Cited by 1,431Reproductive System and PregnancyCOVID-19 Impact on ReproductionPreterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

REVIEW ARTICLE: The Immune System in Pregnancy: A Unique Complexity

Open access

Mor, Gil, Cardenas, Ingrid·2010·American Journal of Reproductive Immunology

DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00836.xPMC PMC3025805

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Citation Mor G, Cardenas I. The immune system in pregnancy: a unique complexity. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010 Placental immune response and its tropism for specific viruses and pathogens affect the outcome of the pregnant woman’s susceptibility to and severity of certain infectious diseases. The generalization of pregnancy as a condition of immune suppression or increased risk is misleading and prevents the determination of adequate guidelines for treating pregnant women during pandemics. There is a need to evaluate the interaction of each specific pathogen with the fetal/placental unit and its responses to design the adequate prophylaxis or therapy. The complexity of the immunology of pregnancy and the focus, for many years, on the concept of immunology of pregnancy as an organ transplantation have complicated the field and delayed the development of new guidelines with clinical implications that could help to answer these and other relevant questions. Our challenge as scientists and clinicians interested in the field of reproductive immunology is to evaluate many of the ‘classical concepts’ to define new approaches for a better understanding of the immunology of pregnancy that will benefit mothers and fetuses in different clinical scenarios.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00836.x

Cites

55 of 55 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon?
Wegmann, T. G., Lin, H., Guilbert, L., & Mosmann, T. R. (1993) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(93)90235-d · Cited by 2,852
Intrauterine infection and preterm delivery
Goldenberg, R. L., Hauth, J. C., & Andrews, W. W. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200005183422007 · Cited by 2,548
Decidual NK cells regulate key developmental processes at the human fetal-maternal interface
Hanna, J. H., Goldman‐Wohl, D., Hamani, Y., Avraham, I., Greenfield, C., Natanson‐Yaron, S., Prus, D., Cohen‐Daniel, L., Arnon, T. I., Manaster, I., et al. (2006) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1452 · Cited by 1,690
Regulatory T cells mediate maternal tolerance to the fetus
Aluvihare, V. R., Kallikourdis, M., & Betz, A. G. (2004) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1037 · Cited by 1,661
Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy
Desai, M., ter Kuile, F. O., Nosten, F., McGready, R., Asamoa, K., Brabin, B., & Newman, R. D. (2007) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(07)70021-x · Cited by 1,432
The preterm parturition syndrome
Romero, R., Espinoza, J., Kusanovic, J., Gotsch, F., Hassan, S., Erez, O., Chaiworapongsa, T., & Mazor, M. (2006) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01120.x · Cited by 1,419
Immunity to homologous grafted skin; the fate of skin homografts transplanted to the brain, to subcutaneous tissue, and to the anterior chamber of the eye.
Medawar, P. B. (1948) · PubMed · Cited by 1,084
Cytokines and CNS Development
Deverman, B. E., & Patterson, P. H. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.002 · Cited by 865
Interferon γ Contributes to Initiation of Uterine Vascular Modification, Decidual Integrity, and Uterine Natural Killer Cell Maturation during Normal Murine Pregnancy
Ashkar, A. A., Santo, J. P. D., & Croy, B. A. (2000) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.192.2.259 · Cited by 847
Maternal Alloantigens Promote the Development of Tolerogenic Fetal Regulatory T Cells in Utero
Mold, J. E., Michaëlsson, J., Burt, T. D., Muench, M. O., Beckerman, K., Busch, M. P., Lee, T., Nixon, D. F., & McCune, J. M. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1164511 · Cited by 840

