Cited by 448Eating Disorders and BehaviorsNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorMotivation and Self-Concept in Sports

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The relationship of yoga, body awareness, and body responsiveness to self-objectification and disordered eating.

Daubenmier, Jennifer J.·2005·Psychology of Women Quarterly

DOI 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00183.x

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Abstract

Study 1 tested whether yoga practice is associated with greater awareness of and responsiveness to bodily sensations, lower self-objectification, greater body satisfaction, and fewer disordered eating attitudes. Three samples of women (43 yoga, 45 aerobic, and 51 nonyoga/nonaerobic practitioners) completed questionnaire measures. As predicted, yoga practitioners reported more favorably on all measures. Body responsiveness, and, to some extent, body awareness significantly explained group differences in self-objectification, body satisfaction, and disordered eating attitudes. The mediating role of body awareness, in addition to body responsiveness, between self-objectification and disordered eating attitudes was also tested as proposed in objectification theory ( Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997 ). Body responsiveness, but not awareness, mediated the relationship between self-objectification and disordered eating attitudes. This finding was replicated in Study 2 in a sample of female undergraduate students. It is concluded that body responsiveness and, to some extent, body awareness are related to self-objectification and its consequences.

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“By improving body awareness, feelings, and thoughts, yoga facilitates the experience of body sensations in a nonjudgmental way [77].”
Background
An Overview of the Bodily Awareness Representation and Interoception: Insights and Progress in the Field of Neurorehabilitation Research
Parma, C., Doria, F., Zulueta, A., Lanzone, J., Boscarino, M., Giani, L., Lunetta, C., Vassallo, M., Parati, E. A., Picozzi, M., et al. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14040386 · Cited by 36
Yoga From the Mat Up: How words alight on bodies
Mcilwain, D., & Sutton, J. (2014) · Educational Philosophy and Theory · doi:10.1080/00131857.2013.779216 · Cited by 27
“In turn, it has until recently not been studied within psychology, even though evidence suggests that body-responsiveness in yoga is an antidote to the effects of self-objectification of the body (Daubenmier, 2005).”
Background
The treatment of compulsive physical activity in anorexia nervosa lacks a conceptual base
Davies, R. R. (2014) · Advances in Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/21662630.2014.892835 · Cited by 26
“However, there is an emerging consensus that supporting patients with AN in taking part in a pre-designed exercise programme may be beneficial, for example, it may increase general treatment tolerance (Daubenmier, 2005; Ng, Ng, & Wong, 2013; Thien, Thomas, Markin, & Birmingham, 2000; Tokumura, Yoshiba, Tanaka, Nanri,…”
Background
Is Women's Participation in Different Types of Yoga Classes Associated with Different Levels of Body Awareness Satisfaction?
Delaney, K., & Anthis, K. S. (2010) · International Journal of Yoga Therapy · doi:10.17761/ijyt.20.1.t44l6656h22735g6 · Cited by 26
Effect of yoga in the treatment of eating disorders: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial with 6-months follow-up
Karlsen, K. E., Vrabel, K. R., Bratland‐Sanda, S., Ulleberg, P., & Benum, K. (2018) · International Journal of Yoga · doi:10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_3_17 · Cited by 25
Greater gastric interoception is associated with more positive body image: Evidence from adults in Malaysia and the United Kingdom
Todd, J., Aspell, J. E., Barron, D. S., Toh, E. K. L., Zahari, H. S., Khatib, N. A. M., Laughton, R., & Swami, V. (2020) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.05.011 · Cited by 25
Is this what a female yogi looks like? A content analysis of yoga images on Instagram
Hinz, A., Mulgrew, K. E., Regt, T. D., & Lovell, G. P. (2020) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.11.003 · Cited by 25
When Health Is an Attitudinal Matter
Cipolletta, S., Consolaro, F., & Horváth, P. (2014) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167813507630 · Cited by 25
“, 2008; Gustafsson, Edlund, Kjellin, & Norring, 2010), and with higher level of body satisfaction and responsiveness (Daubenmier, 2005; Dittman & Freedman, 2009).”
Disordered eating through the lens of positive psychology: The role of embodiment, self-esteem and identity coherence
Voica, S. A., Kling, J., Frisén, A., & Piran, N. (2021) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.06.006 · Cited by 23
Psychotherapy approaches for adolescents with eating disorders
Varchol, L., & Cooper, H. (2009) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0b013e32832cbc6d · Cited by 24
A controlled trial of a yoga-based prevention program targeting eating disorder risk factors among middle school females
