Increased measures of anxiety and weight gain in mice lacking the group III metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR8
Abstract
To study the role of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 (mGluR8), mice lacking this receptor were generated by homologous recombination. Homozygous mGluR8-deficient mice are about 8% heavier than their wild-type age-matched controls after reaching 4 weeks of age. This weight difference is not caused by an altered food intake and is not exacerbated by feeding the animals a high-fat diet. Moreover, mGluR8-/- mice are mildly insulin resistant, possibly as a result of being overweight. Behavioral testing revealed a reduced locomotor activity of mGluR8-/- mice compared with wild-type mice during the first 3 days in a novel enclosed environment. However after 3 days, the locomotor activities of wild-type and mGluR8-/- mice were similar, suggesting a reduced exploratory behavior of mGluR8-/- mice in a novel enclosed environment. By contrast, there were no genotype differences in locomotor activity in the open field, plus maze, or in total time spent exploring objects during object recognition tests, indicating that there is a dissociation between effects of mGluR8 deficiency in exploratory activity in a novel safe enclosed environment vs. a more anxiogenic novel open environment. The absence of mGluR8 also leads to increased measures of anxiety in the open field and elevated plus maze. Whether the diverse phenotypic differences observed in mGluR8-/- mice result from the misregulation of a unique neural pathway, possibly in the thalamus or hypothalamus, or whether they are the consequence of multiple developmental and functional alterations in synaptic transmission, remains to be determined.
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Mice lacking the Group III receptor subunit GRM8 display increased age- and sex-dependent anxiety-like behaviors and startle response.
“Mice lacking the Group III receptor subunit GRM8 (mGluR8) display increased age-and sex-dependent anxiety-like behaviors and startle response (Duvoisin et al., 2005(Duvoisin et al., , 2010)).”
From Glutamate receptors in domestication and modern human evolution (2020) · cites this paper as Duvoisin et al., 2005
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The possible involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors in schizophrenia
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“The absence of mGluR8 also leads to increased measures of anxiety in the open field and elevated plus maze (Duvoisin et al., 2005).”
BackgroundMetabotropic Glutamate Receptors: Their Therapeutic Potential in Anxiety
Spooren, W. P. J. M., Lesage, A., Lavreysen, H., Gasparini, F., & Steckler, T. (2010) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2010_36 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Dobi, A., Sartori, S. B., Busti, D., van der Putten, H., Singewald, N., Shigemoto, R., & Ferraguti, F. (2012) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.05.025 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Differential roles of mGlu7 and mGlu8 in amygdala-dependent behavior and physiology
Fendt, M., Imobersteg, S., Peterlik, D., Chaperon, F., Mattes, C., Wittmann, C., Olpe, H.-R., Mosbacher, J., Vranesic, I., van der Putten, H., et al. (2013) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.052 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“, 2001), and mGlu8-deficient mice (Duvoisin et al., 2005) were used for this study.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRen, W., Palazzo, E., Maione, S., & Neugebauer, V. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.08.006 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“In models of fear and anxiety opposing roles of mGluR7 (enhancing) and mGluR8 (inhibiting) were also described (Masugi et al., 1999;Linden et al., 2002;Cryan et al., 2003;Mitsukawa et al., 2005;Duvoisin et al., 2005;Schmid and Fendt, 2006;Mitsukawa et al., 2006).”
BackgroundOpposing roles of mGluR8 in measures of anxiety involving non-social and social challenges
Duvoisin, R. M., Villasana, L., Davis, M. J., Winder, D. G., & Raber, J. (2011) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.02.049 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“It is possible that the genotype difference in the acoustic startle response observed at 6 and 12 months of age [8,9] is age-dependent and not therefore not seen at 24 months of age.”
