Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits extensive oxidative stress throughout the body, being detected peripherally as well as associated with the vulnerable regions of the brain affected in disease. Abundant evidence not only demonstrates the full spectrum of oxidative damage to neuronal macromolecules, but also reveals the occurrence of oxidative events early in the course of the disease and prior to the formation of the pathology, which support an important role of oxidative stress in AD. As a disease of abnormal aging, AD demonstrates oxidative damage at levels that significantly surpass that of elderly controls, which suggests the involvement of additional factor(s). Structurally and functionally damaged mitochondria, which are more proficient at producing reactive oxygen species but less so in ATP, are also an early and prominent feature of the disease. Since mitochondria are also vulnerable to oxidative stress, it is likely that a vicious downward spiral involving the interactions between mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contributes to the initiation and/or amplification of reactive oxygen species that is critical to the pathogenesis of AD.
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Oxidative and nitrosative stress are critical factors in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
“Oxidative and nitrosative stress are widely recognized as critical factors in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease (AD) and its earlier stage, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI).”
From Mitochondrial Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Alzheimer Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
Section 3 describes oxidative imbalance in MCI as an early feature of AD and links oxidative stress to AD pathogenesis and progression. Section 2.2 reports increased 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of peroxynitrite-mediated damage, in AD. The paper does not specify amnestic MCI or establish nitrosative stress as a critical factor in the pathogenesis and progression of both conditions. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMitochondrial damage in neurons is considered a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
“Mitochondrial damage in neurons is considered to be a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.33,35”
From Bacopa monnieri (L.) wettst. Extract protects against glutamate toxicity and increases the longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
Oxidative stress from mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in the early stage of AD.
“Oxidative stress from mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in the early stage of AD [7,8].”
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- Authors
- Wang, X., Wang, W., Li, L., Perry, G., Lee, H.-G., & Zhu, X.
- Affiliations
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Xinglong
- Zhu, Xiongwei
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-08
- Volume
- 1842
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1240-1247
- ISSN
- 0925-4439 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4007397
- OpenAlex
- W1968362444
- Cited by
- 1,357
- References
- 149
- Citations by year
- 2026: 87 · 2025: 103 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 131 · 2022: 165 · 2021: 163 · 2020: 135 · 2019: 133 · 2018: 103 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 27
- FWCI
- 5.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NS083385, AG031852)
- Alzheimer's Association (IIRG-10-173358, IIRG-10-173471)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species, aging, mitochondrial ATP production, pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress
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