Show all 55 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

Birnberg T, 2007, Dendritic cells are crucial for decidual development during embryo implantation, Am J Reprod Immunol, 57, 342
Mor G, 2007, Pregnancy reconceived, Nat Hist, 116, 36
Wegmann T, 1984, Fetal protection against abortion: is it immunosupression or immunostimulation?, Ann Immunol, 135, 309
Mor G, 2002, Immunology and Allergy Clinics, 545
Romero R, 2005, Novel aspects of neutrophil biology in human pregnancy, Am J Reprod Immunol, 53, 275
Cardenas I, 2009, Subclinical viral infection in pregnancy lead to inflammatory process at the placenta with non‐lethal fetal damage, Am J Reprod Immunol, 61, 397

Sorted by citations

Host Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Changes during Pregnancy
Koren, O., Goodrich, J. K., Cullender, T. C., Spor, A., Laitinen, K., Kling Bäckhed, H., Gonzalez, A., Werner, J. J., Angenent, L. T., Knight, R., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.07.008 · Cited by 2,165
Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age
Simon, A. K., Hollander, G. A., & McMichael, A. (2015) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.3085 · Cited by 1,796
A critical assessment of the “sterile womb” and “in utero colonization” hypotheses: implications for research on the pioneer infant microbiome
Perez-Muñoz, M. E., Arrieta, M.-C., Ramer-Tait, A. E., & Walter, J. (2017) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0268-4 · Cited by 1,096
Inflammation and pregnancy: the role of the immune system at the implantation site
Mor, G., Cardenas, I., Abrahams, V. M., & Guller, S. M. (2011) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05938.x · Cited by 1,111
Self-citation
The unique immunological and microbial aspects of pregnancy
Mor, G., Aldo, P., & Alvero, A. B. (2017) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2017.64 · Cited by 1,041
Self-citation
Pregnancy and Infection
Kourtis, A. P., Read, J. S., & Jamieson, D. J. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1213566 · Cited by 850
Maternal Immunological Adaptation During Normal Pregnancy
Abu-Raya, B., Michalski, C., Sadarangani, M., & Lavoie, P. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.575197 · Cited by 705
Microbial Changes during Pregnancy, Birth, and Infancy
Nuriel‐Ohayon, M., Neuman, H., & Koren, O. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01031 · Cited by 647
Viral Infections During Pregnancy
Silasi, M., Cardenas, I., Kwon, J., Racicot, K. E., Aldo, P. B., & Mor, G. (2015) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.12355 · Cited by 516
Self-citation
Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Sterile Intra-amniotic Inflammation in Patients with Preterm Labor and Intact Membranes
Romero, R. J., Miranda, J., Chaiworapongsa, T., Korzeniewski, S. J., Chaemsaithong, P., Gotsch, F., Dong, Z., Ahmed, A. I., Yoon, B. H., Hassan, S. S., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.12296 · Cited by 495
Gestational diabetes is associated with change in the gut microbiota composition in third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum
Crusell, M. K. W., Hansen, T. H., Nielsen, T., Allin, K. H., Rühlemann, M. C., Damm, P., Vestergaard, H., Rørbye, C., Jørgensen, N. R., Christiansen, O. B., et al. (2018) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0472-x · Cited by 480
The Role of Placental Hormones in Mediating Maternal Adaptations to Support Pregnancy and Lactation
Napso, T., Yong, H. E. J., Lopez-Tello, J., & Sferruzzi-Perri, A. N. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01091 · Cited by 470
A systematic scoping review of COVID‐19 during pregnancy and childbirth
Elshafeey, F., Magdi, R., Hindi, N., Elshebiny, M., Farrag, N., Mahdy, S., Sabbour, M., Gebril, S., Nasser, M. F., Kamel, M., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.13182 · Cited by 408
Iron deficiency and heart failure: diagnostic dilemmas and therapeutic perspectives