Distribution of group‐III metabotropic glutamate receptors in the retina
Quraishi, S., Gayet, J., Morgans, C. W., & Duvoisin, R. M. (2007) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21274 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Generation and characterization of the mGluR4 / and mGluR8 / deletion mutants have been described (Pekhletski et al., 1996; Duvoisin et al., 2005, respectively). mGluR4 / mice were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME) and mated with mGluR8 / mice to produce homozygous double mGluR4…”
MethodStachowicz, K., Kłodzińska, A., Pałucha-Poniewiera, A., Schann, S., Neuville, P., & Pilc, A. (2009) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.06.005 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Moreover, the mGlu8 receptor knockout mice exhibit an anxiety phenotype (Linden et al., 2002; Duvoisin et al., 2005; Robbins et al., 2007).”
BackgroundTorres, E. R. S., Akinyeke, T., Stagaman, K., Duvoisin, R. M., Meshul, C. K., Sharpton, T. J., & Raber, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00140 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationMetabotropic Glutamate Receptors for New Treatments in Schizophrenia
Herman, E. J., Bubser, M., Conn, P. J., & Jones, C. K. (2012) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25758-2_11 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Regulation of the brain–gut axis by group III metabotropic glutamate receptors
Julio‐Pieper, M., O’Connor, R. M., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2012) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.10.027 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“mGlu8 receptor deficient mice have increased anxiety-like behaviour in the elevated plus maze and the open-field tests (Duvoisin et al., 2005; Linden et al., 2002), although they also show reduced contextual fear (Fendt et al.”
BackgroundThe Modulation of Pain by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors 7 and 8 in the Dorsal Striatum
Boccella, S., Marabese, I., Guida, F., Luongo, L., Maione, S., & Palazzo, E. (2019) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x17666190618121859 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Sex-dependent cognitive phenotype of mice lacking mGluR8
Duvoisin, R. M., Villasana, L., Pfankuch, T., & Raber, J. (2010) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.01.006 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Under regular light conditions and on the C57BL/6J background, we observed increased measures of anxiety in the open field and elevated plus maze at 6 months of age [8].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBahí, A. (2017) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2017.03.004 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Moreover, genetic studies using mGluR8 knockout (KO) mice have shown that ablation of the mGluR8 leads to increased measures of anxiety in the OF and EPM tests (Duvoisin et al., 2005).”
Lee, J., Gonzalez-Hernandez, A. J., Kristt, M., Abreu, N., Roßmann, K., Arefin, A., Marx, D. C., Broichhagen, J., & Levitz, J. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi8076 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Gosnell, H., Silberman, Y., Grueter, B. A., Duvoisin, R. M., Raber, J., & Winder, D. G. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.40 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Male C57Bl/6J mice (Jackson Laboratories), male a2A AR / mice on a C57Bl/6J background, or male mGluR8 / mice backcrossed into a C57Bl/6J background (Duvoisin et al, 2005), aged 5–10 weeks, were anesthetized with isoflurane and killed according to the IACUC-approved procedure.”
BackgroundMethodKlotz, L., Wendler, O., Frischknecht, R., Shigemoto, R., Schulze, H., & Enz, R. (2019) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201901543r · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Seebahn, A., Rose, M., & Enz, R. (2008) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2008.06.010 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Boccella, S., Marabese, I., Iannotta, M., Belardo, C., Neugebauer, V., Mazzitelli, M., Pieretti, G., Maione, S., & Palazzo, E. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20071757 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“The investigation on the role of mGluR8 on cognitive behavior has so far been limited to studies using mGluR8 knockout mice, whose phenotype showed a mild [61] or no deficit [62,63] on memory and learning.”
ResultCryan, J. F., & Dev, K. K. (2008) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s1569-7339(07)00013-6 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Peister, A., Zeitouni, S., Pfankuch, T., Reger, R. L., Prockop, D. J., & Raber, J. (2006) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.03.023 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Therapeutic potential of group III metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands in pain
Acher, F., & Goudet, C. (2014) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2014.11.007 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Mice lacking mGlu7 present increased seizure susceptibility [64] together with an antidepressant and anxiolytic-like phenotype [65] while mGlu8 KO mice exhibit an anxiogenic phenotype [51,66,67].”
