Immune Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Do We Know about It?
Open accessAbstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of complex multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by a wide and variable set of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including deficits in social communication, narrow and restricted interests, and repetitive behavior. The immune hypothesis is considered to be a major factor contributing to autism pathogenesis, as well as a way to explain the differences of the clinical phenotypes and comorbidities influencing disease course and severity. Evidence highlights a link between immune dysfunction and behavioral traits in autism from several types of evidence found in both cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood and their utility to identify autistic subgroups with specific immunophenotypes; underlying behavioral symptoms are also shown. This review summarizes current insights into immune dysfunction in ASD, with particular reference to the impact of immunological factors related to the maternal influence of autism development; comorbidities influencing autism disease course and severity; and others factors with particular relevance, including obesity. Finally, we described main elements of similarities between immunopathology overlapping neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, taking as examples autism and Parkinson Disease, respectively.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In individuals with ASD, there is often an imbalance in the immune system, with heightened levels of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines or lower concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
“In individuals with ASD, there is often an imbalance in the immune system, with heightened levels of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines or lower concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines.”
From The Gut–Brain–Microbiota Connection and Its Role in Autism Spectrum Disorders (2025) · cites this paper as [138]
Upregulated inflammatory cytokines have been closely associated with ASD behavioral symptoms.
“Upregulated inflammatory cytokines have been closely associated with ASD behavioral symptoms [138].”
From The Gut–Brain–Microbiota Connection and Its Role in Autism Spectrum Disorders (2025) · cites this paper as [138]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Spillantini, M. G., Schmidt, M. L., Lee, V. M.-Y., Trojanowski, J. Q., Jakes, R., & Goedert, M. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/42166 · Cited by 8,382 · see citing works
Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia
Liddelow, S. A., Guttenplan, K. A., Clarke, L. E., Bennett, F. C., Bohlen, C. J., Schirmer, L., Bennett, M. L., Münch, A. E., Chung, W.-S., Peterson, T. C., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21029 · Cited by 7,971 · see citing works
Lord, C., Elsabbagh, M., Baird, G., & Veenstra-Vanderweele, J. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31129-2 · Cited by 2,819 · see citing works
Lai, M.-C., Lombardo, M. V., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61539-1 · Cited by 2,371 · see citing works
Interactions between the microbiota, immune and nervous systems in health and disease
Fung, T. C., Olson, C. A., & Hsiao, E. Y. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4476 · Cited by 1,900 · see citing works
Overview of the <scp>IL</scp> ‐1 family in innate inflammation and acquired immunity
Dinarello, C. A. (2018) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12621 · Cited by 1,866 · see citing works
Maternal Immune Activation Alters Fetal Brain Development through Interleukin-6
Smith, S. E. P., Li, J., Garbett, K., Mirnics, K., & Patterson, P. H. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2178-07.2007 · Cited by 1,605 · see citing works
Kehrl, J. H., Wakefield, L. M., Roberts, A. B., Jakowlew, S. B., Álvarez‐Mon, M., Derynck, R., Sporn, M. B., & Fauci, A. S. (1986) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.163.5.1037 · Cited by 1,581 · see citing works
Balestrino, R., & Schapira, A. H. V. (2020) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.14108 · Cited by 1,508 · see citing works
Amaral, D. G., Schumann, C. M., & Nordahl, C. W. (2008) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2007.12.005 · Cited by 1,492 · see citing works
REVIEW ARTICLE: The Immune System in Pregnancy: A Unique Complexity
Mor, G., & Cardenas, I. (2010) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00836.x · Cited by 1,431 · see citing works
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Autry, A. E., & Monteggia, L. M. (2012) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.111.005108 · Cited by 1,390 · see citing works
The maternal interleukin-17a pathway in mice promotes autism-like phenotypes in offspring
Choi, G. B., Yim, Y. S., Wong, H., Kim, S., Kim, H., Kim, S. V., Hoeffer, C. A., Littman, D. R., & Huh, J. R. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad0314 · Cited by 1,214 · see citing works
Maternal immune activation: Implications for neuropsychiatric disorders
Estes, M. L., & McAllister, A. K. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aag3194 · Cited by 1,206 · cited 4× · see citing works
“maternal autoantibodies being transferred from mother to the fetal central nervous system (CNS), which could affect fetal brain development [5,6].”
BackgroundInfluentialHuman Gut Microbiota from Autism Spectrum Disorder Promote Behavioral Symptoms in Mice
Sharon, G., Cruz, N. J., Kang, D.-W., Gandal, M. J., Wang, B., Kim, Y.-M., Zink, E. M., Casey, C. P., Taylor, B. C., Lane, C. J., et al. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.004 · Cited by 1,182 · see citing works
Natural Killer Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Utilization
Abel, A. M., Yang, C., Thakar, M. S., & Malarkannan, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01869 · Cited by 1,150 · see citing works
New evidences on the altered gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorders
Strati, F., Cavalieri, D., Albanese, D., De Felice, C., Donati, C., Hayek, J., Jousson, O., Leoncini, S., Renzi, D., Calabrò, A., et al. (2017) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0242-1 · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works
An Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Heterogeneity and Treatment Options
Masi, A., DeMayo, M. M., Glozier, N., & Guastella, A. J. (2017) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-017-0100-y · Cited by 987 · see citing works
Ashwood, P., Krakowiak, P., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Hansen, R., Pessah, I., & Van de Water, J. (2011) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.08.003 · Cited by 940 · see citing works
Dual microglia effects on blood brain barrier permeability induced by systemic inflammation
Haruwaka, K., Ikegami, A., Tachibana, Y., Ohno, N., Konishi, H., Hashimoto, A., Matsumoto, M., Kato, D., Ono, R., Kiyama, H., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13812-z · Cited by 923 · see citing works
Maternal Infection Requiring Hospitalization During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Atladóttir, H. Ó., Thorsen, P., Østergaard, L., Schendel, D. E., Lemcke, S., Abdallah, M., & Parner, E. T. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1006-y · Cited by 916 · see citing works
Buie, T., Campbell, D. B., Fuchs, G. J., Furuta, G. T., Levy, J., VandeWater, J., Whitaker, A. H., Atkins, D., Bauman, M. L., Beaudet, A. L., et al. (2010) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1878c · Cited by 872 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Shen, C., Li, J., Yuan, J., Wei, J., Huang, F., Wang, F., Li, G., Li, Y., Xing, L., et al. (2020) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.027 · Cited by 872 · see citing works
Matsuda, W., Furuta, T., Nakamura, K. C., Hioki, H., Fujiyama, F., Arai, R., & Kaneko, T. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4029-08.2009 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis
McElhanon, B. O., McCracken, C., Karpen, S., & Sharp, W. G. (2014) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3995 · Cited by 831 · see citing works
