Developmental change in the ERP responses to familiar faces in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders versus typical development
Open accessAbstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show differences in face processing abilities from early in development. To examine whether these differences reflect an atypical versus delayed developmental trajectory, neural responses to familiar and unfamiliar faces in twenty-four 18- to 47-month-old children with ASD were compared with responses of thirty-two 12- to 30-month-old typically developing children. Results of 2 experiments revealed that neural responses to faces in children with ASD resembled those observed in younger typically developing children, suggesting delayed development. Electrophysiological responses to faces were also related to parent report of adaptive social behaviors for both children with ASD and typical development. Slower development of the face processing system in ASD may be related to reduced self-directed “expected” experience with faces in early development.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Research has documented atypical EEG activity in young children with autism spectrum disorder in response to faces.
“Research has documented atypical patterns of EEG activity in young children with ASD in response to face stimuli.7–9”
From Early Behavioral Intervention Is Associated With Normalized Brain Activity in Young Children With Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [9]
The atypical EEG response in autism spectrum disorder involves delays in the development of the Nc attention-related event-related potential and the N290/N170 face-processing component.
“This atypical response is characterized by delays in the development of an attention-related event-related potential (ERP) component, the Nc, and a face-specific perceptual processing component, the N290 (and later in development, the N170).8,9”
From Early Behavioral Intervention Is Associated With Normalized Brain Activity in Young Children With Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [9]
The extent of the developmental delay in how facial familiarity modulates attention-related neural responses in toddlers with ASD relates to their general social level.
“Further, toddlers with ASD show developmental delays in how facial familiarity modulates attention-related neural responses, and the extent of the developmental delay relates to their general social level [27].”
Toddlers with ASD show developmental delays in how facial familiarity modulates attention-related neural responses.
“Further, toddlers with ASD show developmental delays in how facial familiarity modulates attention-related neural responses, and the extent of the developmental delay relates to their general social level [27].”
Previous work with toddlers with ASD has shown that the modulation of the Nc by facial familiarity is atypical.
“Previous work with toddlers with ASD has shown that the modulation of the Nc by facial familiarity is atypical [27].”
Toddlers and young children with ASD show developmentally delayed modulation of the Nc by facial familiarity, such that responses resemble those seen in younger typically developing toddlers.
“toddlers and young children with ASD show developmentally delayed modulation of the Nc by facial familiarity, such that responses resemble those seen in younger typically developing toddlers [27].”
The progressive decrease in interest in faces seen in infants with later ASD over the second year of life may fail to reinforce this initially advanced developmental trajectory of the face recognition system, leading to the gradual emergence of relatively slower learning and delayed neural correlates of face processing.
“Subsequently, the progressive decrease in interest in faces seen in infants with later ASD over the second year of life may fail to reinforce this initially advanced developmental trajectory of the face recognition system, leading to the gradual emergence of relatively slower learning [22] and delayed neural correlates of face processing [27].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172145 · Cited by 9,065 · see citing works
Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., Pickles, A., & Rutter, M. (2000) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1005592401947 · Cited by 7,520 · see citing works
Dawson, G., Rogers, S., Munson, J., Smith, M., Winter, J., Greenson, J., Donaldson, A., & Varley, J. (2010) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0958 · Cited by 2,621 · cited 5× · see citing works
“…children with ASD were randomly assigned to the ESDM group and over the course of the next 24 to 30 months, received an average of 20.4 hours per week in intervention; the Assessment and Monitoring group received an average of 18.4 hours per week of community based therapies (Dawson et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationNunez, P. L., & Srinivasan, R. (2006) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195050387.001.0001 · Cited by 2,531 · see citing works
Electric Fields of the Brain: The Neurophysics of EEG
Nunez, P. L., & Harth, E. M. (1982) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.2915137 · Cited by 2,296 · see citing works
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
Sparrow, S. S. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1602 · Cited by 1,974 · see citing works
Eye contact detection in humans from birth
Farroni, T., Csibra, G., Simion, F., & Johnson, M. H. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.152159999 · Cited by 1,442 · see citing works
Kuhl, P. K., Tsao, F.-M., & Liu, H.-M. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1532872100 · Cited by 1,237 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Preedy, V., & Watson, R. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_5485 · Cited by 1,146 · see citing works
(2001) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,044 · see citing works
Schultz, R. T., Gauthier, I., Klin, A., Fulbright, R. K., Anderson, A. W., Volkmar, F., Skudlarski, P., Lacadie, C., Cohen, D. J., & Gore, J. C. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.4.331 · Cited by 1,000 · see citing works
Dawson, G., Webb, S. J., & McPartland, J. (2005) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2703_6 · Cited by 989 · see citing works
Self-citationAutism From 2 to 9 Years of Age
Lord, C., Risi, S., DiLavore, P. S., Shulman, C., Thurm, A., & Pickles, A. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.694 · Cited by 973 · see citing works
Is Face Processing Species-Specific During the First Year of Life?
