Cited by 324Family and Disability Support ResearchDown syndrome and intellectual disability researchBehavioral and Psychological Studies

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Practitioner Review: Stress intervention for parents of children with intellectual disabilities

Hastings, Richard P., Beck, Alexandra·2004·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry

DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00357.x

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Parents of children with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk for stress and other mental health problems. The purpose of the present review is to consider the evidence base for psychological intervention to remediate stress in these parents. METHODS: A selective review of interventions designed to reduce stress in parents of children with intellectual disabilities, with a focus on group interventions that incorporate various cognitive behavioural techniques. RESULTS: Research evidence suggests that standard service models (e.g., respite care, case management) probably help to reduce parental stress. The strongest evidence base is for cognitive behavioural group interventions, especially for the reduction of stress in mothers. Some data also indicate the potential value of parent-led support networks. CONCLUSIONS: More research and clinical development are needed to establish a firmer evidence base for stress interventions with parents of children with intellectual disabilities. There are also a number of potential practical implications of reducing parental stress for maximising the efficacy of general parent training interventions and also behavioural programmes for children's challenging behaviours.

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Improved social skills in children with developmental delays after parent participation in MBSR: the role of parent–child relational factors
Lewallen, A. C., & Neece, C. L. (2015) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0116-8 · Cited by 56
“After providing an 8-week MBSR treatment course for parents of children with DD, Neece (2013) found that MBSR was not only efficacious in reducing overall parenting stress and depression, but that parents reported reductions in child behavior problems as well.”
BackgroundInfluential
Early Intervention Outcomes for Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Families
Noyes-Grosser, D. M., Elbaum, B. E., Wu, Y., Siegenthaler, K., Cavalari, R. N. S., Gillis, J. L., & Romanczyk, R. G. (2018) · Infants & Young Children · doi:10.1097/iyc.0000000000000121 · Cited by 56
“…of these children compared with families of children with other developmental disabilities (Dunn, Burbine, Bowers, & Tantleff-Dunn, 2001; Hastings, 2008; Hastings & Beck, 2004; Hastings & Brown, 2002; Romanczyk & Callahan, 2012), there is a need for outcome data specific to this subpopulation.”
Background
Coping and Psychological Health of Aging Parents of Adult Children With Developmental Disabilities
Piazza, V. E., Floyd, F. J., Seltzer, M. M., & Greenberg, J. S. (2014) · American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1352/1944-7558-119.2.186 · Cited by 54
“Alternative findings emerged in a review by Hastings and Beck (2004) of interventions designed to reduce stress for parents of children with intellectual disability.”
Cognitive Coping Strategies and Stress in Parents of Children With Down Syndrome: A Prospective Study
van der Veek, S., Kraaij, V., & Garnefski, N. (2009) · Intellectual and developmental disabilities · doi:10.1352/1934-9556-47.4.295 · Cited by 52
“Parents who experience more distress may be more likely to engage in maladaptive parenting behavior (Hastings & Beck, 2004).”
Background
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Parent Health Education About the Sexual Developments of Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities
Kök, G., & Akyüz, A. (2015) · Sexuality and Disability · doi:10.1007/s11195-015-9400-1 · Cited by 47
Psychometric properties of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, the Anxiety, Depression and Mood Scale, the Assessment of Dual Diagnosis and the Social Performance Survey Schedule in adults with intellectual disabilities
Rojahn, J., Rowe, E. W., Kasdan, S., Moore, L., & Ingen, D. J. V. (2011) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.07.035 · Cited by 46
Solution-focused Brief Therapy with Families Who Have a Child with Intellectual Disabilities: A Description of the Content of Initial Sessions and the Processes
Lloyd, H. M., & Dallos, R. (2006) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104506064982 · Cited by 46
