Pulse Transit Time as an Indicator of Arterial Blood Pressure
Abstract
The relationship between pulse‐arrival times and diastolic blood pressure was measured in 10 anesthetized dogs. The pulse‐arrival time was measured using the R‐wave of the electrocardiogram (ECG) as a time reference. Pulse‐transit time was also measured between the carotid and femoral pulses. Blood pressure was raised with epinephrine injected intravenously and lowered with vagal stimulation. In all cases, pulse arrival and transit times decreased with an increase in diastolic pressure for diastolic pressures ranging from 15 to 250 mmHg. The correlation between pulse‐arrival time and pressure was poorest when the ECG was used as a timing reference. The best correlation was found with true pulse‐transit time and diastolic pressure. When pulse‐transit time was used to compute pulse‐wave velocity, it was found to increase nearly linearly with blood pressure. From 90–100 mmHg, the pulse‐wave velocity increased typically by slightly less than six percent.
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Pulse arrival time (PAT), defined as the time lapse between the ECG R peak and the corresponding PPG valley, is a direct correlate to systolic blood pressure.
“A key example is the measurement of pulse arrival time (PAT), defined by the time lapse between the maximum fiducial point in the ECG signal (R peak) and the corresponding minimal fiducial point in the PPG signal at valley as in Fig. 6H, as a direct correlate to systolic blood pressure (29 , 30).”
From Binodal, wireless epidermal electronic systems with in-sensor analytics for neonatal intensive care (2019) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Geddes, L. A., Voelz, M. H., Babbs, C. F., Bourland, J. D., & Tacker, W. A.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Corresponding author
- Geddes, L. A.
- Venue
- Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1981-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 71-74
- ISSN
- 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8986
- OpenAlex
- W2163704183
- Cited by
- 293
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- pulse transit time, arterial blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse arrival time, pulse wave velocity, epinephrine, vagus nerve stimulation, dogs
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Pressure, Dogs, Electrocardiography, Pulse
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