Jankowska, E. A., von Haehling, S., Anker, S. D., Macdougall, I. C., & Ponikowski, P. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs224 · Cited by 399
Obesity ‑ a risk factor for increased COVID‑19 prevalence, severity and lethality (Review)
Petrakis, D., Margina, D. M., Tsarouhas, K., Tekos, F., Stan, M., Nikitovic, D., Kouretas, D., Spandidos, D. A., & Tsatsakis, A. M. (2020) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11127 · Cited by 396
Microbial Vertical Transmission during Human Pregnancy
Arora, N., Sadovsky, Y., Dermody, T. S., & Coyne, C. B. (2017) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.04.007 · Cited by 384
Maternal and Fetal Outcomes Among Pregnant Women With Human Monkeypox Infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Kingebeni, P. M., Huggins, J. W., Riu-Rovira, T., Ahuka, S. M., Mulembakani, P. M., Rimoin, A. W., Martin, J. W., & Muyembe, J. (2017) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jix260 · Cited by 379
Epidemiology and Immune Pathogenesis of Viral Sepsis
Lin, G.-L., McGinley, J. P., Drysdale, S. B., & Pollard, A. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02147 · Cited by 351
Inflammation in rat pregnancy inhibits spiral artery remodeling leading to fetal growth restriction and features of preeclampsia
Cotechini, T., Komisarenko, M., Sperou, A., Macdonald-Goodfellow, S. K., Adams, M. A., & Graham, C. H. (2014) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20130295 · Cited by 343
Understanding the Complexity of the Immune System during Pregnancy
Racicot, K. E., Kwon, J., Aldo, P. B., Silasi, M., & Mor, G. (2014) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.12289 · Cited by 348
Self-citation
Analysis of matrix metalloproteinases, especially MMP‐8, in gingival crevicular fluid, mouthrinse and saliva for monitoring periodontal diseases
Sorsa, T. A., Gürsoy, U. K., Nwhator, S. O., Hernández, M., Tervahartiala, T. I., Leppilahti, J. M., Gürsoy, M., Könönen, E., Emingil, G., Pussinen, P. J., et al. (2015) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12101 · Cited by 319
Connections between the human gut microbiome and gestational diabetes mellitus
Kuang, Y., Lu, J., Li, S., Li, J., Yuan, M., He, J., Chen, N., Xiao, W., Shen, S., Qiu, L., et al. (2017) · GigaScience · doi:10.1093/gigascience/gix058 · Cited by 322
REVIEW ARTICLE: Toll‐Like Receptors at the Maternal–Fetal Interface in Normal Pregnancy and Pregnancy Disorders
Koga, K., & Mor, G. (2010) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00848.x · Cited by 288
Self-citation
Inflammation: A Proposed Intermediary Between Maternal Stress and Offspring Neuropsychiatric Risk
Hantsoo, L., Kornfield, S., Anguera, M. C., & Epperson, C. N. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.08.018 · Cited by 269
Invited review: The influence of immune activation on transition cow health and performance—A critical evaluation of traditional dogmas
Horst, E. A., Kvidera, S. K., & Baumgard, L. H. (2021) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2021-20330 · Cited by 287
Pathogens and the placental fortress
Robbins, J. R., & Bakardjiev, A. I. (2011) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.mib.2011.11.006 · Cited by 264
Sex-related factors in multiple sclerosis susceptibility and progression
Voskuhl, R. R., & Gold, S. M. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2012.43 · Cited by 262
Human fetal dendritic cells promote prenatal T-cell immune suppression through arginase-2
McGovern, N. N., Shin, A., Low, G., Low, D., Duan, K., Yao, L. J., Msallam, R., Low, I., Shadan, N. B., Sumatoh, H., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature22795 · Cited by 253
The influence of pregnancy on systemic immunity
Pazos, M. A., SPERLING, R. S., Moran, T. M., & Kraus, T. (2012) · Immunologic Research · doi:10.1007/s12026-012-8303-9 · Cited by 256
