Cognitive behavioural therapy and mindfulness for stress and burnout: A waiting list controlled pilot study comparing treatments for parents of children with chronic conditions
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Parents of children with chronic conditions often experience a crisis with serious mental health problems for themselves as a consequence. The healthcare focus is on the children; however, the parents often worry about their children's health and future but are seldom offered any counselling or guidance. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of two group-based behavioural interventions on stress and burnout among parents of children with chronic conditions. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: After a waiting list control period (n = 28), parents were offered either a cognitive behavioural (CBT, n = 10) or a mindfulness program (MF, n = 9). RESULTS: Both interventions decreased significantly stress and burnout. The within-group effect sizes were large in both interventions (CBT, g = 1.28-1.64; MF, g = 1.25-2.20). CONCLUSIONS: Hence, the results of this pilot study show that treating a group using either CBT or mindfulness can be an efficient intervention for reducing stress levels and burnout in parents of children with chronic conditions.
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ACT is effective for improving HRQL in parents of children with chronic conditions, chronic pain, and anxiety.
“Empirical findings suggest that ACT is effective for improving HRQL in clinical samples of adults living with chronic illness such as IBD [13,14] and in parents of children with chronic conditions, chronic pain, and anxiety [11,15,16,17,18].”
From Online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Nutrition Workshop for Parents of Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Initial Effectiveness. (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
The Interventions section says the CBT programme included some exercises based on ACT, and the Results report reduced stress and burnout in parents of children with chronic conditions. The paper does not test ACT as a treatment or report improved HRQL; chronic pain and anxiety are mentioned as contextual examples or symptoms, not as demonstrated HRQL outcomes. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCognitive behavioural and mindfulness-based therapies are equally effective in reducing stress and burnout in parents of children with chronic conditions.
“Research has shown that cognitive behavioural and mindfulness-based therapies are equally effective in reducing stress and burn out in parents of children with chronic conditions [11].”
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Informal Mindfulness Practices: A New Approach to the Prevention and Treatment of Parental Burnout
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“Mindfulness-based programmes (e.g., mindfulness-based stress reduction, MBSR and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, MBCT) have shown their effectiveness in the reduction of stress, anxiety, pain, and depressive symptoms in both clinical and subclinical populations 20,21 .”
Five unsolved issues concerning burnout in athletes: An expert perspective
Pires, D. A., Isoard‐Gautheur, S., Madigan, D. J., Smith, A. L., & Gustafsson, H. (2024) · Sports Psychiatry · doi:10.1024/2674-0052/a000074 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Forthesereasons, recentrecommendations forinterven-tion have been based on reviews of literature outside of sport[ 62 ].”
MethodGroup Psychotherapy for Parents of Youth with Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome
Ellerkamp, H., Thienemann, M., Tinero, J., Shaw, R., Dowtin, L. L., Frankovich, J., & Borkovi, T. C. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-022-09926-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
From Burnout to Parental Burnout: How Does Caregiving Become a Burden?
Çakmak, S., & Arıkan, G. (2023) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1267097 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Igu, N. C. N., Onyishi, C. N., Amujiri, B. A., Binuomote, M. O., Modebelu, M. N., Okafor, I. P., Awe, B. A., Manafa, F. U., Obih, S. O., Eke, D. O., et al. (2023) · Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies · doi:10.1177/15480518231171748 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Burnout is also symptomized by emotional tiredness, cognitive fatigue, and chronic bodily weakness or physical fatigability (Anclair, et al., 2018).”
BackgroundImpact of burnout and spiritual well-being on caregiver burden in parents of children with cancer
Uğur, A. İ. A., & Tatu, M. K. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2025.06.016 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Maguluri, L. P., Vinya, V. L., Goutham, V., Maheswari, B. U., Kumar, B. K., Musthafa, A. S., Manikandan, S., Srivastava, S., & Munjal, N. (2023) · Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems · doi:10.3233/jifs-235058 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“[18]con-ductedawaitinglist-controlledpilotstudy.”