Functional requirement for class I MHC in CNS development and plasticity
Huh, G. S., Boulanger, L. M., Du, H., Riquelme, P. A., Brotz, T. M., & Shatz, C. J. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5499.2155 · Cited by 828 · see citing works
Zoghbi, H. Y., & Bear, M. F. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a009886 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Elevated immune response in the brain of autistic patients
Li, X., Chauhan, A., Sheikh, A. M., Patil, S., Chauhan, V., Li, X.-M., Ji, L., Brown, T., & Malik, M. (2009) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.12.002 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Stress, Inflammation, and Defense of Homeostasis
Chovatiya, R., & Medzhitov, R. (2014) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2014.03.030 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Probing compulsive and impulsive behaviors, from animal models to endophenotypes: A narrative review
Fineberg, N. A., Potenza, M. N., Chamberlain, S. R., Berlin, H. A., Menzies, L., Bechara, A., Sahakian, B. J., Robbins, T. W., Bullmore, E. T., & Hollander, E. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.185 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal microbiota in children with autism in Slovakia
Tomova, A., Husarova, V., Lakatosova, S., Bakos, J., Vlkova, B., Babinska, K., & Ostatnikova, D. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.10.033 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Microglia-Astrocyte Crosstalk: An Intimate Molecular Conversation
Jha, M. K., Jo, M., Kim, J.-H., & Suk, K. (2019) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858418783959 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Mogi, M., Harada, M., Narabayashi, H., Inagaki, H., Minami, M., & Nagatsu, T. (1996) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12706-3 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
The Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Meltzer, A., & Van de Water, J. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.158 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal Problems in Children with Autism, Developmental Delays or Typical Development
Chaidez, V., Hansen, R. L., & Hertz-Picciotto, I. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1973-x · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Maternal infection and immune involvement in autism
Patterson, P. H. (2011) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2011.03.001 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Immune mediators in the brain and peripheral tissues in autism spectrum disorder
Estes, M. L., & McAllister, A. K. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3978 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
The contribution of environmental exposure to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder
Bölte, S., Girdler, S., & Marschik, P. B. (2019) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-018-2988-4 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Blood–brain barrier and intestinal epithelial barrier alterations in autism spectrum disorders
Fiorentino, M., Sapone, A., Senger, S., Camhi, S. S., Kadzielski, S. M., Buie, T. M., Kelly, D. L., Cascella, N., & Fasano, A. (2016) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-016-0110-z · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Microglia and Beyond: Innate Immune Cells As Regulators of Brain Development and Behavioral Function
Lenz, K. M., & Nelson, L. H. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00698 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Glutathione peroxidase, glial cells and Parkinson's disease
Damier, P., Hirsch, É. C., Zhang, P., Agid, Y., & Javoy-Agid, F. (1993) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(93)90175-f · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Systems biology and gene networks in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders
Parikshak, N. N., Gandal, M. J., & Geschwind, D. H. (2015) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3934 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Roles of microglia in brain development, tissue maintenance and repair
Michell‐Robinson, M. A., Touil, H., Healy, L. M., Owen, D. R., Durafourt, B. A., Bar‐Or, A., Antel, J. P., & Moore, C. S. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv066 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
A genetic variant that disrupts <i>MET</i> transcription is associated with autism
Campbell, D. B., Sutcliffe, J. S., Ebert, P. J., Militerni, R., Bravaccio, C., Trillo, S., Elia, M., Schneider, C., Melmed, R., Sacco, R., et al. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0605296103 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Role of Interleukin-6 in Depressive Disorder
Ting, E. Y.-C., Yang, A. C., & Tsai, S. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21062194 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Rudolph, M. D., Graham, A. M., Feczko, E., Miranda-Dominguez, O., Rasmussen, J. M., Nardos, R., Entringer, S., Wadhwa, P. D., Buss, C., & Fair, D. A. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0128-y · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Understanding the Complexity of the Immune System during Pregnancy
Racicot, K. E., Kwon, J., Aldo, P. B., Silasi, M., & Mor, G. (2014) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.12289 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Regulation of CNS synapses by neuronal MHC class I
Goddard, C. A., Butts, D. A., & Shatz, C. J. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0702023104 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Inflammation and Neuro-Immune Dysregulations in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Siniscalco, D., Schultz, S. T., Brigida, A. L., & Antonucci, N. (2018) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph11020056 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Self-citationMicroglial metabolic flexibility supports immune surveillance of the brain parenchyma
Bernier, L., York, E. M., Kamyabi, A., Choi, H. B., Weilinger, N. L., & MacVicar, B. A. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15267-z · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Inflammatory dysregulation of blood monocytes in Parkinson’s disease patients
Grozdanov, V., Bliederhaeuser, C., Ruf, W. P., Roth, V., Fundel-Clemens, K., Zondler, L., Brenner, D., Martin-Villalba, A., Hengerer, B., Kassubek, J., et al. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1345-4 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Byers, B., Cord, B. J., Nguyen, H. N., Schüle, B., Fenno, L. E., Lee, P. C., Deisseroth, K. A., Langston, J. W., Pera, R. A. R., & Palmer, T. D. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026159 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Differential monocyte responses to TLR ligands in children with autism spectrum disorders
Enstrom, A. M., Onore, C. E., Van de Water, J. A., & Ashwood, P. (2010) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.08.001 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Bauman, M. D., Iosif, A.-M., Smith, S. E. P., Bregere, C., Amaral, D. G., & Patterson, P. H. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.06.025 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Autoimmune Diseases
Küçüksezer, U. C., Çetin, E. A., Esen, F., Tahralı, İ., Akdeniz, N., Gelmez, M. Y., & Deniz, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.622306 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Graham, A. M., Rasmussen, J. M., Rudolph, M. D., Heim, C. M., Gilmore, J. H., Styner, M., Potkin, S. G., Entringer, S., Wadhwa, P. D., Fair, D. A., et al. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.05.027 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Altered T cell responses in children with autism
Ashwood, P., Krakowiak, P., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Hansen, R., Pessah, I. N., & Van de Water, J. (2011) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.09.002 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Autism: maternally derived antibodies specific for fetal brain proteins.