Outcomes of Neonates Born to Mothers With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection at a Large Medical Center in New York City
Dumitriu, D., Emeruwa, U. N., Hanft, E., Liao, G. V., Ludwig, E., Walzer, L., Arditi, B., Saslaw, M., Andrikopoulou, M., Scripps, T., et al. (2020) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.4298 · Cited by 246
Innate and adaptive immunity at mucosal surfaces of the female reproductive tract: stratification and integration of immune protection against the transmission of sexually transmitted infections
Hickey, D. K., Patel, M. V., Fahey, J. V., & Wira, C. R. (2011) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jri.2011.01.005 · Cited by 238
Mechanisms of Key Innate Immune Cells in Early- and Late-Onset Preeclampsia
Aneman, I., Pienaar, D., Suvakov, S. R., Simic, T. P., Garovic, V. D., & McClements, L. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01864 · Cited by 239
Inflammation and nutritional science for programs/policies and interpretation of research evidence (INSPIRE)
Raiten, D. J., Ashour, F. A. S., Ross, A. C., Meydani, S. N., Dawson, H. D., Stephensen, C. B., Brabin, B. J., Suchdev, P. S., & van Ommen, B. (2015) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.114.194571 · Cited by 234
Gut Microbiota and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Host-Gut Microbiota Interactions and Their Therapeutic Potential
Hasain, Z., Mokhtar, N. M., Kamaruddin, N. A., Ismail, N. A. M., Razalli, N. H., Gnanou, J. V., & Ali, R. A. R. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00188 · Cited by 241
Inflammation in Complicated Pregnancy and Its Outcome
Kalagiri, R. R., Carder, T., Choudhury, S., Vora, N., Ballard, A. R., Govande, V. P., Drever, N. N., Beeram, M., & Uddin, M. N. (2016) · American Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1055/s-0036-1582397 · Cited by 226
Characterizing the Pregnancy Immune Phenotype: Results of the Viral Immunity and Pregnancy (VIP) Study
Kraus, T., Engel, S. M., SPERLING, R. S., Kellerman, L., Lo, Y., Wallenstein, S. R., Escribese, M. M., Garrido, J. L. V., Singh, T., Loubeau, M., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1007/s10875-011-9627-2 · Cited by 220
Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Mediators and Disease Biomarkers across Biological Barriers
Simeone, P., Bologna, G., Lanuti, P., Pierdomenico, L., Guagnano, M. T., Pieragostino, D., Boccio, P. D., Vergara, D., Marchisio, M., Miscia, S., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21072514 · Cited by 221
Physiologic Uterine Inflammation and Labor Onset: Integration of Endocrine and Mechanical Signals
Shynlova, O. P., Lee, Y.-H., Srikhajon, K., & Lye, S. J. (2012) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719112446084 · Cited by 211
Microbial Succession in the Gut: Directional Trends of Taxonomic and Functional Change in a Birth Cohort of Spanish Infants
Vallès, Y., Artacho, A., Pascual‐García, A., Ferrús, M. L., Gosalbes, M. J., Abellan, J. J., & Francino, M. P. (2014) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004406 · Cited by 217
Pregnancy Complications and Cardiovascular Disease Death
Cirillo, P. M., & Cohn, B. A. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.003901 · Cited by 203
Small for gestational age: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of maternal immunisation safety data
Schlaudecker, E. P., Muñoz, F. M., Bardají, A., Boghossian, N. S., Khalil, A. A., Mousa, H., Nesin, M., Nisar, M. I., Pool, V., Spiegel, H. M. L., et al. (2017) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.040 · Cited by 205
The vaginal microbiome of pregnant women is less rich and diverse, with lower prevalence of Mollicutes, compared to non-pregnant women
Freitas, A. C., Chaban, B. L., Bocking, A. D., Rocco, M., Yang, S., Hill, J. E., Money, D., Hemmingsen, S. M., Reid, G., Dumonceaux, T., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07790-9 · Cited by 198
