Mindful Parenting Decreases Aggression and Increases Social Behavior in Children With Developmental Disabilities
Abstract
Research shows that after training in the philosophy and practice of mindfulness, parents can mindfully attend to the challenging behaviors of their children with autism. Parents also report an increased satisfaction with their parenting skills and social interactions with their children. These findings were replicated and extended with 4 parents of children who had developmental disabilities, exhibited aggressive behavior, and had limited social skills. After mindfulness training, the parents were able to decrease aggressive behavior and increase their children's social skills. They also reported a greater practice of mindfulness, increased satisfaction with their parenting, more social interactions with their children, and lower parenting stress. Furthermore, the children showed increased positive and decreased negative social interactions with their siblings. We speculate that mindfulness produces transformational change in the parents that is reflected in enhanced positive behavioral transactions with their children.
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Three recent evaluation studies of acceptance and mindfulness interventions with parents of children with developmental disabilities have shown significant promise.
“Three recent evaluation studies of acceptance and mindfulness interventions with parents of children with developmental disabilities have shown significant promise.”
From Psychological acceptance mediates the impact of the behaviour problems of children with intellectual disability on fathers' psychological adjustment. (2010) · cites this paper as Singh et al. 2007
Cites
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BackgroundMindfulness training for parents and their children with ADHD increases the children's compliance
Singh, N. N., Singh, A. N., Lancioni, G. E., Singh, J., Winton, A. S. W., & Adkins, A. D. (2010) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-009-9272-z · Cited by 215 · see citing works
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“Singh et al. (2007) replicated and extended these findings with parents of children with developmental disabilities.”
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“2006), reductions in parenting stress and positive transformations in their lives (Singh et al. 2007).”
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“2008), and reduce conduct problems (Singh et al. 2007) in youth.”
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“In additional research, parent training in mindfulness practices over a 12-week period was associated with decreases in aggressive behavior and parental-perceived improvements in mother–child interactions in children with developmental disabilities (Singh et al. 2007).”
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“2006) and other disabilities (Singh et al. 2007) with some success.”
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“…studies suggest that training in mindful parenting reduces parental stress, improves parent-adolescent relationship quality, and decreases child psychopathology symptoms and problem behaviors (Bögels et al. 2013; Coatsworth et al. 2010; Coatsworth et al. 2015; Singh et al. 2006, 2007, 2010).”
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“These may include increased client happiness and ability to learn, reduced levels of aggression, non-compliance, self-injury and injuries to carers and peers; as well as increased social and community integration (Singh, Lancioni, Winton, Fisher, et al., 2006; Singh et al., 2007; Singh et al., 2004).”
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“Moreover, Probst (2001) and Singh et al. (2007) also reported significantly improved levels of parent-child interaction and reduced family stress following their training sessions.”
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“In addition, several studies have suggested that mindful parenting may promote more positive psychosocial functioning of children and adolescents (Geurtzen et al. 2015; Parent et al. 2016; Singh et al. 2007) and that mindfulness-based parenting interventions may decrease children’s psychopathological problems and prom…”
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“Singh and his colleagues (Singh et al. 2006, 2007, 2010a, 2010b) reported in a series of single-subject design studies that mindfulness training for parents is associated with decreases in child aggression and noncompliance as well as parents’ reported satisfaction with their new parenting skills.”
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“Positive parenting behavior can reduce children’s behavior problems by indicating that parents are able to minimize aggression and develop the social skills of their children (Singh et al., 2007).”
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“Some PT courses based on ACT or other mindfulness-based approaches have already been implemented on parents of children with a psychiatric diagnosis, and they showed promising results (Blackledge and Hayes 2006; Minor et al. 2006; Murrell et al. 2009; Singh et al. 2006, 2007, 2010a, b, 2014).”
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“Singh et al. (2007) replicated and extended these findings with parents of children with IDD.”
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Mindfulness in the foreign language classroom: Influence on academic achievement and awareness
Zeilhofer, L. (2020) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168820934624 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Many studies have shown the link between mindfulness training and aspects of self-regulation, such as emotional regulation (Singh et al., 2007) and attention (Napoli, Krech & Holley, 2005).”
BackgroundNeece, C. L., Chan, N., Klein, K. P., Roberts, L. R., & Fenning, R. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1011-3 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Marital Quality and Families of Children with Developmental Disabilities
Hartley, S., Seltzer, M., Barker, E. T., & Greenberg, J. (2011) · International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386495-6.00001-1 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“…and behaviors in children with DD have been shown to be diagnostic specific, there is strong evidence that child functioning and behaviors are also influenced by parenting and the family environment (e.g., Baker, Smith, Greenberg, Seltzer, & Taylor, 2011; Hessl et al., 2001; Singh et al., 2007 ).”