Braunschweig, D., Ashwood, P., Krakowiak, P., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Hansen, R. L., Croen, L., Pessah, I., & van de Water, J. A. (2007) · Neurotoxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2007.10.010 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Zerbo, O., Iosif, A.-M., Walker, C., Ozonoff, S., Hansen, R. L., & Hertz-Picciotto, I. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1540-x · Cited by 277 · see citing works
The placental interleukin-6 signaling controls fetal brain development and behavior
Wu, W.-L., Hsiao, E. Y., Yan, Z., Mazmanian, S. K., & Patterson, P. H. (2017) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.007 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Ashwood, P., Enstrom, A., Krakowiak, P., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Hansen, R. L., Croen, L. A., Ozonoff, S., Pessah, I. N., & de Water, J. V. (2008) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.07.006 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Developmental and Functional Control of Natural Killer Cells by Cytokines
Wu, Y., Tian, Z., & Wei, H. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00930 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Brain changes in a maternal immune activation model of neurodevelopmental brain disorders
Bergdolt, L., & Dunaevsky, A. (2018) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.12.002 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal Conditions in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Developing a Research Agenda
Coury, D. L., Ashwood, P., Fasano, A., Fuchs, G., Geraghty, M., Kaul, A., Mawe, G., Patterson, P., & Jones, N. E. (2012) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2012-0900n · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Immunological Findings in Autism
Cohly, H., & Panja, A. B. (2005) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(05)71013-8 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Jones, K. L., Croen, L. A., Yoshida, C. K., Heuer, L., Hansen, R., Zerbo, O., DeLorenze, G. N., Kharrazi, M., Yolken, R., Ashwood, P., et al. (2017) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.77 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
The Immune System, Cytokines, and Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Masi, A., Glozier, N., Dale, R. C., & Guastella, A. J. (2017) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-017-0103-8 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Enstrom, A. M., Lit, L., Onore, C. E., Gregg, J. P., Hansen, R. L., Pessah, I. N., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Van de Water, J. A., Sharp, F. R., & Ashwood, P. (2009) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2008.08.001 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Cerebral folate receptor autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorder
Frye, R. E., Sequeira, J. M., Quadros, E. V., James, S. J., & Rossignol, D. A. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.175 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Plasma Cytokine Profiles in Subjects with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders
Suzuki, K., Matsuzaki, H., Iwata, K., Kameno, Y., Shimmura, C., Kawai, S., Yoshihara, Y., Wakuda, T., Takebayashi, K., Takagai, S., et al. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020470 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
The Neuroprotective Functions of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Proteins
Dobolyi, Á., Vincze, C., Pál, G., & Lovas, G. (2012) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms13078219 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Neonatal Cytokine Profiles Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Krakowiak, P., Goines, P. E., Tancredi, D. J., Ashwood, P., Hansen, R. L., Hertz-Picciotto, I., & Van de Water, J. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.08.007 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Kentner, A. C., Bilbo, S. D., Brown, A. S., Hsiao, E. Y., McAllister, A. K., Meyer, U., Pearce, B. D., Pletnikov, M. V., Yolken, R. H., & Bauman, M. D. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0185-7 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Immune Dysfunction and Autoimmunity as Pathological Mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Hughes, H. K., Ko, E. M., Rose, D. R., & Ashwood, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00405 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
The Immune System’s Role in the Biology of Autism
Goines, P. E., & van de Water, J. A. (2010) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e3283373514 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
The Role of Inflammation for a Successful Implantation
Dekel, N., Gnainsky, Y., Granot, I., Racicot, K. E., & Mor, G. (2014) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.12266 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Cellular and Oxidative Mechanisms Associated with Interleukin-6 Signaling in the Vasculature
Didion, S. P. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18122563 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Memory CD4+ T Cells in Immunity and Autoimmune Diseases
Raphael, I., Robinson, R. R., & Forsthuber, T. G. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9030531 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Stereotypies and hyperactivity in rhesus monkeys exposed to IgG from mothers of children with autism
Martin, L. A., Ashwood, P., Braunschweig, D., Cabanlit, M., Van de Water, J., & Amaral, D. G. (2008) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2007.12.007 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Rose, D. R., Yang, H., Serena, G., Sturgeon, C., Ma, B., Careaga, M., Hughes, H. K., Angkustsiri, K., Rose, M., Hertz-Picciotto, I., et al. (2018) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.025 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
The Gut Microbiota and Dysbiosis in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Hughes, H. K., Rose, D., & Ashwood, P. (2018) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-018-0887-6 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Innate immunity drives pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis
Edilova, M. I., Akram, A., & Sater, A. A. A. (2020) · Biomedical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bj.2020.06.010 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
ASHWOOD, P., ANTHONY, A., TORRENTE, F., & WAKEFIELD, A. J. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1007/s10875-004-6241-6 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Emerging biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review
Frye, R. E., Vassall, S. G., Kaur, G., Lewis, C., Karim, M., & Rossignol, D. A. (2019) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm.2019.11.53 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Evidence of microglial activation in autism and its possible role in brain underconnectivity
Rodriguez, J. I., & Kern, J. K. (2011) · Neuron Glia Biology · doi:10.1017/s1740925x12000142 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Ashwood, P., & Wakefield, A. J. (2006) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.12.007 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Neurotrophic and Neuroregenerative Effects of GH/IGF1
Bianchi, V. E., Locatelli, V., & Rizzi, L. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18112441 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Jyonouchi, H., Geng, L., Ruby, A., & Zimmerman-Bier, B. (2005) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000084164 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Torrente, F., Ashwood, P., Day, R. M., Machado, N., Furlano, R. I., Anthony, A., Davies, S. E., Wakefield, A. J., Thomson, M. A., Walker-Smith, J. A., et al. (2002) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001077 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Vertically Transferred Immunity in Neonates: Mothers, Mechanisms and Mediators
Albrecht, M., & Arck, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00555 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
MHCI negatively regulates synapse density during the establishment of cortical connections
Glynn, M. W., Elmer, B. M., Garay, P. A., Liu, X.-B., Needleman, L. A., El-Sabeawy, F., & McAllister, A. K. (2011) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2764 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Ashwood, P., Anthony, A., Pellicer, A. A., Torrente, F., Walker-Smith, J. A., & Wakefield, A. J. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1023/b:joci.0000010427.05143.bb · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Elevated serum levels of interleukin-17A in children with autism
AL-Ayadhi, L. Y., & Mostafa, G. A. (2012) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-158 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Reduced levels of immunoglobulin in children with autism correlates with behavioral symptoms
Heuer, L., Ashwood, P., Schauer, J., Goines, P., Krakowiak, P., Hertz‐Picciotto, I., Hansen, R., Croen, L. A., Pessah, I. N., & Van de Water, J. (2008) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.42 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
The impact of next-generation sequencing technologies on HLA research
Hosomichi, K., Shiina, T., Tajima, A., & Inoue, I. (2015) · Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/jhg.2015.102 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Alternative Pathways of IL-1 Activation, and Its Role in Health and Disease
Pyrillou, K., Burzynski, L. C., & Clarke, M. C. H. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.613170 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Reelin and neuropsychiatric disorders
Ishii, K., Kubo, K.-I., & Nakajima, K. (2016) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2016.00229 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adolescents Born Weighing &lt;2000 Grams
Pinto-Martin, J. A., Levy, S. E., Feldman, J. F., Lorenz, J. M., Paneth, N., & Whitaker, A. H. (2011) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2010-2846 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Tye, C., Runicles, A. K., Whitehouse, A. J. O., & Alvares, G. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00751 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Mogi, M., Harada, M., Kondo, T., Narabayashi, H., Riederer, P. F., & Nagatsu, T. (1995) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)11686-q · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Update on Transplacental Transfer of IgG Subclasses: Impact of Maternal and Fetal Factors
Clements, T., Rice, T. F., Vamvakas, G., Barnett, S. M., Barnes, M. V. C., Donaldson, B., Jones, C. E., Kampmann, B., & Holder, B. S. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01920 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Interleukin-6 signalling in health and disease
Rose‐John, S. (2020) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.26058.1 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Immune mediated conditions in autism spectrum disorders
Zerbo, O., Leong, A., Barcellos, L. F., Bernal, P., FIREMAN, B. H., & Croen, L. (2015) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.001 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Genetics of structural and functional brain changes in autism spectrum disorder
Hashem, S., Nisar, S., Bhat, A. A., Yadav, S. K., Azeem, M. W., Bagga, P., Fakhro, K. A., Reddy, R. D., Frenneaux, M. P., & Haris, M. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-00921-3 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Association of Food Allergy and Other Allergic Conditions with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children
Xu, G., Snetselaar, L. G., Jing, J., Liu, B., Strathearn, L., & Bao, W. (2018) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0279 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Serological Association of Measles Virus and Human Herpesvirus-6 with Brain Autoantibodies in Autism
Singh, V. K., Lin, S. X., & Yang, V. C.-M. (1998) · Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1006/clin.1998.4588 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
ICARUS study: prevalence and clinical features of impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease
Antonini, A., Barone, P., Bonuccelli, U., Annoni, K., Asgharnejad, M., Stanzione, P., Avesani, M., & Palandin, F. (2017) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2016-315277 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Xie, J., Huang, L., Li, X., Li, H., Zhou, Y., Zhu, H., Pan, T., Kendrick, K. M., & Xu, W. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.19326 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Neuron-Glia Interactions in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Kim, Y. S., Choi, J., & Yoon, B. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9102176 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Perinatal Interactions between the Microbiome, Immunity, and Neurodevelopment
Pronovost, G. N., & Hsiao, E. Y. (2019) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2018.11.016 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Immune Endophenotypes in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Careaga, M., Rogers, S. J., Hansen, R. L., Amaral, D. G., de Water, J. V., & Ashwood, P. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.08.036 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Autoimmunity, Autoantibodies, and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Edmiston, E., Ashwood, P., & de Water, J. V. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.08.031 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
In Search of Cellular Immunophenotypes in the Blood of Children with Autism
Ashwood, P., Corbett, B. A., Kantor, A. B., Schulman, H., de Water, J. V., & Amaral, D. G. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019299 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Wu, S., Ding, Y., Wu, F., Li, R., Xie, G., Hou, J., & Mao, P. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.05.004 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Abnormal immune response to brain tissue antigen in the syndrome of autism
Weizman, A., Weizman, R., Szekely, G. A., Wijsenbeek, H., & Livni, E. (1982) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.139.11.1462 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
The macrophages in rheumatic diseases
Lurati, A. M., Laria, A., Marrazza, M., Re, K. A., Mazzocchi, D., & Scarpellini, M. (2016) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s82320 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Immune Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorder—Could They Hold Promise for Causative Treatment?