Pascalis, O., de Haan, M. D. H., & Nelson, C. A. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1070223 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
Action experience alters 3-month-old infants' perception of others' actions
Sommerville, J. A., Woodward, A. L., & Needham, A. (2005) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2004.07.004 · Cited by 817 · see citing works
The Other-Race Effect Develops During Infancy
Kelly, D. J., Quinn, P. C., Slater, A. M., Lee, K., Ge, L., & Pascalis, O. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02029.x · Cited by 754 · see citing works
Using developmental trajectories to understand developmental disorders.
Thomas, M., Annaz, D., Ansari, D., Scerif, G., Jarrold, C., & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2009) · Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2009/07-0144 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Specialization of Neural Mechanisms Underlying Face Recognition in Human Infants
Haan, M. D., Pascalis, O., & Johnson, M. H. (2002) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892902317236849 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Human Behavior and the Developing Brain
Torres, I. J. (1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.4.637-a · Cited by 552 · see citing works
The development and neural bases of face recognition
Nelson, C. A. (2001) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.239 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Dawson, G., Carver, L., Meltzoff, A. N., Panagiotides, H., McPartland, J., & Webb, S. J. (2002) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00433 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Self-citationAbnormal functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorders during face processing
Kleinhans, N. M., Richards, T., Sterling, L., Stegbauer, K. C., Mahurin, R., Johnson, L. C., Greenson, J., Dawson, G., & Aylward, E. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awm334 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Self-citationSeeing it differently: visual processing in autism
BEHRMANN, M., THOMAS, C., & HUMPHREYS, K. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.05.001 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
The brain response to personally familiar faces in autism: Findings of fusiform activity and beyond
Pierce, K. (2004) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh289 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Plasticity of face processing in infancy
Pascalis, O., Scott, L. S., Kelly, D. J., Shannon, R. W., Nicholson, E., Coleman, M., & Nelson, C. A. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0406627102 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
McPartland, J. C., Dawson, G., Webb, S. J., Panagiotides, H., & Carver, L. J. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00318.x · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Self-citationGrelotti, D. J., Gauthier, L., & Schultz, R. T. (2002) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.10028 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Brain activity differentiates face and object processing in 6-month-old infants.
de Haan, M., & Nelson, C. A. (1999) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.35.4.1113 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
The emergence of the social brain network: evidence from typical and atypical development
JOHNSON, M. H., GRIFFIN, R., CSIBRA, G., HALIT, H., FARRONI, T., DE HAAN, M., TUCKER, L. A., BARON–COHEN, S., & RICHARDS, J. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050297 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Recognition of the Mother's Face by Six-Month-Old Infants: A Neurobehavioral Study
de Haan, M., & Nelson, C. A. (1997) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01935.x · Cited by 353 · see citing works
What are infant siblings teaching us about autism in infancy?
Rogers, S. J. (2009) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.81 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Development of face-sensitive event-related potentials during infancy: a review
de Haan, M., Johnson, M. H., & Halit, H. (2003) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(03)00152-1 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Halit, H., de Haan, M., & Johnson, M. H. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00076-4 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Mullen Scales of Early Learning
Hutchins, T. L., Vivanti, G., Mateljevic, N., Jou, R. J., Shic, F., Cornew, L., Roberts, T. P. L., Oakes, L. A., Gray, S. A. O., Ray-Subramanian, C. E., et al. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_596 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Reynolds, G. D., & Richards, J. E. (2005) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.41.4.598 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Dawson, G., Webb, S. J., Carver, L., Panagiotides, H., & McPartland, J. (2004) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00352.x · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Self-citationChawarska, K., & Shic, F. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0803-7 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Event-related brain potentials to human faces in infants
Courchesne, E., Ganz, L., & Norcia, A. M. (1981) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129080 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Attention affects the recognition of briefly presented visual stimuli in infants: an ERP study
Richards, J. E. (2003) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/1467-7687.00287 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Induction of brain structure by experience: Substrates for cognitive development.