Multifunctional Role of S100 Protein Family in the Immune System: An Update
Singh, P., & Ali, S. A. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11152274 · Cited by 204
Maternal COVID-19 infection, clinical characteristics, pregnancy, and neonatal outcome: A prospective cohort study
Antoun, L., Eltaweel, N. A., Ahmed, I., Patni, S., & Honest, H. (2020) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.008 · Cited by 189
Viral Infection of the Pregnant Cervix Predisposes to Ascending Bacterial Infection
Racicot, K. E., Cardenas, I., Wünsche, V., Aldo, P. B., Guller, S. M., Means, R. E., Romero, R. J., & Mor, G. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1300661 · Cited by 186
Self-citation
Zika Virus Targeting in the Developing Brain
van den Pol, A. N., Mao, G., Yang, Y., Ornaghi, S., & Davis, J. N. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3124-16.2017 · Cited by 178
COVID-19 in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Capobianco, G., Saderi, L., Aliberti, S., Mondoni, M., Piana, A., Dessole, F., Dessole, M., Cherchi, P., Dessole, S., & Sotgiu, G. (2020) · European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.006 · Cited by 127
Analysis of the susceptibility to COVID-19 in pregnancy and recommendations on potential drug screening
Zhao, X., Jiang, Y., Zhao, Y., Xi, H., Liu, C., Qu, F., & Feng, X. (2020) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/s10096-020-03897-6 · Cited by 178
Is pregnancy a risk factor of COVID-19?
Phoswa, W. N., & Khaliq, O. P. (2020) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.06.058 · Cited by 173
Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Brain Development and Its Association With Neurodevelopmental Psychiatric Disorders
Dash, S., Syed, Y. A., & Khan, M. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.880544 · Cited by 193
Immune Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Do We Know about It?
Robinson-Agramonte, M. D. L. A., Noris García, E., Fraga Guerra, J., Vega Hurtado, Y., Antonucci, N., Semprún-Hernández, N., Schultz, S., & Siniscalco, D. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23063033 · Cited by 176
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Pregnancy
Aguin, T., & Sobel, J. D. (2015) · Current Infectious Disease Reports · doi:10.1007/s11908-015-0462-0 · Cited by 166
The Immunomodulatory Role of Syncytiotrophoblast Microvesicles
Southcombe, J. H., Tannetta, D., Redman, C. W. G., & SARGENT, I. L. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020245 · Cited by 164
Infections and Pregnancy: Effects on Maternal and Child Health
Kumar, M., Saadaoui, M., & Khodor, S. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.873253 · Cited by 173
Fever and sickness behavior: Friend or foe?
Harden, L. M., Kent, S., Pittman, Q. J., & Roth, J. (2015) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.012 · Cited by 161
Natural killer cells and regulatory T cells in early pregnancy loss
Sharma, S. (2014) · The International Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1387/ijdb.140109ss · Cited by 158
The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in macrophage differentiation and function during pregnancy
Zhang, Y., Ma, L., Hu, X., Ji, J., Mor, G., & Liao, A. (2018) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dey347 · Cited by 155
Self-citation
The Role of Arachidonic and Linoleic Acid Derivatives in Pathological Pregnancies and the Human Reproduction Process
Szczuko, M., Kikut, J., Komorniak, N., Bilicki, J., Celewicz, Z., & Ziętek, M. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21249628 · Cited by 156
The maternal immune system during pregnancy and its influence on fetal development
Morelli, S. S., Mandal, M., Goldsmith, L. T., Kashani, B. N., & Ponzio, N. M. (2015) · Research and Reports in Biology · doi:10.2147/rrb.s80652 · Cited by 165
Crosstalk Between Female Gonadal Hormones and Vaginal Microbiota Across Various Phases of Women’s Gynecological Lifecycle