“Hastings and Beck (2004) reviewed research on interventions to reduce stress in parents and concluded that, while respite packages and cognitivebehavioural therapy may reduce parents’ stress, more research and clinical developments are needed.”
Background
Health-related quality of life in fathers of children with or without developmental disability: the mediating effect of parental stress
Huang, Y., Chang, M.-Y., Chi, Y.-L., & Lai, F.-C. (2013) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-013-0469-7 · Cited by 46
Parent Education: What We Know and Moving Forward for Greatest Impact
Morris, A. S., Jespersen, J. E., Cosgrove, K. T., Ratliff, E. L., & Kerr, K. L. (2020) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12442 · Cited by 60
Cognitive Behavioural Group Treatment for Chinese Parents with Children with Developmental Disabilities in Melbourne, Australia: An Efficacy Study
Wong, F. K. D., & Poon, A. (2010) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048671003769769 · Cited by 41
Association Between Parenting Stress and Functional Impairment Among Children Diagnosed with Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Almogbel, Y. S., Goyal, R., & Sansgiry, S. S. (2017) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-017-0096-9 · Cited by 41
“In addition, several stress interventions provided can lead to improved stress outcomes (Hastings and Beck 2004).”
Background
Help-Seeking Process of Parents for Psychopathology in Youth With Moderate to Borderline Intellectual Disabilities
Douma, J. C. H., Dekker, M. C., de Ruiter, K. P., Verhulst, F. C., & Koot, H. M. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000230167.31246.db · Cited by 41
“He or she should know the signs of psychopathology, help to obtain professional help when needed, know where and what kind of help is provided, and mediate between parents and service providers ( Hastings and Beck, 2004 ).”
BackgroundInfluential
The experiences of parents of children living with disabilities at Lehlaba Protective Workshop in Sekhukhune district of Limpopo province
Tigere, B., & Makhubele, J. C. (2019) · African Journal of Disability · doi:10.4102/ajod.v8i0.528 · Cited by 38
“Parents of the children are left to suffer emotionally to this hostile society (Hastings & Beck 2004).”
Background
Early childhood predictors of mothers' and fathers' relationships with adolescents with developmental disabilities
Mitchell, D. B., & Hauser‐Cram, P. (2010) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01268.x · Cited by 45
The Longitudinal Effects of Network Characteristics on the Mental Health of Mothers of Children with ASD: The Mediating Role of Parent Cognitions
Benson, P. R. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2699-3 · Cited by 45
A survey of parental self‐efficacy experiences: maximising potential through health visiting and universal parenting support
Whittaker, K. A., & Cowley, S. A. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04074.x · Cited by 37
Support and Self-Efficacy Among Latino and White Parents of Children With ID
Cohen, S. R., Holloway, S. D., Domínguez-Pareto, I., & Kuppermann, M. (2014) · American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1352/1944-7558-120.1.16 · Cited by 39
Maternal parenting stress in families with a child with Angelman syndrome or Prader–Willi syndrome
Wulffaert, J., SCHOLTE, E. M., & van Berckelaer‐Onnes, I. A. (2010) · Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability · doi:10.3109/13668250.2010.499101 · Cited by 36
“It is still unclear whether mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disability perceive similar parenting stress levels, since the results are mixed (Hassall & Rose, 2005; Hastings & Beck, 2004; Olsson, 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI
Fakulta, P. (2013) · Cited by 35
Stress and burnout amongst professional carers of people with intellectual disability: another health inequity
White, P., Edwards, N., & Townsend, C. (2006) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.yco.0000238478.04400.e0 · Cited by 35
Psychological health of mothers caring for mentally disabled children in Qatar
Al‐Kuwari, M. G. (2007) · Neurosciences · doi:10.17712/1658-3183.1531 · Cited by 35
Effectiveness of Caregiver Training in Mindfulness-Based Positive Behavior Support (MBPBS) vs. Training-as-Usual (TAU): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Karazsia, B. T., Chan, J., & Winton, A. S. W. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01549 · Cited by 61
“Many change jobs because of psychological stress (Hastings and Beck, 2004) and burnout (Chung and Harding, 2009), Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 1 October 2016 | Volume 7 | Article 1549 or require therapy if they continue in their role of caregiving.”
Background
Définition d’un trouble grave du comportement chez les personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle.