Greenough, W. T., & Black, J. (1992) · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Akshoomoff, N. A. (2006) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297040500473714 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
A prospective study of toddlers with ASD: short‐term diagnostic and cognitive outcomes
Chawarska, K., Klin, A., Paul, R., Macari, S. L., & Volkmar, F. R. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02101.x · Cited by 233 · see citing works
The Origin of Biases in Face Perception
Scott, L. S., & Monesson, A. (2009) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02348.x · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Recognition of the Mother's Face by Six-Month-Old Infants: A Neurobehavioral Study
de Haan, M. D. H., & Nelson, C. A. (1997) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131845 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Neural correlates of eye gaze processing in the infant broader autism phenotype
Elsabbagh, M., Volein, A., Csibra, G., Holmboe, K., Garwood, H., Tucker, L., Krljes, S., Baron-Cohen, S., Bolton, P., Charman, T., et al. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.09.034 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Fusiform function in children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder is a matter of ‘who’
Pierce, K., & Redcay, E. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.013 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
ERP evidence of atypical face processing in young children with autism
Webb, S. J., Dawson, G., Bernier, R., & Panagiotides, H. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0126-x · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationParker, S. W., Nelson, C. A., & The Bucharest Early Intervention Project Core Group (2005) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00829.x · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Kuefner, D. (2010) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/neuro.09.067.2009 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Abnormal EEG lateralization in boys with autism
Stroganova, T. A., Nygren, G., Tsetlin, M. M., Posikera, I. N., Gillberg, C., Elam, M., & Orekhova, E. V. (2007) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2007.05.005 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Neural correlates of eye-gaze detection in young children with autism
Grice, S. J., Halit, H., Farroni, T., Baron-Cohen, S., Bolton, P., & Johnson, M. H. (2005) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70271-5 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
McCleery, J. P., Akshoomoff, N., Dobkins, K. R., & Carver, L. J. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.031 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
A longitudinal investigation of visual event‐related potentials in the first year of life
Webb, S. J., Long, J. D., & Nelson, C. A. (2005) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00452.x · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Self-citationMemory for Faces in Children with Autism
Hauck, M., FEIN, D. A., Maltby, N., Waterhouse, L. H., & Feinstein, C. (1998) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/chin.4.3.187.3174 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
The neurophysiological correlates of face processing in adults and children with Asperger’s syndrome
O’Connor, K., Hamm, J. P., & Kirk, I. J. (2005) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2005.05.004 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Patterns of Growth in Adaptive Social Abilities Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Anderson, D. K., Oti, R., Lord, C., & Welch, K. (2009) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9326-0 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Milne, E., Scope, A., Pascalis, O., Buckley, D., & Makeig, S. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.07.017 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Fractionation of visual memory: agency detection and its impairment in autism
Blair, R. (2002) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00069-0 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Nelson, C. A., & Collins, P. F. (1991) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.27.1.50 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
SPECT OF THE BRAIN IN CHILDHOOD AUTISM: EVIDENCE FOR A LACK OF NORMAL HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY
Chiron, C., Leboyer, M., Leon, F., Jambaque, L., Nuttin, C., & Syrota, A. (1995) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1995.tb11938.x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Carver, L. J., Dawson, G., Panagiotides, H., Meltzoff, A. N., McPartland, J. C., Gray, J., & MUNSON, J. A. (2003) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.10078 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationMoulson, M. C., Westerlund, A., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Nelson, C. A. (2009) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01315.x · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Toddlers with Elevated Autism Symptoms Show Slowed Habituation to Faces
Webb, S. J., Jones, E. J. H., Merkle, K. L., Namkung, J. M., Toth, K., Greenson, J., Murias, M., & Dawson, G. (2010) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297041003601454 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationERP responses differentiate inverted but not upright face processing in adults with ASD
Webb, S. J., Merkle, K. L., Murias, M., Richards, T. L., Aylward, E., & Dawson, G. (2009) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsp002 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationWebb, S. J., Jones, E. J. H., Merkle, K., Murias, M., Greenson, J., Richards, T., Aylward, E., & Dawson, G. (2010) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.04.011 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural Correlates of Human and Monkey Face Processing in 9‐Month‐Old Infants
Scott, L. S., Shannon, R. W., & Nelson, C. A. (2006) · Infancy · doi:10.1207/s15327078in1002_4 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Snyder, K. A., Webb, S. J., & Nelson, C. A. (2002) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/s0163-6383(02)00146-7 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationDelay Versus Deviance in Autistic Social Behavior
VanMeter, L. A., FEIN, D. A., Morris, R., et al. (1997) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1025830110640 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Neural correlates of attention and memory in the first year of life
Nelson, C. A., & deRegnier, R.-A. O. (1992) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565649209540521 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Chawarska, K., & Volkmar, F. R. (2006) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00543.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Wilson, R. E., Pascalis, O., & Blades, M. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0169-z · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Human Behavior, Learning, and the Developing Brain: Typical Development
Sauzier, M. C. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.000313980.62490.7e · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Key, A. P. F., Stone, W. L., & Williams, S. M. (2009) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.600 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Ackles, P. K., & COOK, K. G. (2007) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/00207450600909970 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Kuefner, D., de Heering, A., Jacques, C., et al. (2010) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/10.7.567 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Swingler, M. M., Sweet, M. A., & Carver, L. J. (2010) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018907 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Swingler, M. M., Sweet, M. A., & Carver, L. J. (2007) · Infancy · doi:10.1207/s15327078in1101_3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Event-related brain potentials and visual attention in six-month-old infants
Ackles, P. K., & Cook, K. G. (2009) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/00207450802330579 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Experience and developmental changes in the organization of language-relevant brain activity.
Mills, D. L., Sheehan, E. A., Coch, D., et al. (2007) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Mareschal D Johnson MH Sirois S Spratling M Thomas M Westermann G 2007 Neuroconstructivism Oxford, UK Oxford University Press
- Nelson CA 1996 Electrophysiological correlates of early memory development Reese HW Franzen MD Thirteenth West Virginia University Conference on Life Span Developmental Psychology: Biological and Neuropsychological Mechanisms Lawrence Erlbaum New Jersey 95 131
- Webb SJ Faja S Dawson G 2009 Face processing in autism Calder A Rhodes G Haxby J Johnson M Handbook of Face Perception Oxford University Press
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dawson, G., Jones, E. J. H., Merkle, K., Venema, K., Lowy, R., Faja, S., Kamara, D., Murias, M., Greenson, J., Winter, J., et al. (2012) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.08.018 · Cited by 799 · see citing works
Self-citationJones, E. J. H., Venema, K., Earl, R., Lowy, R., Barnes, K., Estes, A., Dawson, G., & Webb, S. J. (2016) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-016-9139-8 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
“Further, toddlers with ASD show developmental delays in how facial familiarity modulates attention-related neural responses, and the extent of the developmental delay relates to their general social level [27].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationDevelopmental changes in infant brain activity during naturalistic social experiences
Jones, E. J. H., Venema, K., Lowy, R., Earl, R. K., & Webb, S. J. (2015) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21336 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreased cortical reactivity to repeated tones at 8 months in infants with later ASD
Kolesnik, A., Begum Ali, J., Gliga, T., Guiraud, J., Charman, T., Johnson, M. H., Jones, E. J. H., & The BASIS Team (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0393-x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Webb, S. J., Jones, E. J. H., Merkle, K., Venema, K., Greenson, J., Murias, M., & Dawson, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- University of Washington
- University of Washington, Autism Speaks, and University of North Carolina
- Corresponding author
- Webb, Sara Jane
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-11-01
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1868-1886
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8624
- PMC
- PMC4141561
- OpenAlex
- W2161635825
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Child Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Autism Speaks (AS2140)
- National Institute of Mental Health (U54MH066399)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD064820, P50HD055782)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, face processing, event-related potentials, toddlers, developmental delay, familiar faces, social behavior
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Cerebral Cortex, Developmental Disabilities, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Dominance, Cerebral, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Face, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Reaction Time, Reference Values, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Social Behavior, Recognition, Psychology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