Kaur, H., Merchant, M., Haque, M. M., & Mande, S. S. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00551 · Cited by 159
Evidence for a Role for the Adaptive Immune Response in Human Term Parturition
Gomez‐Lopez, N., Vega‐Sánchez, R., Castillo‐Castrejón, M., Romero, R. J., Cubeiro‐Arreola, K., & Vadillo‐Ortega, F. (2013) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.12074 · Cited by 149
Inflammation and kynurenine pathway dysregulation in post-partum women with severe and suicidal depression
Achtyes, E. D., Keaton, S. A., Smart, L., Burmeister, A. R., Heilman, P. L., Krzyżanowski, S., Nagalla, M., Guillemin, G. J., Galvis, M. L. E., Lim, C. K., et al. (2019) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.10.017 · Cited by 147
The Pivotal Role of the Placenta in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies: A Focus on Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Maternal Chronic Venous Disease
Ortega, M. A., Fraile‐Μartinez, O., Montero, C. G., Sáez, M. A., Álvarez-Mon, M. Á., Torres‐Carranza, D., Álvarez‐Mon, M., Buján, J., García‐Honduvilla, N., Bravo, C., et al. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11030568 · Cited by 163
Innate Immunity in the Human Female Reproductive Tract: Endocrine Regulation of Endogenous Antimicrobial Protection Against HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections
Wira, C. R., Patel, M. V., Ghosh, M., Mukura, L. R., & Fahey, J. V. (2011) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.00970.x · Cited by 151
Impact of prior flavivirus immunity on Zika virus infection in rhesus macaques
McCracken, M. K., Gromowski, G. D., Friberg, H., Lin, X., Abbink, P., Barrera, R. A. D. L., Eckles, K. H., Garver, L. S., Boyd, M. B., Jetton, D., et al. (2017) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006487 · Cited by 144
Maternal immunization: where are we now and how to move forward?
Vojtek, I., Dieussaert, I., Doherty, T. M., Franck, V., Hanssens, L., Miller, J. M., Bekkat-Berkani, R., Kandeil, W., Prado-Cohrs, D., & Vyse, A. (2018) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2017.1421320 · Cited by 139
Placental Viral Infection Sensitizes to Endotoxin-Induced Pre-Term Labor: A Double Hit Hypothesis
Cardenas, I., Mor, G., Aldo, P. B., Lang, S. M., Stabach, P. R., Sharp, A., Romero, R. J., Mazaki‐Tovi, S., Gervasi, M.-T., & Means, R. E. (2010) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00908.x · Cited by 135
Self-citation
Healthy Vaginal Microbiota and Influence of Probiotics Across the Female Life Span
Lehtoranta, L., Ala‐Jaakkola, R., Laitila, A., & Maukonen, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.819958 · Cited by 146
Immunity and Inflammation in the Uterus
Turner, M. L., Healey, G. D., & Sheldon, I. M. (2012) · Reproduction in Domestic Animals · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02104.x · Cited by 134
The Immune System and the Role of Inflammation in Perinatal Depression
Leff, P., Mancilla‐Herrera, I., Flores‐Ramos, M., Cruz-Fuentes, C. S., Reyes‐Grajeda, J. P., García-Cuétara, M. D. P., Bugnot-Pérez, M. D., & Pulido-Ascencio, D. E. (2016) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-016-0048-3 · Cited by 135
Mother-to-Child HTLV-1 Transmission: Unmet Research Needs
Rosadas, C., & Taylor, G. P. (2019) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00999 · Cited by 135
Biology and pathology of the uterine microenvironment and its natural killer cells
Wang, F., Qualls, A., Marques-Fernandez, L., & Colucci, F. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-021-00739-z · Cited by 139
The long and short term effects of motherhood on the brain
Duarte‐Guterman, P., Leuner, B., & Galea, L. A. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.02.004 · Cited by 140
Early life events influence whole-of-life metabolic health via gut microflora and gut permeability
