Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in Alzheimer's disease: old and new mechanisms of action
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cerebral deposits of β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) which are surrounded by inflammatory cells. Epidemiological studies have shown that prolonged use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduces the risk of developing AD and delays the onset of the disease. It has been postulated that some NSAIDs target pathological hallmarks of AD by interacting with several pathways, including the inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX) and activation of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ. A variety of experimental studies indicate that a subset of NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, indomethacin and sulindac also possess Aβ‐lowering properties in both AD transgenic mice and cell cultures of peripheral, glial and neuronal origin. While COX inhibition occurs at low concentrations in vitro (n M‐low μ m range), the Aβ‐lowering activity is observed at high concentrations (≤ 50 μ m). Nonetheless, studies with flurbiprofen or ibuprofen in AD transgenic mice show that the effects on Aβ levels or deposition are attained at plasma levels similar to those achieved in humans at therapeutic dosage. Still, it remains to be assessed whether adequate concentrations are reached in the brain. This is a crucial aspect that will allow defining the dose‐window and the length of treatment in future clinical trials. Here, we will discuss how the combination of anti‐amyloidogenic and anti‐inflammatory activities of certain NSAIDs may produce a profile potentially relevant to their clinical use as disease‐modifying agents for the treatment of AD.
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Multiple epidemiological studies show that anti-inflammatory drugs such as NSAIDs have a sparing effect on AD.
“Multiple epidemiological studies show that anti-inflammatory drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have a sparing effect on AD [108–110].”
From Tau and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: interplay mechanisms and clinical translation (2023) · cites this paper as [109]
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- Authors
- Gasparini, L., Ongini, E., & Wenk, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of Arizona (US)
- ORCID
- Gasparini, Laura
- Venue
- Journal of Neurochemistry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-09-17
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 521-536
- ISSN
- 0022-3042 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-4159
- OpenAlex
- W2082276462
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 139
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, amyloid-beta, neurofibrillary tangles, cyclooxygenase inhibition, PPARγ, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, indomethacin, sulindac, anti-amyloidogenic activity, neuroinflammation, disease-modifying therapy, transgenic mouse model
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Disease Models, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Neurons, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Neuroprotective Agents, PPAR gamma, Mice
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