Tassé, M. J., Sabourin, G., Garcin, N., & Lecavalier, L. (2010) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/a0016249 · Cited by 33
Intellectual disability
Simonoff, E. A. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118381953.ch54 · Cited by 34
The Impact on the Family of Four Neurogenetic Syndromes: A Comparative Study of Parental Views
Reilly, C. J., Murtagh, L., & Senior, J. (2015) · Journal of Genetic Counseling · doi:10.1007/s10897-015-9820-1 · Cited by 32
“Parents typically report more parenting stress and mental health problems, such as depression, than parents of children without such difficulties (Hastings and Beck 2004).”
Background
Identifying classes of persons with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning: a latent class analysis
Nouwens, P. J. G., Lucas, R., Smulders, N. B. M., Embregts, P. J. C. M., & van Nieuwenhuizen, C. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1426-8 · Cited by 32
Effects of Caregiver-Focused Programs on Psychosocial Outcomes in Caregivers of Individuals with ASD: A Meta-analysis
Yu, Y., McGrew, J. H., & Boloor, J. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04181-z · Cited by 31
Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs
Sartore, G., Lagioia, V., & Mildon, R. L. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010618 · Cited by 34
Stress in parents of children with autism participating in early and intensive behavioral intervention
Eikeseth, S., Klintwall, L., Hayward, D., & Gale, C. (2015) · European Journal of Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1080/15021149.2015.1066566 · Cited by 30
“The effect size for reduction in maternal stress was small, but comparable to previous findings (Hastings & Beck, 2004).”
BackgroundResult
Comparative effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction and psychoeducational support on parenting stress in families of autistic preschoolers
Neece, C. L., Fenning, R. M., Morrell, H. E., & Benjamin, L. R. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613231191558 · Cited by 30
“…used no-treatment, treatment-as-usual, or waitlist-control comparisons, which often do not account for nonspecific effects of provider contact (e.g. Gammon & Rose, 1991; Izadi-Mazidi et al., 2015; Mueller & Moskowitz, 2020 for reviews, see Da Paz & Wallander, 2017; Hastings & Beck, 2004).”
Background
Development of a Mindfulness-Based Coping with Stress Group for Parents of Adolescents and Adults with Developmental Disabilities
Lunsky, Y., Robinson, S., Reid, M., & Palucka, A. (2015) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-015-0404-9 · Cited by 31
“Evaluating such interventions for parents is crucial (e.g., Hastings and Beck 2004): if parents could manage their stress and cope better, this would allow them to support their adult children more effectively.”
Williams Syndrome: Daily Challenges and Positive Impact on the Family
Scallan, S., Senior, J., & Reilly, C. J. (2010) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/j.1468-3148.2010.00575.x · Cited by 30
Sources of Stress among Parents of Children with Intellectual Disabilities: A Preliminary Investigation in Saudi Arabia
Aldosari, M. S., & Pufpaff, L. A. (2014) · The Journal of Special Education Apprenticeship · doi:10.58729/2167-3454.1031 · Cited by 30
Behaviour problems and adults with Down syndrome: childhood risk factors
McCarthy, J. M. (2008) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01104.x · Cited by 29

Authors: Hastings, R. P., & Beck, A.
Affiliations: Bangor University (GB)
Corresponding author: Hastings, Richard P.
ORCID: Hastings, Richard P.
Venue: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2004-11
Volume: 45
Issue: 8
Pages: 1338-1349
ISSN: 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
1469-7610
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00357.x
OpenAlex: W1999748683
Semantic Scholar: fb7c8eef6f89891ece4e4757708feab9f7aa2691
Cited by: 324
References: 88
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 9.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1335 d)
Locations: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Keywords: parental stress, intellectual disability, parents of children with intellectual disabilities, psychological intervention, respite care, case management, mothers, parent training, behavioral problems
MeSH terms: Adult, Child, Depression, Humans, Intellectual Disability, Parents, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Stress, Psychological, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

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Practitioner Review: Stress intervention for parents of children with intellectual disabilities

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