Oxidative stress of the newborn in the pre‐ and postnatal period and the clinical utility of melatonin
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Abstract: Newborns, and especially those delivered preterm, are probably more prone to oxidative stress than individuals later in life. Also during pregnancy, increased oxygen demand augments the rate of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and women, even with normal pregnancies, experience elevated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation compared with nonpregnant women. Also, there appears to be an increase in ROS generation in the placenta of pre‐eclamptic women. In comparison with healthy adults, newborn infants have lower levels of plasma antioxidants such as vitamin E, β‐carotene, and sulphydryl groups, lower levels of plasma metal binding proteins including ceruloplasmin and transferrin, and reduced activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase. This review summarizes conditions of newborns where there is elevated oxidative stress. Included in this group of conditions is asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis and the review also summarizes the literature related to clinical trials of antioxidant therapies and of melatonin, a highly effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger. The authors document there is general agreement that short‐term melatonin therapy may be highly effective and that it has a remarkably benign safety profile, even when neonates are treated with pharmacological doses. Significant complications with long‐term melatonin therapy in children and adults also have not been reported. None of the animal studies of maternal melatonin treatment or in postnatal life have shown any treatment‐related side effects. The authors conclude that treatment with melatonin might result in a wide range of health benefits, improved quality of life and reduced healthcare costs and may help reduce complications in the neonatal period.
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Administration of melatonin reduces oxidative stress in newborn infants exposed to infection or fetal distress.
“it was shown that the administration of melatonin reduces oxidative stress in newborn infants exposed to infection or fetal distress,104”
From Autism risk factors: genes, environment, and gene-environment interactions (2012) · cites this paper as [104]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Gitto, E., Pellegrino, S., Gitto, P., Barberi, I., & Reiter, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Messina (IT)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reiter, Russel J.
- Venue
- Journal of Pineal Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-01-29
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 128-139
- ISSN
- 0742-3098 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-079X
- OpenAlex
- W2069866574
- Cited by
- 291
- References
- 183
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 2.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Pineal Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Keywords
- oxidative stress, neonates, preterm birth, melatonin, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant therapy, neonatal asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal sepsis, superoxide dismutase, ceruloplasmin, vitamin E, pregnancy, preeclampsia, placenta
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Asphyxia Neonatorum, Clinical Trials as Topic, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Melatonin, Placenta, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Free Radical Scavengers, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Sepsis
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