Cited by 523Psychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionOptimism, Hope, and Well-beingStress Responses and Cortisol

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Positive Affect and Psychobiological Processes Relevant to Health

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Steptoe, Andrew, Dockray, Samantha, Wardle, Jane·2009·Journal of Personality

DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00599.xPMC PMC2787693

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Abstract

Empirical evidence suggests that there are marked associations between positive psychological states and health outcomes, including reduced cardiovascular disease risk and increased resistance to infection. These observations have stimulated the investigation of behavioral and biological processes that might mediate protective effects. Evidence linking positive affect with health behaviors has been mixed, though recent cross-cultural research has documented associations with exercising regularly, not smoking, and prudent diet. At the biological level, cortisol output has been consistently shown to be lower among individuals reporting positive affect, and favorable associations with heart rate, blood pressure, and inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 have also been described. Importantly, these relationships are independent of negative affect and depressed mood, suggesting that positive affect may have distinctive biological correlates that can benefit health. At the same time, positive affect is associated with protective psychosocial factors such as greater social connectedness, perceived social support, optimism, and preference for adaptive coping responses. Positive affect may be part of a broader profile of psychosocial resilience that reduces risk of adverse physical health outcomes.

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Authors: Steptoe, A., Dockray, S., & Wardle, J.
Affiliations: University College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Steptoe, Andrew
ORCID: Steptoe, Andrew
Dockray, Samantha
Wardle, Jane
Venue: Journal of Personality
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2009-11-17
Volume: 77
Issue: 6
Pages: 1747-1776
ISSN: 0022-3506 (ISSN-L)
1467-6494
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00599.x
PMC: PMC2787693
OpenAlex: W2130611920
Cited by: 520
References: 118
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 28
FWCI: 3.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Cancer Research UK
British Heart Foundation
National Institute on Aging (R37AG013196, R01AG013196)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords: positive affect, health, cardiovascular risk, infection resistance, cortisol, heart rate, blood pressure, interleukin-6, inflammatory markers, health behavior, physical activity, smoking, diet, social connectedness, social support, optimism, adaptive coping, psychosocial resilience
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Affect, Happiness, Health Status, Humans, Quality of Life, Social Environment, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological, Health Behavior, Self Efficacy, Resilience, Psychological

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