Kerr, C. A., Grice, D. M., Tran, C. D., Bauer, D. C., Li, D., Hendry, P. L., & Hannan, G. N. (2014) · Critical Reviews in Microbiology · doi:10.3109/1040841x.2013.837863 · Cited by 129
Differentiation and functional regulation of human fetal NK cells
Ivarsson, M. A., Loh, L., Marquardt, N., Kekäläinen, E., Berglin, L., Björkström, N. K., Westgren, M., Nixon, D. F., & Michaëlsson, J. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci68989 · Cited by 125
Maternal Serum Cytokine Concentrations in Healthy Pregnancy and Preeclampsia
Spence, T., Allsopp, P. J., Yeates, A. J., Mulhern, M. S., Strain, J., & McSorley, E. M. (2021) · Journal of Pregnancy · doi:10.1155/2021/6649608 · Cited by 123
Maternal anxiety, depression and stress affects offspring gut microbiome diversity and bifidobacterial abundances
Galley, J. D., Mashburn‐Warren, L., Blalock, L. C., Lauber, C. L., Carroll, J., Ross, K. M., Hobel, C. J., Coussons‐Read, M. E., Schetter, C. D., & Gur, T. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.005 · Cited by 128
Multimodal Regulation of NET Formation in Pregnancy: Progesterone Antagonizes the Pro-NETotic Effect of Estrogen and G-CSF
Giaglis, S., Stoikou, M., Chowdhury, C. S., Schaefer, G., Grimolizzi, F., Rossi, S. W., Hoesli, I. M., Lapaire, O., Hasler, P., & Hahn, S. (2016) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00565 · Cited by 127
COVID‐19 in pregnancy: Placental and neonatal involvement
Prochaska, E. C., Jang, M., & Burd, I. D. (2020) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.13306 · Cited by 119
Diversity of Vaginal Microbiome in Pregnancy: Deciphering the Obscurity
Gupta, P., Singh, M. P., & Goyal, K. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00326 · Cited by 124
Extracellular vesicles and their immunomodulatory functions in pregnancy
Nair, S., & Salomón, C. (2018) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-018-0680-2 · Cited by 123
Cytokine Patterns in Maternal Serum From First Trimester to Term and Beyond
Jarmund, A. H., Giskeødegård, G. F., Ryssdal, M., Steinkjer, B., Stokkeland, L. M. T., Madssen, T. S., Stafne, S. N., Stridsklev, S., Moholdt, T. T., Heimstad, R., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.752660 · Cited by 126
Metabolic Syndrome During Perinatal Period in Sows and the Link With Gut Microbiota and Metabolites
Cheng, C., Wei, H., Yu, H., Xu, C., Jiang, S., & Peng, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01989 · Cited by 115
Monocytes and macrophages in pregnancy: The good, the bad, and the ugly*
True, H., Blanton, M. B., Sureshchandra, S., & Messaoudi, I. (2022) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13080 · Cited by 115
Bidirectional psychoneuroimmune interactions in the early postpartum period influence risk of postpartum depression
Corwin, E. J., PAJER, K. A., Paul, S., Lowe, N. K., Weber, M., & McCarthy, D. O. (2015) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.04.012 · Cited by 112
The Placenta as a Barrier to Viral Infections
Delorme‐Axford, E., Sadovsky, Y., & Coyne, C. B. (2014) · Annual Review of Virology · doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-031413-085524 · Cited by 115
Adaptive Immune Responses to Zika Virus Are Important for Controlling Virus Infection and Preventing Infection in Brain and Testes
Winkler, C. W., Myers, L. M., Woods, T. A., Messer, R. J., Carmody, A., McNally, K. L., Scott, D. P., Hasenkrug, K. J., Best, S. M., & Peterson, K. E. (2017) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1601949 · Cited by 112
Multicenter Systems Analysis of Human Blood Reveals Immature Neutrophils in Males and During Pregnancy
Blažková, J., Gupta, S., Liu, Y., Gaudilliere, B. L., Ganio, E. A., Bolen, C. R., Dover, R. S., Fragiadakis, G. K., Angst, M. S., Hasni, S., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1601855 · Cited by 113
Melatonin: the placental antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