BackgroundCarneiro, M., Piorno, V., Rubin, C., Alves, J. M., Ferrand, N., Alves, P. C., & Andersson, L. (2015) · Animal Genetics · doi:10.1111/age.12299 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Raber, J., & Duvoisin, R. M. (2014) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.2014.986264 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Mice deficient in mGlu8, of different genetic backgrounds, showed increased measures of anxiety in the open field and elevated plus maze starting from 6 months of age [9,10] (but see also [32]).”
BackgroundAre compounds acting at metabotropic glutamate receptors the answer to treating depression?
Pałucha-Poniewiera, A. (2006) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.15.12.1545 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“, mGlu7R-knockout mice display anxiolytic activity [81], whereas lack of mGluR8 leads to increased anxiety-like behaviours in mice [82]).”
BackgroundGoddyn, H., Callaerts‐Vegh, Z., & D’Hooge, R. (2015) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyv053 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Female mGlu4, mGlu7, and mGlu8 knockout mice (mGlu4-/-, mGlu7-/-, mGlu8-/-) were generated and backcrossed to C57BL/6J background as described previously (Duvoisin et al., 2005).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBrain distribution of genes related to changes in locomotor activity
Mignogna, P., & Viggiano, D. (2010) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.01.026 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“3 (cacna1d) [34] t1:8 ATPase, Na+/K+transporting, alpha 3 polypeptide (Atp1a3) [35] Dopamine Receptor 4(Drd4) [36] Cell adhesion molecule with homology to L1CAM (Chl1) [37,38] t1:9 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (Camk2a) [39] Engrailed 1 (En1) [40] Muscarinic receptor M2 (Chrm2) [41] t1:10 Cholin…”
BackgroundRaber, J. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.01.046 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Viggiano, A., Cacciola, G., Widmer, D. A. J., & Viggiano, D. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.032 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“grm8 Metabotropic glutamate receptor (Linden et al., 2002; Duvoisin et al., 2005)”
Supraspinal metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 8: a switch to turn off pain
Palazzo, E., de Novellis, V., Rossi, F., & Maione, S. (2014) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-014-1703-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“…in the inner zone in the open field test and a significant reduction in the entries into the open arms in the elevated plus maze test (Linden et al. 2002; Duvoisin et al. 2005, 2010a; Robbins et al. 2007). mGluR8 -/-mice showed also increased acoustic startle response (Duvoisin et al. 2010a).”
BackgroundNavarro, J. F., Castro, V. D., & Martín‐López, M. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Guan, M., Keaton, J. M., Dimitrov, L. M., Hicks, P. J., Xu, J., Palmer, N. D., Wilson, J. G., Freedman, B. I., Bowden, D. W., & Ng, M. C. Y. (2018) · Kidney International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2018.03.002 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8, the protein product encoded by GRM8, is associated with weight gain in mouse models.(47,48) Previous studies suggest that obesity is a major risk factor for kidney disease in patients with diabetes.”
BackgroundRole of metabotropic glutamate receptors in CNS disorders
O’Connor, R. M., & Cryan, J. F. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511760334.017 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Related functions of mGlu4 and mGlu8
Davis, M. J., Duvoisin, R. M., & Raber, J. (2013) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2013.07.022 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“…of anxiety in the open field and elevated zero maze, sensorimotor function on the rotorod, and fear conditioning, as mGlu4 and/or mGlu8 were shown to affect performance in these tests (Davis et al., 2012; Duvoisin et al., 2010a; Duvoisin et al., 2011; Duvoisin et al., 2010b; Duvoisin et al., 2005).”
