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Cited by 129Neuroendocrine regulation and behaviorDeath Anxiety and Social ExclusionBullying, Victimization, and Aggression

State, not trait, neuroendocrine function predicts costly reactive aggression in men after social exclusion and inclusion

Geniole, Shawn N., Carré, Justin M., McCormick, Cheryl M.·2011·Biological Psychology
DOI 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.02.020
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Abstract

Social exclusion increases aggressive behaviour, and the possible neuroendocrine underpinnings of the effect are largely unknown. Here, we examined the extent to which testosterone and cortisol responses to social exclusion would predict subsequent reactive aggression. Men were randomly assigned to a social exclusion (SE) or inclusion (SI) condition of 'Cyberball', a computer ball-toss game. Aggression was then measured using the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP). Saliva was collected at three points for the measurement of testosterone and cortisol. Regression analyses indicated that testosterone concentrations 10-min into the PSAP (controlling for pre- and post-Cyberball testosterone) were positively correlated with aggressive behaviour, irrespective of SI/SE. Post hoc analyses for the conditions separately, however, suggested the relationship was stronger for SI men (R(2)(change)=13.3%, F(1,)(29)=5.28, p=0.03) than for SE men (R(2)(change)=1.8%, F(1,)(26)=0.49, p=0.49). Aggressive behaviour was also positively correlated with cortisol concentrations 10-min into the PSAP (controlling for pre- and post-Cyberball cortisol) irrespective of SE/SI. When both hormones were included in the regression model, the interaction of baseline 'Cortisol'×'Testosterone'×'Experimental Group' approached significance (R(2)(change)=5.4%, F(1,)(55)=3.53, p=0.07), but no significant effects were observed in either group alone. The findings add to evidence that individual differences in state neuroendocrine function map onto variability in human social behaviour.

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  • A considerable number of Cyberball studies have found strong exclusion effects in between-subjects designs where one group received only the inclusion condition and another group received both inclusion and exclusion rounds.

    “This view is informed by the considerable number of Cyberball studies that have found strong exclusion effects in between-subjects designs where one group received only the inclusion condition and another group received both inclusion and exclusion rounds (Boyes & French, 2009; Carter-Sowell et al., 2008; Geniole et al., 2011; van Beest & Williams, 2006).”

    From Risk-taking and social exclusion in adolescence: neural mechanisms underlying peer influences on decision-making (2013) · cites this paper as Geniole et al., 2011

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Authors
Geniole, S. N., Carré, J. M., & McCormick, C. M.
Affiliations
  • Brock University (CA)
  • Duke University (US)
Corresponding author
McCormick, Cheryl M.
ORCID
Venue
Biological Psychology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-04
Volume
87
Issue
1
Pages
137-145
ISSN
0301-0511 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.02.020
OpenAlex
W1971705777
Cited by
129
References
80
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
FWCI
12.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Biological Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Canada Research Chairs
  • Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Keywords
social exclusion, social inclusion, reactive aggression, testosterone, cortisol, neuroendocrine function, individual differences, Cyberball, Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm, aggression prediction, men
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Aggression, Analysis of Variance, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Neurosecretory Systems, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychological Tests, Saliva, Social Behavior, Statistics as Topic, Testosterone, Young Adult

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