Gładysz, D., Krzywdzińska, A., & Hozyasz, K. K. (2018) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-017-0822-x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Wong, H., & Hoeffer, C. A. (2017) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.04.010 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Psychiatric Manifestation in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Han, J. W., Ahn, Y. D., Kim, W.-S., Shin, C. M., Jeong, S. J., Song, Y. S., Bae, Y. J., & Kim, J.-M. (2018) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e300 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
A Review of Autism and the Immune Response
Ashwood, P., & de Water, J. V. (2004) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1080/10446670410001722096 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Origin and functions of pro-inflammatory cytokine producing Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
Pandiyan, P., & Zhu, J. (2015) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2015.07.005 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and autism spectrum disorders
Grigorenko, E. L., Han, S. S., Yrigollen, C. M., Leng, L., Mizue, Y., Anderson, G. M., Mulder, E. J., de Bildt, A., Minderaa, R. B., Volkmar, F. R., et al. (2008) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3604 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Jyonouchi, H., Geng, L., Cushing‐Ruby, A., & Quraishi, H. (2008) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-5-52 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Microglia: Lifelong patrolling immune cells of the brain
Eyo, U. B., & Wu, L. (2019) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.04.003 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Family history of mental and neurological disorders and risk of autism
Xie, S., Karlsson, H., Dalman, C., Widman, L., Rai, D., Gardner, R. M., Magnusson, C., Schendel, D. E., Newschaffer, C. J., & Lee, B. K. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0154 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Association of Peripheral Blood Levels of Cytokines With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
Zhao, H., Zhang, H., Liu, S., Luo, W., Jiang, Y., & Gao, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.670200 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Masi, A., Breen, E. J., Alvares, G. A., Glozier, N., Hickie, I. B., Hunt, A. M., Hui, J., Beilby, J. P., Ravine, D., Wray, J. A., et al. (2017) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-017-0176-2 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Editorial: Comorbidity and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Casanova, M. F., Frye, R. E., Gillberg, C., & Casanova, E. L. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.617395 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Gustafsson, H., Sullivan, E. L., Nousen, E. K., Sullivan, C. A., Huang, E., Rincon, M. P., Nigg, J. T., & Loftis, J. M. (2018) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.011 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Increased frequency of the null allele at the complement C4b locus in autism
WARREN, R. P., SINGH, V. K., COLE, P., ODELL, J. D., PINGREE, C. B., WARREN, W. L., & WHITE, E. (2008) · Clinical and Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1991.tb05657.x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
From Maternal Diet to Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Story of Neuroinflammation
Bordeleau, M., de Cossío, L. F., Chakravarty, M. M., & Tremblay, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.612705 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Neuroglia in the autistic brain: evidence from a preclinical model
Bronzuoli, M. R., Facchinetti, R., Ingrassia, D., Sarvadio, M., Schiavi, S., Steardo, L., Verkhratsky, A., Trezza, V., & Scuderi, C. (2018) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-018-0254-0 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Needleman, L. A., Liu, X.-B., El-Sabeawy, F., Jones, E. G., & McAllister, A. K. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1006087107 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Abnormal Measles-Mumps-Rubella Antibodies and CNS Autoimmunity in Children with Autism
Singh, V. K., Lin, S. X., Newell, E. A., & Nelson, C. (2002) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1007/bf02256592 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Peripheral Inflammatory Markers Contributing to Comorbidities in Autism
Martha, I. J., Chacón, L. M. M., Cuesta, H. V., Rizo, C. M., Whilby-Santiesteban, M., Hernandez, L. R., García, E. N., Fraguela, M. G., Fernández, C. I., Hurtado, Y. V., et al. (2016) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs6040029 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a PMDAlliance survey
Hermanowicz, N. S., Jones, S. A., & Hauser, R. A. (2019) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s213917 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Mitochondrial DNA and anti-mitochondrial antibodies in serum of autistic children
Zhang, B., Angelidou, A., Alysandratos, K., Vasiadi, M., Francis, K., Asadi, S., Theoharides, A., Sideri, K., Lykouras, L., Kalogeromitros, D. C., et al. (2010) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-7-80 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Microbiota and Microglia Interactions in ASD
Davoli-Ferreira, M., Thomson, C. A., & McCoy, K. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.676255 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Ludvigsson, J. F., Reichenberg, A., Hultman, C. M., & Murray, J. A. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.2048 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Ferguson, B. J., Marler, S., Altstein, L. L., Lee, E. B., Mazurek, M. O., McLaughlin, A., Macklin, E. A., McDonnell, E., Davis, D. J., Belenchia, A. M., et al. (2016) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.05.009 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Piras, I. S., Haapanen, L., Napolioni, V., Sacco, R., Van de Water, J., & Persico, A. M. (2014) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.12.020 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Trophoblast Induces Monocyte Differentiation Into CD 14+/ CD 16+ Macrophages
Aldo, P. B., Racicot, K. E., Craviero, V., Guller, S. M., Romero, R. J., & Mor, G. (2014) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.12288 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Mostafa, G. A., & AL-ayadhi, L. Y. (2011) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-39 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Jyonouchi, H., Geng, L., & Davidow, A. L. (2014) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-014-0187-2 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Psychophysiological associations with gastrointestinal symptomatology in autism spectrum disorder
Ferguson, B. J., Marler, S., Altstein, L. L., Lee, E. B., Akers, J., Sohl, K., McLaughlin, A., Hartnett, K., Kille, B., Mazurek, M., et al. (2017) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1646 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Antibodies against ganglioside complexes in Guillain‐Barré syndrome and related disorders
Kusunoki, S., & Kaida, K. (2011) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07029.x · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Ma, D., & Niederkorn, J. Y. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Chen, M., Su, T., Chen, Y.-S., Hsu, J.-W., Huang, K., Chang, W.-H., Chen, T., & Bai, Y. (2012) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2012.08.008 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Plasma cytokine levels in children with autistic disorder and unrelated siblings