Cook‐Cottone, C. P., Talebkhah, K. S., Guyker, W. M., & Keddie-Olka, E. (2017) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2017.1365562 · Cited by 24
“Specifically, as the GGWB offered approximately 45 minutes per week of yoga practice, more exposure may be needed in order to have a more robust impact on something like body image or disordered eating risk (Cook-Cottone, 2013; Daubenmier, 2005).”
Background
Yoga Workshop Impacts Psychological Functioning and Mood of Women With Self-Reported History of Eating Disorders
Dale, L. P., Mattison, A. M., Greening, K., Galen, G. C., Neace, W. P., & Matacin, M. L. (2009) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640260903210222 · Cited by 24
“These results are in concord with previous research (Daubenmier, 2005; Lavey et al., 2005).”
Result
Gender and Cultural Diversity
Gill, D. L. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118270011.ch37 · Cited by 26
If It All Comes Down to Bodily Awareness, How Do We Know? Assessing Bodily Awareness
Mehling, W. E. (2020) · Kinesiology Review · doi:10.1123/kr.2020-0021 · Cited by 23
Relationships between interoceptive sensibility and resting-state functional connectivity of the insula in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Eng, G. K., Collins, K. A., Brown, C. S., Ludlow, M., Tobe, R. H., Iosifescu, D. V., & Stern, E. R. (2022) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhac014 · Cited by 27
Effectiveness of Rhythmic Movement Therapy for Disordered Eating Behaviors and Obesity
Malkina-Pykh, I. G. (2012) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n3.39422 · Cited by 23
“A lack of body awareness is one of several factors related to the development of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders (Daubenmier, 2005).”
Background
Are people who do yoga any better at a motor imagery task than those who do not?
Wallwork, S. B., Butler, D. S., Wilson, D., & Moseley, G. L. (2012) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091873 · Cited by 23
Characteristics of attention-related body sensations. Temporal stability and associations with measures of body focus, affect, sustained attention, and heart rate variability
Tihanyi, B., Ferentzi, E., & Köteles, F. (2017) · Somatosensory & motor research · doi:10.1080/08990220.2017.1384720 · Cited by 17
“The Body Responsiveness Questionnaire (BRQ) is a 7-item scale that measures responsiveness to bodily sensations using a 7-point scale (Daubenmier 2005; Tihanyi et al. 2017a, 2017b).”
Method
When looking ‘hot’ means not feeling cold: Evidence that self‐objectification inhibits feelings of being cold
Felig, R. N., Jordan, J. A., Shepard, S. L., Courtney, E. P., Goldenberg, J. L., & Roberts, T. (2021) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12489 · Cited by 22
The effects of a complex yoga-based intervention on healthy psychological functioning
Koncz, Á., Nagy, E., Csala, B., Körmendi, J., Gál, V., Suhaj, C., Selmeci, C., Bogdán, Á. S., Boros, S., & Köteles, F. G. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1120992 · Cited by 22
“In a cross-sectional study Daubenmier (2005) found higher body awareness in healthy adult women practicing yoga compared to aerobic exercisers and to those who did neither.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
A Test of Objectification Theory With Sexual Minority Women
Moradi, B., & Tebbe, E. A. (2022) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/03616843211052525 · Cited by 21
“We assessed interoceptive awareness with the 7-item Body Responsiveness Questionnaire (BRQ; Daubenmier, 2005), which assesses awareness and responsiveness to bodily sensations.”
BackgroundMethod
Improvements in Psychological Health Following a Residential Yoga-Based Program for Frontline Professionals
Trent, N. L., Miraglia, M., Dusek, J. A., Pasalis, E., & Khalsa, S. B. S. (2017) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000001216 · Cited by 21
“Yoga may promote healthy behaviors and outcomes through increased mind-body awareness, which enhances attention to endogenous cues that inform which behaviors promote healthy functioning,(64) and some evidence for this relationship exists.(92) In support of this hypothesis, we found that increased mindfulness from bas…”
Background
Disordered eating behaviours and correlates in yoga practitioners: a systematic review
Domingues, R. B., & Carmo, C. (2019) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-019-00692-x · Cited by 21
Use of nitrous oxide and oxygen for conscious sedation to manage pain and anxiety.
Ryding, H. A., & Murphy, H. J. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 21
Beyond Body Size: Focusing on Body Functionality to Improve Body Image Among Women Who Have Undergone Bariatric Surgery
Alleva, J. M., Atkinson, M. J., Vermeulen, W., Monpellier, V. M., & Martijn, C. (2022) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.06.007 · Cited by 20
Influence of Yoga on Body Image Satisfaction in Men
Flaherty, M. (2014) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/27.50.pms.119c17z1 · Cited by 20
A model-driven approach to studying dissociations between body size mental representations in anorexia nervosa
Moscone, A.-L., Amorim, M., Scanff, C. L., & Leconte, P. (2016) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.11.003 · Cited by 25
