Cited by 529Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsNeurological Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsInflammasome and immune disorders

Lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation as a bridge to understand neurodegeneration

Open access
Batista, Carla Ribeiro Alvares, Gomes, Giovanni Freitas, Candelario-Jalil, Eduardo, Fiebich, Bernd L., de Oliveira, Antonio Carlos Pinheiro·2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Abstract

A large body of experimental evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a key pathological event triggering and perpetuating the neurodegenerative process associated with many neurological diseases. Therefore, different stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are used to model neuroinflammation associated with neurodegeneration. By acting at its receptors, LPS activates various intracellular molecules, which alter the expression of a plethora of inflammatory mediators. These factors, in turn, initiate or contribute to the development of neurodegenerative processes. Therefore, LPS is an important tool for the study of neuroinflammation associated with neurodegenerative diseases. However, the serotype, route of administration, and number of injections of this toxin induce varied pathological responses. Thus, here, we review the use of LPS in various models of neurodegeneration as well as discuss the neuroinflammatory mechanisms induced by this toxin that could underpin the pathological events linked to the neurodegenerative process.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/ijms20092293

Cites

204 of 204 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Batista, C. R. A., Gomes, G. F., Candelario-Jalil, E., Fiebich, B. L., & de Oliveira, A. C. P.
Affiliations
  • Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
  • Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
  • Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
  • University of Freiburg (DE)
Corresponding author
Fiebich, Bernd L.
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-05-09
Volume
20
Issue
9
Pages
2293
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2944532057
Cited by
529
References
204
Citations by year
2026: 55 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 100 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 8
FWCI
5.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq - 424588/2016-1, CNPq - 309718/2015-5)
  • Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (CBB-APQ-02044-15)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
Keywords
lipopolysaccharide, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, neurodegenerative disease models, inflammatory mediators, route of administration
MeSH terms
Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, Nerve Degeneration, Nervous System, Neurodegenerative Diseases

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review