BackgroundMethodYu, N., & Guo, Y. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.152 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Kryszkowski, W., & Boczek, T. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10071475 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Lüffe, T., Bauer, M., Gioga, Z., Özbay, D., Romanos, M., Lillesaar, C., & Drepper, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.901309 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Chen, Q., Ho, J. D., Ashok, S., Vargas, M. C., Wang, J., Atwell, S., Bures, M. G., Schkeryantz, J. M., Monn, J. A., & Hao, J. (2018) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01120 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Selective activation of mGluR8 receptors modulates retinal ganglion cell light responses
Quraishi, S., Reed, B. T., Duvoisin, R. M., & Taylor, W. R. (2010) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.027 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“C57Bl/6 mice (Charles River, Wilmington, MA) and congenic mGluR8−/− mice (Duvoisin et al., 2005) were fed and housed under a 12 hour light/dark cycle.”
MethodOstenrath, A. M., Faturos, N., Çobanoğlu, Y. I. Ç., Serneels, B., Jeong, I., Dayanc, E. D., Enz, A., Hinrichsen, F., Mutlu, A. K., Bardenhewer, R., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-62115-z · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Borsani, E., Bonomini, F., Bonini, S. A., Premoli, M., Maccarinelli, G., Giugno, L., Mastinu, A., Aria, F., Memo, M., & Rezzani, R. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24997 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Roles of metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders
Mao, L., Mathur, N., Shah, K., & Wang, J. Q. (2022) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2022.10.003 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A candidate syntenic genetic locus is associated with voluntary exercise levels in mice and humans
Kostrzewa, E., Brandys, M. K., van Lith, H. A., & Kas, M. J. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.006 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“water maze [51].”
Spatial Learning and Memory in Animal Models and Humans
Haley, G. E., & Raber, J. (2011) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-883-6_4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Human CLOCK enhances neocortical function
Liu, Y., Fontenot, M. R., Kulkarni, A., Khandelwal, N., Park, S. H. E., Criswell, C. J., Harper, M. J., Xu, P., Gupta, N., Gibson, J. R., et al. (2025) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-025-01993-4 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Although Grm8 was downregulated in the deep-layer excitatory neurons of HU mice (Supplementary Table 7 and 9), previous work on Grm8 / GRM8 KO mice and human neurons did not detect apparent deficits in cognitive behaviors, axonal growth and spine formation 103–105 .”
Wang, D., Xu, M., Huang, L., Wang, X., & Zhu, L. (2022) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-022-02353-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“mGlu8 transcript expression declines progressively during postnatal development(47) and has been linked to anxiety and pain.(48,49) Given the extensive significance of mGluRs in motor and cognitive activities outlined above, upregulating NRF1 could enhance cognitive skills in neonatal HIE rats by stimulating the trans…”
BackgroundMetabotropic Glutamate Receptor Ligands as Novel Therapeutic Agents
Brady, A. E., & Conn, P. J. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-055-3_14 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Amygdala Functions
Ferraguti, F. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56170-7_13 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Navarro, J. F., Castro, V. D., & Martín‐López, M. (2009) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental · doi:10.1016/s1888-9891(09)72404-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Metabotropic Receptors for Glutamate and GABA
Stewart, G. D., Kniazeff, J., Przeau, L., Rondard, P., Pin, J., & Goudet, C. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/32481 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Both mGlu7 and mGlu8 KO animals display increase anxiety (Cryan et al., 2003; Duvoisin et al., 2005).”