Manzardo, A. M., Henkhaus, R. S., Dhillon, S., & Butler, M. G. (2011) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.12.003 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Pardo, C. A., Farmer, C., Thurm, A. E., Shebl, F. M., Ilieva, J., Kalra, S., & Swedo, S. E. (2017) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-016-0115-7 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The combined role of serotonin and interleukin-6 as biomarker for autism
Yang, C.-J., Liu, C.-L., Sang, B., Zhu, X.-M., & Du, Y.-J. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.011 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Review on structural neuroimaging findings in autism
Palmen, S. J. M. C., & van Engeland, H. (2004) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-003-0068-9 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Role of folate receptor autoantibodies in infantile autism
Ramaekers, V. T., Quadros, E. V., & Sequeira, J. M. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2012.22 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Chua, R. X. Y., Tay, M. J. Y., Ooi, D. S. Q., Siah, K. T. H., Tham, E. H., Shek, L. P., Meaney, M. J., Broekman, B. F. P., & Loo, E. X. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.603571 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Plasma cytokine profiling in sibling pairs discordant for autism spectrum disorder
Napolioni, V., Ober-Reynolds, B., Szelinger, S., Corneveaux, J. J., Pawlowski, T., Ober-Reynolds, S., Kirwan, J., Persico, A. M., Melmed, R. D., Craig, D. W., et al. (2013) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-10-38 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Beversdorf, D. Q., & MISSOURI AUTISM SUMMIT CONSORTIUM* (2016) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000351 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Phenotypic expression of Autoimmune Autistic Disorder (Aad): A Major subset of Autism
Singh, V. K. (2009) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/104012370902100303 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Gillespie, S. L., Porter, K. M., & Christian, L. M. (2016) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jri.2016.02.001 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Braunschweig, D., Golub, M. S., Koenig, C. M., Qi, L., Pessah, I. N., Van de Water, J., & Berman, R. F. (2012) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.08.002 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Maternal autoantibody related autism: mechanisms and pathways
Jones, K. L., & de Water, J. V. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0099-0 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Interleukin-1 family cytokines and their regulatory proteins in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia
Southcombe, J. H., Redman, C. W. G., Sargent, I. L., & Granne, I. (2015) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.12608 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Yin, C., Chen, H.-I., Li, L., Chien, Y., Liao, H., Chou, M. C., Chou, W., Tsai, W., Chiu, Y., Wu, Y., et al. (2016) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-016-0087-7 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Volk, H. E., Park, B. Y., Holingue, C., Jones, K. L., Ashwood, P., Windham, G. C., Lurman, F., Alexeeff, S., Kharrazi, M., Pearl, M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-020-09343-0 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Mostafa, G. A., & Al-Ayadhi, L. Y. (2013) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.04.003 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Decreased cellular IL-23 but not IL-17 production in children with autism spectrum disorders
Onore, C. E., Enstrom, A. M., Krakowiak, P., Hertz‐Picciotto, I., Hansen, R., de Water, J. V., & Ashwood, P. (2009) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.09.005 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The major histocompatibility complex and autism spectrum disorder
Needleman, L. A., & McAllister, A. K. (2012) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.22046 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Ohja, K., Gozal, E., Fahnestock, M. L., Cai, L., Cai, J., Freedman, J. H., Switala, A., El-Baz, A. S., & Barnes, G. N. (2018) · NeuroMolecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12017-018-8488-8 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Mostafa, G. A., & Al-Ayadhi, L. Y. (2012) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2011.12.010 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Barcia, G., Posar, A., Santucci, M., & Parmeggiani, A. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0480-3 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Kotey, S., Ertel, K. A., & Whitcomb, B. W. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2174-y · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Chuquilín-Arista, F., Álvarez-Avellón, T., & Menéndez-González, M. (2019) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988719874130 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Heuer, L., Braunschweig, D., Ashwood, P., Van de Water, J., & Campbell, D. B. (2011) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2011.48 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cytokine Profile in Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children
Bryn, V., Aass, H. C. D., Skjeldal, O. H., Isaksen, J., Saugstad, O. D., & Ormstad, H. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-016-0847-z · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Gülöksüz, S. A., Abalı, O., Çetin, E. A., Gazioğlu, S. B., Deniz, G., Yildirim, A., Kawiková, I., Gülöksüz, S., & Leckman, J. F. (2017) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1843 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Hyperserotoninemia and Altered Immunity in Autism
Burgess, N. K., Sweeten, T. L., McMahon, W. M., & Fujinami, R. S. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0100-7 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Nagafuchi, Y., Shoda, H., Sumitomo, S., Nakachi, S., Kato, R., Tsuchida, Y., Tsuchiya, H., Sakurai, K., Hanata, N., Tateishi, S., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep29338 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Walker, S. J., Fortunato, J. E., González, L. G., & Krigsman, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058058 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
AL-Ayadhi, L. Y., & Mostafa, G. A. (2013) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-10-72 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Coleman, D. M., Adams, J. B., Anderson, A. L., & Frye, R. E. (2019) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2018.0121 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Grev, J. E., Berg, M. T., & Soll, R. F. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012519.pub2 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Distinct Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Han, Y. M. Y., Cheung, W. K., Wong, C. K., Sze, S. L., Cheng, T. W. S., Yeung, M. K.-C., & Chan, A. S.-Y. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00011 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
TNF-α and IL-10 downregulation and marked oxidative stress in Neuromyelitis Optica
Pentón‐Rol, G., Cervantes‐Llanos, M., Martı́nez-Sánchez, G., Cabrera-Gómez, J. A., Valenzuela‐Silva, C., Ramírez‐Núñez, O., Casanova-Orta, M., Robinson-Agramonte, M. A., Cabezas, I. L., & López-Saura, P. A. (2009) · Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1186/1476-9255-6-18 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationNazeen, S., Palmer, N., Berger, B., & Kohane, I. S. (2016) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-016-1084-z · Cited by 54 · see citing works
HLA-class II haplotypes and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Bennabi, M., Gaman, A., Delorme, R., Boukouaci, W., Manier, C., Scheid, I., Mohammed, N. S., Bengoufa, D., Charron, D. J., Krishnamoorthy, R., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-25974-9 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Does microglial dysfunction play a role in autism and Rett syndrome?
