Striatal Neuroinflammation Promotes Parkinsonism in Rats
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with unknown cause, but it has been suggested that neuroinflammation may play a role in pathogenesis of the disease. Neuroinflammatory component in process of PD neurodegeneration was proposed by postmortem, epidemiological and animal model studies. However, it remains unclear how neuroinflammatory factors contribute to dopaminergic neuronal death in PD. FINDINGS: In this study, we analyzed the relationship among inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-derived NO, mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic neurodegeneration to examine the possibility that microglial neuroinflammation may induce dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra. Unilateral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the striatum of rat was followed by immunocytochemical, histological, neurochemical and biochemical analyses. In addition, behavioral assessments including cylinder test and amphetamine-induced rotational behavior test were employed to validate ipsilateral damage to the dopamine nigrostriatal pathway. LPS injection caused progressive degeneration of the dopamine nigrostriatal system, which was accompanied by motor impairments including asymmetric usage of forelimbs and amphetamine-induced turning behavior in animals. Interestingly, some of the remaining nigral dopaminergic neurons had intracytoplasmic accumulation of alpha-synuclein and ubiquitin. Furthermore, defect in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and extensive S-nitrosylation/nitration of mitochondrial complex I were detected prior to the dopaminergic neuronal loss. The mitochondrial injury was prevented by treatment with L-N(6)-(l-iminoethyl)-lysine, an iNOS inhibitor, suggesting that iNOS-derived NO is associated with the mitochondrial impairment. CONCLUSIONS: These results implicate neuroinflammation-induced S-nitrosylation/nitration of mitochondrial complex I in mitochondrial malfunction and subsequent degeneration of the nigral dopamine neurons.
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Chronic neuroinflammation has been shown to increase α-synuclein deposition in various synucleinopathy animal models.
“Not only has chronic neuroinflammation been shown to increase α-synuclein deposition in various synucleinopathy animal models (51–56), but when these animals were treated with drugs to reduce neuroinflammation, α-synuclein neuropathology also decreased (57, 58).”
From LRRK2 mediates microglial neurotoxicity via NFATc2 in rodent models of synucleinopathies (2020) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Choi, D.-Y., Liu, M., Hunter, R. L., Cass, W. A., Pandya, J. D., Sullivan, P. G., Shin, E.-J., Kim, H.-C., Gash, D. M., & Bing, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Kangwon National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Bing, Guoying
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2009-05-08
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e5482
- ISSN
- 1756-0357 (ISSN-L)
- 1932-6203
- PMC
- PMC2674956
- OpenAlex
- W2086357928
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Precedings (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Nature Precedings (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ns039345-04)
- National Institute on Aging
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 044157, NS 39345, R01NS044157)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, neuroinflammation, microglia, dopaminergic neuron loss, substantia nigra, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, lipopolysaccharide, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial complex I, S-nitrosylation, alpha-synuclein, ubiquitin, nigrostriatal pathway, parkinsonism, motor impairment
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Cytoplasm, Dopamine, Drug Administration Routes, Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Mitochondria, Nerve Degeneration, Neurons, Nitrosation, Neostriatum, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Disease Progression, Parkinsonian Disorders, Ubiquitin, Electron Transport Complex I, Rats, alpha-Synuclein
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