Verbal Cuing Is Not the Path to Enlightenment. Psychological Effects of a 10-Session Hatha Yoga Practice
Csala, B., Ferentzi, E., Tihanyi, B. T., Drew, R., & Köteles, F. G. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01375 · Cited by 20
“Regarding body awareness, studies reporting favorable outcomes (Daubenmier, 2005; Impett et al., 2006; Tihanyi et al., 2016b) investigated participants with previous yoga experience (i.e., on average 6 years and 2 months; 3 years 6 months), more frequent yoga practice (i.e., 4.96 h/week; 2.4…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Anxiolytic-like action in mice treated with nitrous oxide and oral triazolam or diazepam
Gries, D. A., Condouris, G. A., Shey, Z., & Houpt, M. I. (2005) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2004.07.028 · Cited by 20
Examining the Effects of Mindful Eating Training on Adherence to a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (the DELISH Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Mason, A. E., Saslow, L. R., Moran, P. J., Kim, S., Abousleiman, H., Hartman, A. R., Richler, R., Schleicher, S., Hartogensis, W., Epel, E. S., et al. (2018) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/11002 · Cited by 23
“…quality of life measure Promis-29 (29 items) [54] Self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness, over-identification Self-Compassion Scale Short Form (SCS-SF13; 12 items) [55] Responsiveness to bodily sensations Body Responsiveness Questionnaire (BRQ; 7 items) [56]”
Applying the S-ART Framework to Yoga: Exploring the Self-Regulatory Action of Yoga Practice in Two Culturally Diverse Samples
Roche, L. T., & Menon, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.585300 · Cited by 19
“Interoceptive awareness, or the awareness of bodily sensations and responsiveness to them, is one of the key abilities’ yoga practices have shown to enhance (Rani and Rao, 1994; Daubenmier, 2005; Impett et al., 2006).”
Background
Yoga at Every Size: A Preliminary Evaluation of a Brief Online Size-Inclusive Yoga and Body Gratitude Journaling Intervention to Enhance Positive Embodiment in Higher Weight College Women
Webb, J. B., Padro, M. P., Thomas, E., Davies, A. E., Etzel, L., Rogers, C. B., & Heredia, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Global Women's Health · doi:10.3389/fgwh.2022.852854 · Cited by 13
“Indeed, much like functionality-focused writing exercises (18), yoga practice was associated with lower self-objectification (4, 5, 7, 8, 37), higher health-related motivations for exercise engagement (37), higher levels of mindful eating (38), and aspects of embodiment (4, 7).”
Background
Feminism and Body Image
Smolak, L., & Murnen, S. K. (2007) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230596887_12 · Cited by 20
Testing the efficacy of yoga as a complementary therapy for smoking cessation: Design and methods of the BreathEasy trial
Bock, B. C., Rosen, R. K., Fava, J. L., Gaskins, R. B., Jennings, E., Thind, H. K., Carmody, J., DUNSIGER, S. I., Gidron, N., Becker, B. M., et al. (2014) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2014.06.003 · Cited by 19
“While yoga is associated with health benefits similar to standard exercise, yoga practice also aims to create a calm state of mind through a combination of physical postures, breathing techniques, and directed meditative/mindfulness focus [21,22].”
Background
Masculine body ideologies as a non-gynocentric framework for the psychological study of the male body
Rosenmann, A., & Kaplan, D. (2014) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.07.011 · Cited by 21
Female Questionnaire of Trait Self-Objectification: Initial Development and Validation in China
Ming-xia, W., & Lang, M. (2018) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-018-0972-y · Cited by 18
Effects of body shame on poor health decisions: The mediating role of body responsiveness
Lamont, J. M. (2019) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00528-y · Cited by 18
“Body responsiveness, or the detection and valuing of bodily feedback as a source of guidance, is an explicit measure of the valuing of bodily functions (Daubenmier 2005).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential

Authors: Daubenmier, J. J.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author: Daubenmier, Jennifer J.
ORCID: Daubenmier, Jennifer J.
Venue: Psychology of Women Quarterly
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2005-06
Volume: 29
Issue: 2
Pages: 207-219
ISSN: 0361-6843 (ISSN-L)
1471-6402
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00183.x
OpenAlex: W2138112477
Cited by: 447
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 18.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychology of Women Quarterly (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
Keywords: yoga, body awareness, self-objectification, disordered eating attitudes, body satisfaction, objectification theory, women, aerobic exercise

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The relationship of yoga, body awareness, and body responsiveness to self-objectification and disordered eating.

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