Cited by 530Personality Traits and PsychologyPersonality Disorders and PsychopathologyPsychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending

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Searching for a Vulnerable Dark Triad: Comparing Factor 2 Psychopathy, Vulnerable Narcissism, and Borderline Personality Disorder

Miller, Joshua D., Dir, Ally, Gentile, Brittany, Wilson, Lauren, Pryor, Lauren R., Campbell, W. Keith·2010·Journal of Personality

DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00660.x

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Abstract

Paulhus and Williams (2002) identified a "Dark Triad" comprising the following related personality styles: narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. The heterogeneity found in narcissism and psychopathy raises the possibility of a second triad made up of emotional vulnerability and dark traits (i.e., the vulnerable dark triad; VDT). Along with vulnerable narcissism and Factor 2 psychopathy, the third member of the hypothesized VDT is borderline personality disorder (BPD). Using a sample of 361 undergraduates, we examine the relations between these constructs and their relations with criterion variables, including personality, environmental etiological factors (e.g., abuse), and current functioning (e.g., psychopathology, affect). The results suggest that the VDT constructs are significantly related to one another and manifest similar nomological networks, particularly vulnerable narcissism and BPD. Although the VDT members are related to negative emotionality and antagonistic interpersonal styles, they are also related to introversion and disinhibition. Ultimately, it seems there is a "dark continuum" of pathological personality traits that differ primarily in relation to negative and positive emotionality and disinhibition.

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Influential
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The Hateful Eight (H8): An Efficient Multifaceted Approach to the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4)Preprint
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Темная триада
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“Notably, narcis-sism interacts with other traits (Campbell et al., 2011; Zajenkowski and Szymaniak, 2021) suggesting a nuanced account is needed to distinguish effects in given contexts (Miller et al., 2010).”
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“Some authors have also pointed to overlap of symptoms between psychopathy and psychopathic personality and other personality disorders, in particular borderline personality disorder.(168,169) For example, in female prisoners, Factor 2 (antisocial/ lifestyle) scores (although not Factor 1 PCL-R (interpersonal/affective…”
Background
Momentary assessment of the relations between narcissistic traits, interpersonal behaviors, and aggression
Du, T. V., Lane, S. P., Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2023) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12831 · Cited by 13
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“Moreover, Miller and colleagues (Miller et al., 2010; Miller et al., 2011), based on their findings on the phenomenological coverage of narcissistic vulnerability by the dimensional trait models, suggested that narcissistic vulnerability is better described by the diagnostic criteria of BPD (broad range of negative af…”
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Perceptions of female narcissism in intimate partner violence: A thematic analysis
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COVID-19 prevention behaviour is differentially motivated by primary psychopathy, grandiose narcissism and vulnerable Dark Triad traits
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Schyns, B., Braun, S. H., & Wisse, B. M. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.553 · Cited by 10
“More research is needed to better understand the differences more extraverted and more introverted/disinhibited (Miller et al., 2010) types of Dark Triad personality traits.”
BackgroundInfluential
Love is a losing game: Capacity for love mediates the relationship between the vulnerable dark triad and love styles
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“…given evidence that this form of narcissism is a stronger predictor of love styles than grandi-ose narcissism (Miller et al., 2011; Rohmann et al., 2012), and the inconsistency of findings suggesting an association between childhood maltreatment and grandiose narcissism (Miller et al., 2010).”
Influential
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“As noted earlier, psychopathy has been hypothesized to be expressed in women as BPD [19, 20, 32], while others suggest that psychopathy is expressed in women as HPD [9, 16].”
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The Role of Narcissism, Hyper-competitiveness and Maladaptive Coping Strategies on Male Adolescent Regular Gamblers: Two Mediation Models
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Dark Personalities in the Workplace
(2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2017-0-03742-4 · Cited by 9
Vulnerable dark traits mediate the association between childhood adversity and suicidal ideation
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Personality disorders: Current scientific status and ongoing controversies.
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Narcissism and Self-Esteem: A Nomological Network AnalysisPreprint
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“In the five-factor personality inventory, vulnerable narcissism positively correlated with neuroticism and negatively correlated with agreeableness and extroversion (Miller et al., 2010).”
Background
Revisiting the vulnerable dark triad hypothesis using a bifactor model
Gamache, D., Maheux‐Caron, V., Théberge, D., Côté, A., Rancourt, M., Hétu, S., & Savard, C. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12921 · Cited by 9
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“However, recent studies do suggest that individuals with psychopathic traits are both willing and capable of providing accurate ratings of these traits (Miller et al., 2010; Ray et al., 2013) and that the validity of self-report measures of psychopathy is not markedly diminished by response distortion (e.”
Background
Borderline Personality Disorder with Psychopathic Traits: A Critical Review
López‐Villatoro, J. M., Palomares, N., Díaz‐Marsá, M., & Carrasco, J. L. (2018) · Clinical Medical Reviews and Case Reports · doi:10.23937/2378-3656/1410227 · Cited by 7
“Research focused on psychopathy factors suggest that BPD traits are more strongly associated with F2 traits than with F1 traits [11,12].”
Background
Exploring the relations of psychopathic and narcissistic personality traits to military experiences in National Guard personnel
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Development and Validation of a Short Version of the Primary Scales of the Inventory of Personality Organization: A Study among Japanese University Students
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Authors: Miller, J. D., Dir, A., Gentile, B., Wilson, L., Pryor, L. R., & Campbell, W. K.
Affiliations: University of Georgia (US)
Corresponding author: Miller, Joshua D.
ORCID: Miller, Joshua D.
Gentile, Brittany
Wilson, Lauren
Campbell, W. Keith
Venue: Journal of Personality
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2010-09-01
Volume: 78
Issue: 5
Pages: 1529-1564
ISSN: 0022-3506 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00660.x
OpenAlex: W1566765103
Cited by: 530
References: 85
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 22.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 1826 d)
Locations: Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Keywords: vulnerable narcissism, borderline personality disorder, dark personality traits, negative affectivity, disinhibition, introversion, antagonism, abuse, psychopathology, affect, nomological network
MeSH terms: Adult, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Machiavellianism, Male, Narcissism, Psychological Tests, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Social Desirability, Students, Temperament, Young Adult

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Searching for a Vulnerable Dark Triad: Comparing Factor 2 Psychopathy, Vulnerable Narcissism, and Borderline Personality Disorder

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