The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ethnic Discrimination in Germany’s Labour Market: A Field Experiment
Abstract
Abstract This paper studies ethnic discrimination in Germany’s labour market with a correspondence test. We send two similar applications to each of 528 advertisements for student internships, one with a Turkish-sounding and one with a German-sounding name. A German name raises the average probability of a callback by about 14%. Differential treatment is particularly strong and significant in smaller firms at which the applicant with the German name receives 24% more callbacks. Discrimination disappears when we restrict our sample to applications including reference letters which contain favourable information about the candidate’s personality. We interpret this finding as evidence for statistical discrimination.
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“Correspondingly, Kaas & Manger (2012) find no discrimination in a field experimental study in Germany when reference letters for applicants include positive information about the applicants.”
From Comparative Perspectives on Racial Discrimination in Hiring: The Rise of Field Experiments (2021) · cites this paper as Kaas & Manger (2012)
Citations
Cites
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Harrison, G. W., & List, J. A. (2004) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/0022051043004577 · Cited by 2,282
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Orchestrating Impartiality: The Impact of “Blind” Auditions on Female Musicians
Goldin, C. D., & Rouse, C. E. (2000) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.90.4.715 · Cited by 1,727
Discrimination in a Segmented Society: An Experimental Approach
Fershtman, C., & Uri Gneezy, B. (2001) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355301556338 · Cited by 943
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Riach, P. A., & Rich, J. (2002) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/1468-0297.00080 · Cited by 911
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Carlsson, M., & Rooth, D.-O. (2007) · Labour Economics · doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2007.05.001 · Cited by 559
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Gault, J., Redington, J., & Schlager, T. (2000) · Journal of Marketing Education · doi:10.1177/0273475300221006 · Cited by 516
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- Bauer, 2000, Immigration Policy, Assimilation of Immigrants and Natives' Sentiments Towards Immigrants, Swedish Economic Policy Review, 7, 11
- Fertig, 2010, Attitudes Towards Foreigners and Jews in Germany, Review of Economics of the Household
- Isserstedt, 2010, Die Wirtschaftliche und Soziale Lage der Studierenden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 2009
- Statistisches Bundesamt, 2010, Bevoelkerung und Erwerbstaetigkeit. Bevoelkerung mit Migrationshintergrund - Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus 2009. Fachserie 1, Reihe 2.2
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Items 501–517 of 517
Soft Skills and Hiring DiscriminationPreprint
Valencia, C., Janzen, S., Ghorpade, Y., & Rahman, A. B. A. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6543071
Can interethnic marriages mitigate discrimination? Insights from a field experiment
Mourelatos, E. (2026) · Journal of Population Economics · doi:10.1007/s00148-026-01171-1
“For instance, Turkish-origin applicants in Germany must submit approximately 14% more applications than native Germans to receive the same number of callbacks (Kaas and Manger 2012).”
Are Kurds Discriminated Against in the Hiring Process? Experimental Evidence from TürkiyePreprint
Karaarslan, C. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9596623/v1
Discrimination à l’embauche : les caractéristiques du poste à pourvoir importent-elles ?
Arnoult, É., & Rémy, V. (2026) · Travail et emploi · doi:10.4000/1692l
Postmigrant Societies in Times of Polarisation: Agency, Belonging and Resilience
Alizadeh, H., & Bork‐Hüffer, T. (2026) · Population Space and Place · doi:10.1002/psp.70282
“Correspondence tests on the German labour market reveal that applicants with Turkish or Arabic names are particularly affected by prejudice (Kaas and Manger 2012).”
Arora, P. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6896538
Igarashi, A., & Cato, S. (2026) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/soag072
Underestimating sexism: Is gender categorization key?
Steffens, M. C., Ehrke, F., Hansen, K., Loths, L., & Dettmann, J. (2026) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2026.104973
Language Barriers and Discrimination: Evidence from Rental Housing MarketsPreprint
Shaikh, H., Zou, J., & Nesseler, C. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6538740
Akhtar, G. K. H., Farooq, S., Usman, M., & Amin, A. (2016) · International Journal of Applied Business and Management Studies · doi:10.68099/ijabms.2016.260
Yeerzhati, T., Söhngen, C. C., Kleszewski, E., & Otto, K. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.107884
The structure of discrimination against Turkish migrants in Germany
Angerer, S., Brosch, H., Glätzle‐Rützler, D., Lergetporer, P., & Rittmannsberger, T. (2026) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2026.105492
The inequality of voice: how belonging to lower social status groups impacts worker voice
SNOEP‐DELLEMAN, A., Akkerman, A., & Manevska, K. (2026) · Socio-Economic Review · doi:10.1093/ser/mwag044
Pudelko, M., Popescu, C., & Tenzer, H. (2026) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-026-06485-4
Discrimination in Bureaucratic Recruitment Under Civil Service Exams
Guul, T. S., & Lemb, J. (2026) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.1002/pam.70137
Metadata
- Authors
- Kaas, L., & Manger, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Konstanz (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kaas, Leo
- Manger, Christian
- ORCID
- Manger, Christian
- Venue
- German Economic Review
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2012-02-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-20
- ISSN
- 1465-6485 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-0475
- OpenAlex
- W1906367169
- Cited by
- 509
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 86.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- German Economic Review (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- ethnic discrimination, employment discrimination, correspondence test, name-based discrimination, callbacks, student internships, firm size, letters of recommendation, statistical discrimination, Germany
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