Swanson, S. E., Duijff, S., & Campbell, L. E. (2024) · Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s41252-023-00389-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Similarly, Anclair et al. (2018) found that parents of children with chronic disease or functional disability showed significant decreases in stress and burnout symptoms after participating in an eight-week structured mindfulness program based on MBSR and MBCT. Interestingly, ‘spill over’ effects…”
Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA)
Roskam, I., Bayot, M., & Mikolajczak, M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77644-2_81-1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Framed and Reframed! The Art of Using Cognitive Behavioral Techniques to Combat Burnout
Catanzano, T. M., Azizaddini, S., Clayton, M., Pham, T. X., Methratta, S. T., Fishman, M. D. C., Moser, F. G., & Dunnick, N. R. (2022) · Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology · doi:10.1067/j.cpradiol.2022.07.010 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Nurturing Parents”–Mindfulness-Based Parent Well-Being Group in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis
Harris, S. A., Harris, P. R., Lenton, J., Warde, C., Gold, E., Gane, T., & Seddon, P. C. (2021) · Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1037/cpp0000394 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Mindfulness-based parenting interventions show potential for improving parental resilience in Type Idiabetes(vanGampelaereetal.,2019),andparen-talstressandburnoutforamixedsampleofparents ofchildrenwithchronicdiseaseand/orfunctional disability(Anclairetal.,2018),buthavenotyet beenevaluatedforCF.”
Urbanowicz, A. M., Shankland, R., Rance, J. Y., Bennett, P. D., & Gauchet, A. (2024) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/10664807241286809 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of parental burnout interventions
Urbanowicz, A. M., Verger, N. B., Shankland, R., Rance, J. Y., Bennett, P. D., & Gauchet, A. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.121022 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Trajectories of Psychopathology Among Youth with Physical Illness
Dol, M., Browne, D. T., Perlman, C. M., & Ferro, M. A. (2025) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-025-01835-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rita, K., Shaikh, A., Tapas, K., Gulfisha, M., Kumat, O., & Ghosh, K. (2021) · International Journal of Homoeopathic Sciences · doi:10.33545/26164485.2021.v5.i1g.343 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Online Group Interventions in Reducing Parental Burnout in Mothers
Piotrowski, K., Sanna, K., Szramka-Pawlak, B., Kamza, A., Michałowski, J. M., Gutkowska-Maciejuk, A., Roskam, I., & Mikolajczak, M. (2025) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-025-03241-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…and cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques (CBT), either exclusively or combined with psychoeducation about parental stress and burnout (Brianda et al., 2020b), systemic theory methods (Lindström et al., 2016 ; Urbanowicz et al., 2023) or mindfulness (Anclair et al., 2018; Bayot et al., 2024).”
AÇÕES TERAPÊUTICAS PARA O TRATAMENTO DO BURNOUT PARENTAL: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
da Costa, R. F., Silva, A. V. S. E., & Feitosa, A. N. D. C. (2023) · Revista Foco · doi:10.54751/revistafoco.v16n4-045 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Integrative Body, Mind, and Spirit Interventions used with Parents in the Child Welfare System
Nowakowski-Sims, E. (2021) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-021-00388-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zin, M. S. M., Azman, A., Latiff, Z. A., & Loh, C. (2022) · Asian Social Work Journal · doi:10.47405/aswj.v7i1.197 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
СТОЛЯРИК, О., & Semigina, T. V. (2022) · SOCIAL WELFARE INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH · doi:10.15388/sw.2022.12.13 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Quando a exaustão se torna uma crise biológica: a fisiologia humana e a Síndrome de Burnout
Silvany, M. A. A., Ferreira, H. S., de Brito, A. P. A., Lago, C. D. C. L., & Rodrigues, E. D. (2025) · Caderno Pedagógico · doi:10.54033/cadpedv22n14-122 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
