The effects of an afterschool physical activity program on working memory in preadolescent children: Fitness and working memory in children
Open accessAbstract
The present study examined the effects of a 9-month randomized control physical activity intervention aimed at improving cardiorespiratory fitness on changes in working memory performance in preadolescent children relative to a waitlist control group. Participants performed a modified Sternberg task, which manipulated working memory demands based on encoding set sizes, while task performance and the contingent negative variation (CNV) event-related brain potential were measured. Analyses revealed that the physical activity intervention led to increases in cardiorespiratory fitness and improved Sternberg task performance. Further, the beneficial effects of the physical activity intervention were greater for a task condition requiring greater working memory demands. In addition, the intervention group exhibited larger initial CNV at the frontal electrode site, relative to the waitlist group at post-test; an effect not observed during the pre-test. These results indicate that increases in cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with improvements in the cognitive control of working memory in preadolescent children.
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Cardiorespiratory fitness is independently related to AP, and students with normal weight tended to have the best academic performance.
“For example, researchers from Portugal have shown that cardiorespiratory fitness is independently related to AP; moreover, students with normal weight tended to have the best academic performance (52).”
From Children's Physical Activity, Academic Performance, and Cognitive Functioning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [52]
The Introduction (page unavailable) reports an association between cardiorespiratory fitness and academic achievement in preadolescent children. It does not say that the association is independent, identify Portuguese researchers, or report that normal-weight students had the best academic performance. The paper’s own study examined working memory, not those academic-performance comparisons. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA small number of studies examined functional brain correlates that may underlie the effects of physical activity on cognitive performance.
“A small number of studies examined functional brain correlates that may underlie the effects of PA on cognitive performance.49 50 57 58”
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- Authors
- Kamijo, K., Pontifex, M. B., O’Leary, K. C., Scudder, M. R., Wu, C.-T., Castelli, D. M., & Hillman, C. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kamijo, Keita
- ORCID
- Venue
- Developmental Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-04-25
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1046-1058
- ISSN
- 1363-755X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3177170
- OpenAlex
- W1582740515
- Cited by
- 365
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 15.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Developmental Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD055352, R01HD069381)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- cardiorespiratory fitness, working memory, preadolescents, Sternberg task, contingent negative variation, event-related potentials, cognitive control, physical activity interventions
- MeSH terms
- Child, Contingent Negative Variation, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Learning, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Motor Activity, Physical Fitness, Schools, Task Performance and Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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