Joseph, T. T., Schuch, V., Hossack, D. J., Chakraborty, R., & Johnson, E. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339304 · Cited by 143
Placental Protein 13 (PP13) – A Placental Immunoregulatory Galectin Protecting Pregnancy
Than, N. G., Balogh, A., Romero, R. J., KÃ¡rpÃ¡ti, Ã., Erez, O., Szilágyi, A., Kovalszky, I., Sammar, M., Gizurarson, S. S., Matkó, J., et al. (2014) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00348 · Cited by 113
Mechanisms of immune regulation by the placenta: Role of type I interferon and interferon‐stimulated genes signaling during pregnancy*
Ding, J., Maxwell, A. J., Adzibolosu, N. K., Hu, A., You, Y., Liao, A., & Mor, G. (2022) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13077 · Cited by 124
Self-citation
The roles of the immune system in Women's reproduction: Evolutionary constraints and life history trade‐offs
Abrams, E. T., & Miller, E. M. (2011) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.21621 · Cited by 109
Vitamin D in pregnancy: Where we are and where we should go
Kiely, M. E., Wagner, C. L., & Roth, D. E. (2020) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105669 · Cited by 107
Determinants of cortisol during pregnancy – The ABCD cohort
Bleker, L. S., Roseboom, T. J., Vrijkotte, T. G. M., Reynolds, R. M., & de Rooij, S. R. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.05.026 · Cited by 115
Estrogen signaling impacts temporomandibular joint and periodontal disease pathology
Robinson, J. L., Johnson, P. M., Kister, K., Yin, M. T., Chen, J., & Wadhwa, S. (2019) · Odontology · doi:10.1007/s10266-019-00439-1 · Cited by 106
Diagnostic biomarkers for active tuberculosis: progress and challenges
Nogueira, B. M. F., Krishnan, S., Barreto‐Duarte, B., Araújo‐Pereira, M., Queiroz, A. T. L., Ellner, J. J., Salgame, P. R., Scriba, T. J., Sterling, T. R., Gupta, A., et al. (2022) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.202114088 · Cited by 106
From Maternal Diet to Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Story of Neuroinflammation
Bordeleau, M., de Cossío, L. F., Chakravarty, M. M., & Tremblay, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.612705 · Cited by 110
Covid-19 Kills More Men Than Women: An Overview of Possible Reasons
Capuano, A., Rossi, F., & Paolisso, G. (2020) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2020.00131 · Cited by 103
Pregnancy, Viral Infection, and COVID-19
Alberca, R. W., Pereira, N. Z., Oliveira, L. M. D. S., Gozzi-Silva, S. C., & Sato, M. N. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01672 · Cited by 101
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Pregnancy and the Possibility of Vertical Transmission.
Ashraf, M. A., Keshavarz, P., Hosseinpour, P., Erfani, A., Roshanshad, A., Pourdast, A., Nowrouzi‐Sohrabi, P., Chaichian, S., & Poordast, T. (2020) · PubMed Central · Cited by 99

Authors: Mor, G., & Cardenas, I.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Corresponding author: Mor, Gil
ORCID: Mor, Gil
Cardenas, Ingrid
Venue: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2010-05-10
Volume: 63
Issue: 6
Pages: 425-433
ISSN: 0271-7352 (ISSN-L)
1046-7408
1600-0897
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00836.x
PMC: PMC3025805
OpenAlex: W49611453
Cited by: 1,431
References: 55
Citations by year: 2026: 143 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 133 · 2023: 123 · 2022: 136 · 2021: 140 · 2020: 154 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 30
FWCI: 2.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N01 HD023342, P01HD054713)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis
Keywords: pregnancy immunology, placental immunity, reproductive immunology
MeSH terms: Female, Humans, Immune System, Placenta, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Virus Diseases

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

REVIEW ARTICLE: The Immune System in Pregnancy: A Unique Complexity

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks