The Symbolic Power of Money: Reminders of Money Alter Social Distress and Physical Pain
Abstract
People often get what they want from the social system, and that process is aided by social popularity or by having money. Money can thus possibly substitute for social acceptance in conferring the ability to obtain benefits from the social system. Moreover, past work has suggested that responses to physical pain and social distress share common underlying mechanisms. Six studies tested relationships among reminders of money, social exclusion, and physical pain. Interpersonal rejection and physical pain caused desire for money to increase. Handling money (compared with handling paper) reduced distress over social exclusion and diminished the physical pain of immersion in hot water. Being reminded of having spent money, however, intensified both social distress and physical pain.
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Money is imbued with social connotations and exerts a substantial influence on pro-social behavior.
“Importantly, however, although monetary reinforcers have predominantly been operationalized and used as non-social stimuli, money is imbued with social connotations and exerts a substantial influence on pro-social behavior [64-66].”
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Money talks: neural substrate of modulation of fairness by monetary incentives
Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Rao, L., Yang, L., & Li, S. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00150 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zhou, X., Vohs, K. D., & Baumeister, R. F.
- Affiliations
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Florida State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhou, Xinyue
- Vohs, Kathleen D.
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 700-706
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2104750960
- Cited by
- 388
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 26.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (RL1AA017541)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Keywords
- money, social exclusion, bodily pain, interpersonal rejection, social acceptance, pain and distress, cash handling, spending money
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Economics, Female, Hierarchy, Social, Humans, Male, Motivation, Pain, Power, Psychological, Mental Recall, Rejection, Psychology, Self Concept, Social Desirability, Symbolism, Pain Threshold
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