Cited by 517Names, Identity, and Discrimination ResearchExperimental Behavioral Economics StudiesSocial and Intergroup Psychology

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Ethnic Discrimination in Germany’s Labour Market: A Field Experiment

Kaas, Leo, Manger, Christian·2012·German Economic Review

DOI 10.1111/j.1468-0475.2011.00538.x

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Abstract

Abstract This paper studies ethnic discrimination in Germany’s labour market with a correspondence test. We send two similar applications to each of 528 advertisements for student internships, one with a Turkish-sounding and one with a German-sounding name. A German name raises the average probability of a callback by about 14%. Differential treatment is particularly strong and significant in smaller firms at which the applicant with the German name receives 24% more callbacks. Discrimination disappears when we restrict our sample to applications including reference letters which contain favourable information about the candidate’s personality. We interpret this finding as evidence for statistical discrimination.

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From "guest workers" to EU migrants: A gendered view on the labour market integration of different arrival cohorts in Germany
Sprengholz, M., Diehl, C., Giesecke, J. A., & Kreyenfeld, M. R. (2021) · Journal of Family Research · doi:10.20377/jfr-492 · Cited by 15
“…problem is more severe for groups who are visibly distinct because of their skin colour, or – as is more relevant in Germany – because of their ethnic markers, such as a headscarf (Quillian et al. 2019; Kaas & Manger 2012; Weichselbaumer 2020; see also Salikutluk and Menke in this Special Issue).”
Background
Discrimination due to Ethnicity and Gender: How susceptible are video‐based job interviews?
Kroll, E., & Ziegler, M. D. (2016) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/ijsa.12138 · Cited by 15
“While a video-based interview offers a lot more information than a resumé and discriminatory effects can disappear when more information is available (Kaas & Manger, 2010), it remains an empirical question whether discrimination against applicants of foreign origin will emerge.”
Do Start-ups Provide Employment Opportunities for Disadvantaged Workers?
Fackler, D., Fuchs, M., Hölscher, L., & Schnabel, C. (2018) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · doi:10.1177/0019793918814476 · Cited by 15
“Startups could also be promising employers for foreign workers: if these workers are discriminated against by incumbent firms (as shown by Kaas and Manger 2012), they may be better off with startups that can probably afford less to discriminate, e.g., because of lower profits or a lack of monopsony…”
Background
Geschlechterrollen bei Deutschen und Zuwanderern christlicher und muslimischer Religionszugehörigkeit
El-Menouar, Y. (2017) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110518351-010 · Cited by 14
Brief report: When does identity lead to negative affective experiences? A comparison of Turkish–Bulgarian and Turkish–German adolescents
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Combating discrimination at workplaces through mainstreaming ‘gender’ and ‘integration’ needs in legislation: Testing a new analytical framework in Germany and Sweden
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To what extent do secondary effects shape migrants’ educational trajectories after lower-secondary education?
Busse, R., Michaelis, C., & Nennstiel, R. (2023) · Empirical research in vocational education and training · doi:10.1186/s40461-023-00142-0 · Cited by 13
“In this context, it has also to be considered that many studies showed that there is discrimination against migrants in companies’ selection processes (e.g. Imdorf 2017; Kaas and Manger 2012; Zschirnt and Ruedin 2016; Zschirnt 2020).”
Background
The Impact of Military Work Experience on Later Hiring Chances in the Civilian Labour Market. Evidence from a Field Experiment
Baert, S., & Balcaen, P. (2013) · Economics · doi:10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2013-37 · Cited by 13
Headscarf and job recruitment—lifting the veil of labour market discrimination
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How to reduce discrimination? Evidence from a field experiment in amateur soccer
Dur, R. A. J., Gómez‐González, C., & Nesseler, C. (2022) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2022.2071688 · Cited by 14
“…minorities are less likely to receive callbacks for interviews when applying for jobs (Bertrand and Duflo, 2017; Bertrand and Mullainathan, 2004; Kaas and Manger, 2012; Lancee, 2021; Oreopoulos, 2011; Pager et al., 2009; Quillian and Midtbøen, 2021; Riach and Rich, 2002; Thijssen et al., 2021;…”
Background
Somebody that I want to know: The non-monotonic effect of personality information on ethnic and gender discrimination in the market for shared housing
Moritz, R., & Manger, C. (2022) · Journal of Housing Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhe.2022.101842 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Discrimination in a deprived neighbourhood: An artefactual field experiment
Brit Grosskopf, A., & Pearce, G. K. (2017) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2017.05.016 · Cited by 13
“Alternatively, as suggested by List (2006), those who participated in the experiment may be more sensitive to experimental cues unaccounted for here.”
Background
Trickle‐Down Social Inclusion: The EU Minorities Agenda in Times of Crisis
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Reservation wages of first- and second-generation migrants
Constant, A. F., Krause, A., Rinne, U., & Zimmermann, K. F. (2016) · Applied Economics Letters · doi:10.1080/13504851.2016.1243203 · Cited by 13
“Potential explanations discussed in the literature are discrimination (Kaas and Manger 2012); missing ethnic capital (Borjas 1992) and human capital; segmented assimilation (Portes and Zhou 1993) and a taste for isolation (Blackaby et al. 2005).”
Turning Back to Turkey – Or Turning the Back to Germany? Remigration Intentions and Behavior of Turkish Immigrants in Germany between 1984 and 2011Preprint
Diehl, C., & Liebau, E. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2407987 · Cited by 13
Ethnic Discrimination in China's Internet Job Board Labor MarketPreprint
Maurer‐Fazio, M. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2164612 · Cited by 13
Gender Discrimination in Small Business Lending. Evidence from a Lab in-the-Field Experiment in TurkeyPreprint
Brock, J., & Haas, R. D. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3451337 · Cited by 13
Revisiting Migrant Networks
Keskiner, E., Eve, M., & Ryan, L. (2022) · IMISCOE research series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-94972-3 · Cited by 12
A systematic review of experimental evidence on interventions against bias and discrimination in organizations
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Intergenerational Social Mobility Among the Children of Immigrants in Western Europe: Between Socioeconomic Assimilation and Disadvantage
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Labour Market Disadvantages of Citizens with a Migration Background in Belgium: A Systematic Review
Devos, L., Lippens, L., Lens, D., Rycx, F., Volral, M., & Baert, S. (2024) · De Economist · doi:10.1007/s10645-024-09443-5 · Cited by 12
Anonymous job applications and hiring discrimination
IZA, G., & Rinne, U. (2015) · IZA World of Labor · doi:10.15185/izawol.48 · Cited by 29

Authors: Kaas, L., & Manger, C.
Affiliations: University of Konstanz (DE)
Corresponding author: Kaas, Leo
Manger, Christian
ORCID: Manger, Christian
Venue: German Economic Review
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Published: 2012-02-01
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-20
ISSN: 1465-6485 (ISSN-L)
1468-0475
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0475.2011.00538.x
OpenAlex: W1906367169
Cited by: 509
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 86.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 1308 d)
Locations: German Economic Review (publishedVersion)
KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords: ethnic discrimination, employment discrimination, correspondence test, name-based discrimination, callbacks, student internships, firm size, letters of recommendation, statistical discrimination, Germany

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Ethnic Discrimination in Germany’s Labour Market: A Field Experiment

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