Maezawa, I., Calafiore, M., Wulff, H., & Jin, L. (2011) · Neuron Glia Biology · doi:10.1017/s1740925x1200004x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
HLA Immune Function Genes in Autism
Torres, A. R., Westover, J. L. B., & Rosenspire, A. (2012) · Autism Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2012/959073 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Behavioral impact of maternal allergic-asthma in two genetically distinct mouse strains
Schwartzer, J. J., Careaga, M., Coburn, M., Rose, D. R., Hughes, H. K., & Ashwood, P. (2016) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.09.007 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Bobrowski‐Khoury, N., Ramaekers, V. T., Sequeira, J. M., & Quadros, E. V. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11080710 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Detection of IL-17 and IL-23 in Plasma Samples of Children with Autism
Enstrom, A., Onore, C., Hertz-Picc, I., Hansen, R., Croen, L., Water, J. V. D., & Ashwood, P. (2008) · American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology · doi:10.3844/ajbbsp.2008.114.120 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Interpregnancy Interval and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Zerbo, O., Yoshida, C. K., Gunderson, E. P., Dorward, K., & Croen, L. (2015) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-1099 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Immune regulation of neurodevelopment at the mother–foetus interface: the case of autism
Sotgiu, S., Manca, S., Gagliano, A., Minutolo, A., Melis, M. C., Pisuttu, G., Scoppola, C., Bolognesi, E., Clerici, M., Guerini, F. R., et al. (2020) · Clinical & Translational Immunology · doi:10.1002/cti2.1211 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Hu, V. W. (2013) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01759.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Expression of immune genes on chromosome 6p21.3–22.1 in schizophrenia
Sinkus, M. L., Adams, C. E., Logel, J., Freedman, R., & Leonard, S. S. (2013) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.01.087 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Wasilewska, J., Kaczmarski, M. G., Stasiak‐Barmuta, A., Tobolczyk, J., & Kowalewska, E. (2012) · Archives of Medical Science · doi:10.5114/aoms.2012.28561 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Increased Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Careaga, M., Hansen, R. L., Hertz-Piccotto, I., de Water, J. V., & Ashwood, P. (2013) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2013/935608 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Wijnhoven, L. A. M. W., Niels, H., Creemers, D. H. M., Vermulst, A. A., Otten, R., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2019) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.2989/17280583.2019.1608830 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Multiple Roles of Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Galbiati, M., Crippa, V., Rusmini, P., Cristofani, R., Messi, E., Piccolella, M., Tedesco, B., Ferrari, V., Casarotto, E., Chierichetti, M., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21124291 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Allergic manifestations in autistic children: Relation to disease severity
Hamza, R. T., ElShahawi, H. H., & Mostafa, G. A. (2015) · Journal of Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0035-1557446 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Tsilioni, I., Pantazopoulos, H., Conti, P., Leeman, S. E., & Theoharides, T. C. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2004666117 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Philippi, A., Torès, F., Carayol, J., Rousseau, F., Letexier, M., Roschmann, E., Lindenbaum, P., Benajou, A., Fontaine, K., Vazart, C., et al. (2007) · BMC Medical Genetics · doi:10.1186/1471-2350-8-74 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Robinson-Agramonte, M.A. (2015). Understanding on Neuroimmunology in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Springer International Publishing. Chapter 9.
- 2020, Comorbilidad en pacientes con trastornos del neurodesarollo, Rev. Cub. Pediatr., 92, e1108
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Consequences of Disturbing Manganese Homeostasis
Baj, J., Flieger, W., Barbachowska, A., Kowalska, B., Flieger, M., Forma, A., Teresiński, G., Portincasa, P., Buszewicz, G., Radzikowska-Büchner, E., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241914959 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Functional myelin in cognition and neurodevelopmental disorders
Khelfaoui, H., Ibaceta-González, C., & Angulo, M. C. (2024) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-024-05222-2 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Li, Y.-A., Chen, Z., Li, X., Gu, M., Xia, N., Chen, G., Zhou, Z.-W., Yasin, G., Xie, H., Wei, X., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2022.972809 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Ferencová, N., Višňovcová, Z., Ondrejka, I., Hrtánek, I., Bujnakova, I., Kovacova, V., Macejova, A., & Tonhajzerová, I. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241411710 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Role of gastrointestinal health in managing children with autism spectrum disorder
Al‐Beltagi, M., Saeed, N. K., Bediwy, A. S., Elbeltagi, R. M., & Alhawamdeh, R. (2023) · World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.5409/wjcp.v12.i4.171 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Lin, H., Chien, Y., Tung, Y.-H., Ni, Y., & Gau, S. S. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.08.015 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Gevezova, M., Sbirkov, Y., Sarafian, V. S., Plaimas, K., Suratanee, A., & Maes, M. H. J. (2023) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100646 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The Gut–Brain–Microbiota Connection and Its Role in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Młynarska, E., Barszcz, E., Budny, E., Gajewska, A., Kopeć, K., Wasiak, J., Rysz, J., & Franczyk, B. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17071135 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Nutritional management and autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review
Al‐Beltagi, M. (2024) · World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.5409/wjcp.v13.i4.99649 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Lampiasi, N., Bonaventura, R., Deidda, I., Zito, F., & Russo, R. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24032703 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Launay, J., Delorme, R., Pagan, C., Callebert, J., Leboyer, M., & Vodovar, N. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02687-w · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Zupo, R., Castellana, F., Boero, G., Matera, E., Colacicco, G., Piscitelli, P., Clodoveo, M. L., Rondanelli, M., Panza, F., Lozupone, M., et al. (2023) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2023.2197709 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Viruses and autism: A Bi-mutual cause and effect
Al‐Beltagi, M., Saeed, N. K., Elbeltagi, R. M., Bediwy, A. S., Aftab, S. A. S., & Alhawamdeh, R. (2023) · World Journal of Virology · doi:10.5501/wjv.v12.i3.172 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Anastasescu, C. M., Gheorman, V., Stoicănescu, E. C., Popescu, F., Gheorman, V., & Udriștoiu, I. (2024) · Life · doi:10.3390/life14091201 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Microbiota Gut–Brain Axis and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives
Petropoulos, A., Stavropoulou, E., Tsigalou, C., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17182984 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Autism spectrum disorder research: knowledge mapping of progress and focus between 2011 and 2022
Jiang, M., Lu, T., Yang, K., Li, X., Zhao, L., Zhang, D., Li, J., & Wang, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1096769 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Palmer, J. K., van der Pols, J. C., Sullivan, K. A., Staudacher, H. M., & Byrne, R. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06239-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Correlation of biochemical markers and inflammatory cytokines in autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Noori, A. S., Rajabi, P., Sargolzaei, J., & Alaghmand, A. (2024) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-024-05182-3 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Enhanced Expression of Human Endogenous Retroviruses, TRIM28 and SETDB1 in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Tovo, P., Davico, C., Marcotulli, D., Vitiello, B., Daprà, V., Calvi, C., Montanari, P., Carpino, A., Galliano, I., & Bergallo, M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23115964 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Andersen‐Civil, A. I. S., Sawale, R. A., & Vanwalleghem, G. C. (2023) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.001 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Microbes and Mental Illness: Past, Present, and Future
Bransfield, R. C., Mao, C., & Greenberg, R. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12010083 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Is tuberous sclerosis complex-associated autism a preventable and treatable disorder?