مصیری, ف. م., Taher, M., Moradi, S., & Motaghedifard, M. (2020) · Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health · doi:10.29252/jcmh.7.2.26 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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“Moreover, greater trait mindfulness is associated with resilience, positive affect, and adaptability (Anclair et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialRizanty, R., Fridani, L., & Marjo, H. K. (2021) · International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies · doi:10.29103/ijevs.v3i1.3162 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bayot, M., Brianda, M. E., Waillet, N. V. D. S., Mikolajczak, M., Shankland, R., & Roskam, I. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4495095 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Prévenir le burn out parental : le rôle de la pleine conscience
Shankland, R., Bayot, M., Roskam, I., & Mikolajczak, M. (2020) · La Revue de Santé Scolaire et Universitaire · doi:10.1016/j.revssu.2020.02.005
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Reduction of Burnout Syndrome in Health Workers through a Cognitive-Behavioural Model-Based Program
Fernández-Arata, M., la Cruz, G. C.-D., & Domínguez-Lara, S. (2022) · Psihologijske teme · doi:10.31820/pt.31.3.6
“The change in SB was similar to other studies where cognitive-behavioural treatment was applied (Anclair et al., 2017; Grensman et al., 2018), and while a direct comparison cannot be due to a difference in analytical approaches (those other studies are based on the comparison of group averages),…”
Urbanowicz, A. M., Shankland, R., Rance, J. Y., Bennett, P. D., Leys, C., & Gauchet, A. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4143679
Personal needs of parents who raise children with blindness or visual impairment
Argyropoulos, V., & Riga, K. (2023) · British Journal of Visual Impairment · doi:10.1177/02646196231170521
Adibi, Z., Shahidi, M. A., Rahnejat, A. M., & Jamaloui, H. R. (2023) · ̒Ulūm va funūn-i marzī · doi:10.61186/ieepj.5.2.180
“Research results aimed at the impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness on stress and burnout have shown that both therapies reduce stress and burnout (Anclair et al., 2018; Safikhani et al., 2021).”
The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Psychoeducation on Parental Psychology After Leukemia Diagnosis
Orak, O. S., Tunç, E., & Albayrak, C. (2024) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2024.2423063
“Studies conducted with parents having children with diseases or disabilities show that mindful-ness-based approaches have a positive effect on stress levels (Anclair et al., 2018; Bazzano et al., 2015; Tan et al., 2023).”
Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA)
Roskam, I., Bayot, M., & Mikolajczak, M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47219-0_81
The cognitive-behavioral group therapy on quality of life and job motivation in female teachers
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“[14] Motivation is crucial for success in educational settings, as it enables a teacher to approach their work with a dedication that helps achieve organizational goals.”
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Wang, B., Li, K., & Lin, Z. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-05644-8
“Individual-based cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to effectively reduce stress and burnout (Anclair et al., 2018; Korczak et al., 2012; von der Embse et al., 2019).”
Treating emotional pains in parents of children with hearing impairment
Aneke, A. O., Anyanwu, C. J., Ugwoezuonu, A. U., Ede, M. O., Oluka, B. N., Okoro, I. D., Egenti, N. T., Aniaku, O. L., Agbigwe, I. B., & Oneli, J. O. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000046076 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“These are supported by the findings of Anclair et al [8] and Anclair et al [9] that parents experience fear, burden, and shock due to health conditions and the future of their child with a disability.”
Qin, Z., Lan, J., He, H., Yin, J., & Wang, J. (2025) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-025-00552-4
Enfoques psicológicos en el manejo de enfermedades pediátricas crónicas: una revisión sistemática
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- Authors
- Anclair, M., Lappalainen, R., Muotka, J., & Hiltunen, A. J.
- Affiliations
- Karlstad University (SE)
- University of Jyväskylä (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Hiltunen, Arto J.
- Venue
- Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-08-29
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 389-396
- ISSN
- 0283-9318 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-6712
- OpenAlex
- W2753203461
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 2.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, parental stress, burnout, group intervention, parental mental health, waitlist control
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Parents, Pilot Projects, Stress, Psychological, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Caregivers, Mindfulness
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