Piquero, A., Farrington, D., Welsh, B. C., Tremblay, R., & Jennings, W. G. (2008) · Campbell Systematic Reviews · doi:10.4073/csr.2008.11 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Doing and Being: Mindfulness, Health, and Quiet Ego Characteristics Among Buddhist Practitioners
Wayment, H. A., Wiist, B., Sullivan, B. M., & Warren, M. (2010) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-010-9218-6 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Social Validity Assessment in Behavior Interventions for Young Children: A Systematic Review
Park, E.-Y., & Blair, K. (2019) · Topics in Early Childhood Special Education · doi:10.1177/0271121419860195 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Parent-Child Relationships and Well-Being
Suldo, S. M., & Fefer, S. A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6398-2_8 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Cheung, R. Y. M., Leung, S. S. W., & Mak, W. W. S. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01208-5 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Interpersonal Mindfulness Questionnaire: Scale Development and Validation
Khoury, B., Vergara, R. C., & Spinelli, C. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01855-1 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Mindfulness: Embodied and Embedded
Khoury, B. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0858-z · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“…2017), reduces parental stress, improves parent-adolescent relationship quality, and decreases child psychopathology symptoms and problem behaviors (Bögels et al. 2014; Coatsworth et al. 2015; Dehkordian et al. 2017; Meppelink et al. 2016; Singh et al. 2006a, 2007, 2010; Turpyn and Chaplin 2016).”
BackgroundParent Education: What We Know and Moving Forward for Greatest Impact
Morris, A., Jespersen, J. E., Cosgrove, K. T., Ratliff, E. L., & Kerr, K. L. (2020) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12442 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Mindfulness-Based Approaches and their potential for educational psychology practice
Davis, T. (2012) · Educational Psychology in Practice · doi:10.1080/02667363.2011.639348 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“It is therefore not surprising that mindfulness has been applied to parenting programmes (Singh et al., 2007) and could potentially be applied to teacher–pupil interaction.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDoes Effort Matter in Mindful Parenting?
Bluth, K., & Wahler, R. (2011) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0056-3 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationHarper, S. K., Webb, T. L., & Rayner, K. (2013) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445513476085 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Benefits of Mindfulness for Parenting in Mothers of Preschoolers in Chile
Corthorn, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01443 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“This findings were coherent with previous studies (Singh et al., 2007; Vieten and Astin, 2008; Duncan and Bardacke, 2010; Bögels et al., 2013; Perez-Blasco et al., 2013) and add more evidence regarding the importance of mindfulness interventions.”
BackgroundResultThe Influence of Self-Compassion on Mindful Parenting: A Mediation Model of Gratitude
Nguyen, T., Bui, T. L. T., Xiao, X.-X., & Le, V. (2020) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/1066480720950421 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Singh et al. (2007) has shown that parents who use mindfulness have increased satisfaction in their parenting skills, and reduced external behavior problems, which leads to improved social skills for their children.”
BackgroundA Dynamic Systems Approach to Understanding Mindfulness in Interpersonal Relationships
Skoranski, A. M., Coatsworth, J. D., & Lunkenheimer, E. S. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01500-x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Research has shown that mindfulness training for parents has an impact on children’s behavior, leading to reductions in aggression and increases in compliance among children with autism, developmental disabilities, and ADHD (Singh et al. 2006, 2007, 2010, 2019).”
BackgroundMindful parenting: future directions and challenges
Cowling, C., & Gordon, W. V. (2021) · International Journal of Spa and Wellness · doi:10.1080/24721735.2021.1961114 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Although mindful parenting skills are often taught to parents alone, there is growing evidence to suggest that the effects of mindful parenting spill over to the parents’ children (Beer et al., 2013; Singh et al., 2007; Thompson & Gauntlett-Gilbert, 2008).”
BackgroundMethodPotharst, E. S., Leyland, A., Colonnesi, C., Veringa‐Skiba, I. K., Salvadori, E., Jakschik, M. J., Bögels, S. M., & Zeegers, M. A. J. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01533-0 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“For parents experiencing high levels of stress, mindful parenting (MP) programs were developed (e.g., Bögels et al. 2014; Singh et al. 2007) to reduce parents’ stress, increase child emotion regulation, and promote parenting and the quality of the parent-child relationship (Bögels et al. 2010;…”
BackgroundRoberts, L. R., & Neece, C. L. (2015) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.3109/01612840.2015.1017063 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Lunsky, Y., Robinson, S., Reid, M., & Palucka, A. (2015) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-015-0404-9 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“…et al. 2010), parents of youth with behavioral problems (Bögels et al. 2008; Bögels et al. 2014), and, more recently, caregivers of children with IDD (Benn et al. 2012; Blackledge and Hayes 2006; Dykens et al. 2014; Ferraioli and Harris 2013; Neece 2014; Singh et al. 2006, 2007, 2010, 2014).”
InfluentialBader, S. H., Barry, T., & Hann, J. A. H. (2015) · Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1177/1088357614523065 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“In fact, this protocol has some similarities with parental mindfulness training, which also has been shown to lower maladaptive behaviors in children with an ASD in a pre–post study (Singh et al., 2007).”
BackgroundYang, W., Deng, J., & Wang, Y.-Y. (2021) · Child Psychiatry and Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-021-01168-9 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
- Authors
- Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Winton, A. S. W., Singh, J., Curtis, W. J., Wahler, R. G., & McAleavey, K. M.
- Affiliations
- ONE Research Institute,
- University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)
- Massey University (NZ)
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Una (IN)
- University of Rochester (US)
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
- Longwood University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Singh, Nirbhay N.
- Venue
- Behavior Modification
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2007-11
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 749-771
- ISSN
- 0145-4455 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-4167
- OpenAlex
- W2102718645
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 12.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavior Modification (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- mindful parenting, mindfulness training, aggression, social skills, developmental disabilities, autism spectrum disorder, parental stress, sibling interaction, parenting satisfaction
- MeSH terms
- Aggression, Attitude, Behavior Therapy, Child, Developmental Disabilities, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Sibling Relations, Social Behavior, Violence, Parenting
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