Curatolo, P., Scheper, M., Gialloreti, L. E., Specchio, N., & Aronica, E. (2023) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-023-00762-2 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Autism Spectrum Disorder in 2023: A Challenge Still Open
Posar, A., & Visconti, P. (2023) · Turkish Archives of Pediatrics · doi:10.5152/turkarchpediatr.2023.23194 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Importance of good hosting: reviewing the bi-directionality of the microbiome-gut-brain-axis
Costa, C. F. F. A., Ferreira‐Gomes, J., Barbosa, F., Sampaio‐Maia, B., & Burnet, P. W. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1386866 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Prince, N., Marzal, L. N. P., Roussin, L., Monnoye, M., Philippe, C., Maximin, E., Ahmed, S., Salenius, K., Lin, J., Autio, R., et al. (2025) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2024.2447822 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Ayoub, G. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26136483 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go?
Leisman, G., & Melillo, R. J. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15091010 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Metabolomic changes in children with autism
Al‐Beltagi, M., Saeed, N. K., Bediwy, A. S., & Elbeltagi, R. M. (2024) · World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.92737 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Autism spectrum disorder and various mechanisms behind it
Rajabi, P., Noori, A. S., & Sargolzaei, J. (2024) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173887 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Cerebellum, Genes, and Pathways
D’Mello, S. R. (2025) · Neurology International · doi:10.3390/neurolint17100173 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Bhat, R. S., Alonazi, M. A., Al-Daihan, S., & El-Ansary, A. K. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13020310 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Serum interleukin-17 A and homocysteine levels in children with autism
Li, H., Dang, Y., & Yan, Y. (2024) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/s12868-024-00860-5 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Fleșeriu, T., Meliţ, L. E., Mărginean, C. O., Pop, A. V., & Văsieșiu, A.-M. (2025) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens14080818 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Consoli, C., Turriziani, L., Antoci, M., Monaco, M. L., Ceraolo, G., Spoto, G., Nicotera, A. G., & Rosa, G. D. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci16010053 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The role of maternal immune activation in immunological and neurological pathogenesis of autism
Liu, K., Huang, Y., Zhu, Y., Zhao, Y., & Kong, X. (2022) · Journal of Neurorestoratology · doi:10.1016/j.jnrt.2022.100030 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Butera, A., Simone, R. D., Potenza, R. L., Sanchez, M., Armida, M., Campanile, D., Carlo, N. D., Trenta, F., Boirivant, M., & Ricceri, L. (2023) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.024 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hmila, I., Hill, J., Shalaby, K. E., Ouararhni, K., Abedsselem, H., Modaresi, S. M. S., Bihaqi, S. W., Marques, E., Sondhi, A., Slitt, A. L., et al. (2024) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116070 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hosokawa, R., Yoshino, Y., Funahashi, Y., Horiuchi, F., Iga, J., & Ueno, S. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13010027 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ghouri, M., Lateef, M., Liaquat, L., Zulfquar, A., Saleem, S., & Zehra, S. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23264 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Sallam, D. E. D., Shaker, Y. S., Mostafa, G. A., Elhossiny, R. M., Taha, S., & Ahamed, M. A. E. H. (2024) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-023-04484-2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Du, J., Fang, L., Dong, K., & Zhou, Z. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.10.050 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Al‐Gailani, L., & Al‐Kaleel, A. (2024) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.70004 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Chen, L., Li, Z., & Fan, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1601888 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Galvis, C. A. N., Trejos-Gallego, D. M., Correa-Salazar, C., Triviño-Valencia, J., Buitrago, M. V., Ruiz-Pulecio, A. F., Méndez-Ramírez, L. F., Zabaleta, J., Meñaca-Puentes, M. A., Villa, C. A. R., et al. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17162664 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Perdikaris, P., & Dermon, C. R. (2023) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2023.1120993 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Dalton, G. D., Siecinski, S. K., Nikolova, V. D., Cofer, G. P., Hornburg, K. J., Qi, Y. P., Johnson, G. A., Jiang, Y., Moy, S. S., & Gregory, S. G. (2024) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/s12993-024-00240-3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Fuentes-Albero, M., Mafla-España, M. A., Martı́nez-Raga, J., & Cauli, O. (2024) · Pathophysiology · doi:10.3390/pathophysiology31030028 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Jawed, B., Esposito, J. E., Pulcini, R., Zakir, S. K., Botteghi, M., Gaudio, F., Savio, D., Martinotti, C., Martinotti, S., & Toniato, E. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252212453 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Challenges and solutions in managing dental problems in children with autism
Al‐Beltagi, M., Zahrani, A. A. A., Mani, B. S., Hantash, E. M., Saeed, N. K., Bediwy, A. S., & Elbeltagi, R. M. (2025) · World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.5409/wjcp.v14.i3.106778 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Pavlov, D., Вячеславовна, Г. А., Haque, A., Cavalcante, C., Svirin, E. P., Burova, A., Grigorieva, E., Sheveleva, E., Malin, D., Efimochkina, S. M., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241411712 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Willinger, Y., Cohen, D. R. F., & Turgeman, G. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25010432 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Coppola, S., Nocerino, R., Oglio, F., Golia, P., Falco, M. D., Riccio, M. P., Carucci, L., Rea, T., Simeone, S., Garotti, R., et al. (2024) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-024-01794-8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Supporting Neurologic Health with Mushroom Nutrition
Bell, V., Dimitrov, P., & Fernandes, T. H. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17091568 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Boller, A.-L., Ruland, T., Dantas, R. L., Michels, S., Dannlowski, U., Scheu, S., Baune, B. T., Culmsee, C., & Alferink, J. (2025) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2025.07.004 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Dynamic Interplay between Social Brain Development and Nutrient Intake in Young Children
Kanellopoulos, A. K., Costello, S., Mainardi, F., Koshibu, K., Deoni, S., & Schneider, N. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15173754 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Dey, A., Ghosh, S., Majhi, S., Hoque, A. N., & Chakrabarti, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-9462-5_20 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Fang, C., Sun, Y., Fan, C., & Lei, D. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05927-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Crosstalk Between Mitochondrial DNA and Immune Response: Focus on Autism Spectrum Disorder
Qu, W., Yan, G., Du, Y., Zhou, X., Huang, C., Li, B., Zhou, J., & Li, Q. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-024-04637-z · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Janicki, M. P., McCallion, P., Jokinen, N. S., Larsen, F., Mughal, D., Palanisamy, V., Santos, F. H., Service, K. P., Shih, A. J., Shooshtari, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-025-06843-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sabatini, G., Boccadoro, I., Prete, R., Battista, N., & Corsetti, A. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17152470 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Research trends of inflammation in autism spectrum disorders: a bibliometric analysis
Chen, Y., Du, X., Zhang, X., Li, F., Yuan, S., Wang, W., Zhu, Z., Wang, M., & Gu, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1534660 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Role of Mast Cells in Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Priego-González, L., Pardo, P. P., & Redegeld, F. (2025) · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106263 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Effect of maternal diet on gut bacteria and autism spectrum disorder in offspring
Chen, Z., Wang, X., Hu, Y., Zhang, S., & Han, F. (2025) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2025.1623576 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Shin, S., Park, S. H., Park, J.-H., Kim, S.-M., & Lee, M. J. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10050677 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cancer drug repurposing in autism spectrum disorder
