of repeated guppy translocations in Trinidadian streams
Evans, S. E., Zandonà, E., Amaral, J. R., & Fitzpatrick, S. W. (2022) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.1955 · Cited by 6
“Bacteria may colonize vertically from mother to offspring [7] and horizontally through contact with the environment and food [6].”
Background
Shark Provisioning Influences the Gut Microbiota of the Black-Tip Reef Shark in French Polynesia
Esposito, A., Sasal, P., Clua, É., Meglécz, E., & Clérissi, C. (2022) · Fishes · doi:10.3390/fishes7060312 · Cited by 7
Tessaracoccus aquimaris sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of a Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, from a marine aquaculture pond
Tak, E. J., Kim, H. S., Lee, J., Kang, W., Hyun, D., Kim, P. S., Shin, N., & Bae, J. (2018) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY · doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.002626 · Cited by 7
Medicinal Plant Survey: ‘Good for Humans, Good for Fishes!’
Steinberg, C. E. W. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-70938-8_2 · Cited by 6
Comparative analysis of the intestinal flora of Siniperca chuatsi at different growth stages under three feeding practices
Yan, Y., Wang, F., Chen, X., Dong, J., Gao, F., Zhang, H., Ye, X., Wu, C., & Sun, C. (2024) · Aquaculture Reports · doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102582 · Cited by 6
Effects of Cholesterol Supplementation in High Soybean Meal Diet on Growth, Lipid Metabolism, and Intestinal Health of Juvenile Rice Field Eel Monopterus albus
Xie, K., Liu, X., Shi, Y., Cai, M., Dai, J., Zhang, J., & Hu, Y. (2025) · Aquaculture Nutrition · doi:10.1155/anu/2233612 · Cited by 6
“The biological barrier of ﬁ sh is composed of complex and interrelated microbial communities, and the main microbial composition groups include aerobic bacteria, facultative anaerobic bacteria, and strict anaerobic bacteria [47].”

Authors: Nayak, S. K.
Affiliations: Nihon University (JP)
Corresponding author: Nayak, Sukanta K
ORCID: Nayak, Sukanta K
Venue: Aquaculture Research
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Published: 2010-06-16
Volume: 41
Issue: 11
Pages: 1553-1573
ISSN: 1355-557X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02546.x
OpenAlex: W1912394394
Cited by: 1,073
References: 240
Citations by year: 2026: 74 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 109 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 82 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 9.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 1903 d)
Locations: Aquaculture Research (publishedVersion)
Funders: Nihon University
Directorate for Biological Sciences
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Keywords: gut microbiota, fish gut bacteria, fish nutrition, fish immunity, fish disease, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, gut microbiota modulation, fish health management, culture-independent identification

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