BackgroundMetabotropic glutamate receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Acher, F., Battaglia, G., Bräuner‐Osborne, H., Conn, P. J., Duvoisin, R. M., Ferraguti, F., Flor, P. J., Goudet, C., Gregory, K. J., Hampson, D. R., et al. (2019) · IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE · doi:10.2218/gtopdb/f40/2019.4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Inhibition mediated by group III mGluRs regulates habenula activity and defensive behaviorsPreprint
Ostenrath, A. M., Faturos, N., Çobanoğlu, Y. I. Ç., Serneels, B., Jeong, I., Enz, A., Hinrichsen, F., Mutlu, A. K., Bardenhewer, R., Jetti, S. K., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.09.11.612421 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Thalamocortical mGlu8 Modulates Dorsal Thalamus Excitatory Transmission and Sensorimotor Activity
Nabit, B. P., Taylor, A., & Winder, D. G. (2024) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0119-24.2024 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…& Conn, 2021)). c r In classical, non-conditioned measures of anxiety, constitutive grm8 KO mice showed altered locomotor activity in open field (Duvoisin et al., 2005a; Lüffe et al., 2022) (both decreased(Duvoisin et al., 2005a) and increased(Gerlai et al., 2002)), increased anxiety…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDong, H., Luo, T., Yang, C., Liu, M., Shen, Y., & Hao, W. (2024) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-024-00506-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“The absence of mGluR8 leads to reduced locomotor activity in a novel enclosed environment, delayed response to electric shock, transient delay in response to scene fear and increased measures of anxiety in the open fi eld and elevated plus maze 50,51 .”
BackgroundCavas, M., Scesa, G., Martín‐López, M., & Navarro, J. F. (2016) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2016.09.019 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Moreover, group III mGlu receptors agonists show an anxiolytic profile that have largely been attributed to mGlu8 receptor activation [47-49] and a number of studies demonstrate mGlu8 involment in amygdala-dependent fear learning [43,44,50].”
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Ferranti, A. S., Noh, Y., Lei, X., Lin, X., Bungard, J. D., Asher, W. B., Javitch, J. A., & Niswender, C. M. (2026) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.molpha.2026.100133 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Anxiety Disorder
Xu, J., & Zhu, Y. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1002630 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wang, X., Shao, L., Hua, H., & Chen, Y. (2023) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-22-6452 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Other studies have demonstrated that MGluR8 knockout mice show increased anxiety until age of 6 months (38,39).”
Zhou, Q.-J., Liu, X., Zhang, L., Wang, R., Yin, T., Li, X., Li, G., He, Y., Ding, Z., Ma, P., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.01.29.478120 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Pietropaolo, S., Sluyter, F., & Crusio, W. E. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107360556.021
Navarro, J. F., Castro, V. D., & Martín‐López, M. (2009) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/s2173-5050(09)70044-5
Quantitative Genetics of Behavioral Phenotypes
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Metabotropic glutamate receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Acher, F., Battaglia, G., Bräuner‐Osborne, H., Conn, P. J., Duvoisin, R. M., Ferraguti, F., Flor, P. J., Goudet, C., Gregory, K. J., Hampson, D. R., et al. (2021) · IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE · doi:10.2218/gtopdb/f40/2021.3
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Novel Mechanisms of Drug Treatment in Psychiatry
Xia, Z., & Roth, B. L. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-252-6_30
de Melo, T. P., Zwirtes, A. K., Evangelho, L. A., Rocha, S. S. N., da Silveira, L. C., Faverzani, L. B., Breda, F. C., & de Oliveira, H. R. (2025) · Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia · doi:10.37496/rbz5420240124
- Authors
- Duvoisin, R. M., Zhang, C., Pfankuch, T. F., O'Connor, H., Gayet‐Primo, J., Quraishi, S., & Raber, J.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Cornell University (US)
- Oregon National Primate Research Center (US)
- Venue
- European Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-07
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 425-436
- ISSN
- 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
- 1460-9568
- OpenAlex
- W1894780092
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ellison Medical Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG020904, AG20904)
- National Eye Institute (R01EY009534, EY09534)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- anxiety, weight gain, obesity, insulin resistance, locomotor activity, exploratory behavior, novel environment, object recognition, thalamus, hypothalamus, synaptic transmission
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Animals, Anxiety, Avoidance Learning, Behavior, Animal, Blood Glucose, Body Composition, Drug Tolerance, Eating, Exploratory Behavior, Genotype, Insulin, Molecular Biology, Motor Activity, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Research Design, Time Factors, Blotting, Western, Weight Gain, Absorptiometry, Photon, Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate, Mice, Knockout, Maze Learning, Recognition, Psychology, Mice
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