Pedini, G., Chen, C., Achsel, T., & Bagni, C. (2023) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2023.09.008 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zhang, W., Mou, Z., Zhong, Q., Liu, X., Lan, Y., Gou, L., Chen, Z., So, K., & Zhang, L. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1393549 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ahire, C. G., & Kaur, G. (2025) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101037 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mavel, S., Pellé, L., & Andres, C. R. (2025) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101074 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Darwish, M., Hajj, R. E., Khayat, L., & Alaaeddine, N. (2024) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-024-10724-4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Tan, Z., Xia, R., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Liu, H., & Wang, W. (2024) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103980 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Deregulated Nrf2-Keap1-BACH1 axis in autism spectrum disorder
Vallese, A., Melija, S., Hayek, J., Pecorelli, A., & Valacchi, G. (2025) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2025.103837 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Santana‐Coelho, D., & Lugo, J. N. (2023) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb45110582 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Dağıdır, H. G., Bukan, N. C., Bahçelioğlu, M., Çalıkuşu, A., Alim, E., Dizakar, S. Ö. A., Topa, E., & Bolay, H. (2024) · FEBS Open Bio · doi:10.1002/2211-5463.13889 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Anindya, I., Sekartini, R., Ariyanto, I. A., Wiguna, T., Sari, N. P., Rahayu, Y. S., & Soebandrio, A. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13020338 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The relationship between autism spectrum disorder and screen time in children: a literature review
Dilshad, A., Khan, M. H., Sujana, C. S., Ahsan, A., Mehta, F., -, Y. M., Singh, P. K., Verma, A., Singh, A. K., & Akbar, A. (2025) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000003397 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kajitani, G. S., Xavier, G., Villena-Rueda, B. E., Karia, B. T. R., & Santoro, M. L. (2024) · Current topics in membranes · doi:10.1016/bs.ctm.2024.06.002 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Meng, Y., Jia, J., Ding, Y., Wang, P. G., Wang, Z., Zhang, R., He, Z., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Feng, L., et al. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.07.018 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cytokine Dynamics in Autism: Analysis of BMAC Therapy Outcomes
Maric, D. M., Vojvodić, D., Maric, D. L., Velikic, G. S., Radomir, M., Sokolovac, I., Štefik, D., Ivkovic, N., Šušnjević, S., Puletić, M., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242015080 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Guerini, F. R., Bolognesi, E., Mensi, M. M., Zanette, M., Agliardi, C., Zanzottera, M., Chiappedi, M. A., Annunziata, S., Garcia‐García, F., Cavallini, A. R., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25189879 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Li, Z., Li, Y., Tang, X., Xing, A., Lin, J., Li, J., Ji, J., Cai, T., Zheng, K., Lingampelly, S. S., et al. (2024) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo14100557 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Data‐driven dissection of the fever effect in autism spectrum disorder
Muller, E., Shalev, I., Bachmat, E., & Eran, A. (2023) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2935 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Analysis of potential biomarkers and immune infiltration in autism based on bioinformatics analysis
Cao, W., Luo, C., Fan, Z., Lei, M., Cheng, X., Shi, Z., Mao, F., Xu, Q., Fu, Z., & Zhang, Q. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000033340 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dong, B., Chang, M., Liu, J., Li, K., Xiao, H., Wu, S., Feng, D., & Guo, B. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03349-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rasbi, Z. A., Orsud, H., Zoughbor, S. H., Hajar, M., Mahboob, A. A., & Sadek, B. S. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1716197 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Comprehensive multi‐omics mapping of immune perturbations in autism spectrum disorder
Yan, C., Feng, F., Lan, C., Luo, G., Jiang, X., Wang, H., Chen, Y., Yang, Y., Deng, L., Huang, X., et al. (2025) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.70552 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Gut–Brain Inflammation and Disrupted Homeostasis Due to Activation of Mast Cells and Microglia
Katiraei, P., Frye, R. E., & Theoharides, T. C. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27041768 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kılınç, K., Türkoğlu, S., Kocabaş, R., Güler, H. A., Yılmaz, Ç., & Büyükateş, A. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111275 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
He, Y., He, Y., & Cheng, B. (2025) · Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine · doi:10.2147/pgpm.s494126 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wang, H. B., Smale, N. E., Brown, S. H., Villanueva, S. A. M. B., Zhou, D., Mulji, A., Bhandal, D. S., Nguyen-Ngo, K., Harvey, J. R., Ghiani, C. A., et al. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.104720 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bjørklund, G., Bhat, R. S., & El-Ansary, A. K. (2024) · International journal for autism challenges & solution. · doi:10.54878/bgxvwf58 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Saha, T., Vats, T., & Mehan, S. (2026) · Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology · doi:10.1080/08923973.2026.2671714 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Duffy, A., Fremuth, L. E., Doceti, M., Thomas, J., Buswell, C., Lawani, O., Lukens, J. R., & Eyo, U. B. (2026) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117709 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Castro-Martínez, J. A., Vargas, E., Díaz-Beltrán, L., & Esteban, F. J. (2024) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb46120812 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhu, Y., Wei, S., Fu, X.-T., Cheng, X., & Lin, X.-H. (2025) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark · doi:10.31083/fbl36412 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cavenaghi, A., Mallah, N. E. Z., Navarro, L., Group Sensogenomics Working, Martinón-Torres, F., Gómez‐Carballa, A., & Salas, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2025.1696704 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Association Between Respiratory Infections and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Overview
Turriziani, L., Mancini, A., Midiri, M., Albertini, M. L., & Butera, A. (2024) · Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews · doi:10.2174/011573398x281954240614075538 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Alshammary, R. A. A., Jouda, J., & Al-Salihy, A. A.-R. S. (2023) · International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology · doi:10.25258/ijddt.13.3.29 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Huang, W., Liu, Z., Li, Z., Meng, S., Huang, Y., Gao, M., Zhong, N., Zeng, S., Wang, L., & Zhao, W. (2024) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-023-02179-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Use of Nutraceutical and Pharmacological Strategies in Murine Models of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Bonetti, M., Borsani, E., & Bonomini, F. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13242036 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Evaluation of serum level of IL-6 and TNF-α in children with autism
hassan, D. A. A., Ali, L. Q., & Al-Gharrawi, S. A. R. (2025) · Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology · doi:10.36320/ajb/v17.i1.18142 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Robinson-Agramonte, M. D. L. A., Noris García, E., Fraga Guerra, J., Vega Hurtado, Y., Antonucci, N., Semprún-Hernández, N., Schultz, S., & Siniscalco, D.
- Affiliations
- Neuroimmunology Department, International Center for Neurological Restoration, Havana 11300, Cuba
- Immunology Department, National Institute of Nephrology, Havana 10600, Cuba
- Microbiology Department, National Institute of Nephrology, Havana 10600, Cuba
- Research Center, International Center for Neurological Restoration, Havana 11300, Cuba
- Biomedical Centre for Autism Research and Treatment, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Universidad del Zulia (VE)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-03-11
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 3033
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8955336
- OpenAlex
- W4221044978
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 237
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 7
- FWCI
- 4.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Cuban National Program of Neuroscience and Neurothecnology (PN305LH013-056)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, immune dysregulation, autism pathogenesis, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, peripheral blood biomarkers, immunophenotype, autism comorbidity, autism severity, obesity, neurodevelopmental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease, behavioral symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autistic Disorder, Humans, Immune System Diseases, Neurodevelopmental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review