Cybervictimization of young people with an intellectual or developmental disability: risks specific to sexual solicitation
Abstract
Background: Studies demonstrate that youth are vulnerable to online sexual solicitation. However, no study has estimated this risk for youth diagnosed with an intellectual or developmental disability ( IDD ). Methods: A literature review of the risk factors associated with online sexual solicitation in youths was done using electronic databases, such as PsychIn FO , ERIC , MEDLINE and Scopus. Results: Fifty‐seven published papers were found relevant. However, only two pertained to the population with IDD . Sexual and physical abuse, social isolation, loneliness, depression, and chatting were found to increase the risk of being prey to sexual solicitation on the Internet. Many of these risk factors are even more prevalent in youth with IDD than in the general population. Conclusion: Recommendations are made for future research to help understand and prevent sexual cybersolicitation.
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Perpetrators employ various techniques, such as manipulation, cyberstalking, coercion, providing gifts to victims, cyber-threats, cyber-harassment, sexting, sextortion, grooming, and digital alteration of images.
“In addition, the studies analyzed reveal that perpetrators employ various techniques, such as manipulation [23,27], cyberstalking [13], coercion [27], providing gifts to victims [23], cyber-threats [13,21,23,26,27], cyber-harassment [13,26], sexting [13,21], sextortion [13], grooming [4,13,19,27], and digital alteration of images [21].”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [27]
Specific disabilities mentioned include autism spectrum disorder, Williams Syndrome, intellectual disabilities, 22q11 deletion syndrome, and physical disabilities including deafness, and chronic health problems.
“Specific disabilities are mentioned, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [17,26,27], Williams Syndrome [17,26], intellectual disabilities [22,26,27], 22q11 deletion syndrome (which involves developmental delays and may face mild intellectual disability or learning disabilities) [26], and physical disabilities [23,25] including deafness [18], and chronic health problems [25].”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [27]
Types of perpetrators based on types of offences included grooming, cyber-bullying, cyber-stalking, sextortion, or revenge porn.
“In the case of the types of the perpetrators based on the types of offences, the following categories were identified: grooming [4,19,27], cyber-bullying [13], cyber-stalking [13], sextortion [13], or revenge porn [13].”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [27]
Instances of coercion were found within individuals with intellectual disabilities.
“Instances of coercion were found within individuals with intellectual disabilities [27], which was further emphasized by reported encounters with cyber-threats, cyber-harassment, and grooming experiences associated with 22q11 deletion syndrome [26].”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [27]
Abusers in the reviewed studies were mainly groomers, sexual predators, cyber-bullies, cyber-stalkers, and sextortionists.
“In addition, it was identified that abusers in the studies [3,13,19,27] were mainly groomers, sexual predators, cyber-bullies, cyber-stalkers, and sextortionists.”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [27]
Social isolation and loneliness of children may be associated with abuse or poorer developmental and educational outcomes.
“though social isolation and loneliness of children may be associated with abuse or poorer developmental and educational outcomes 65, 87, 97, 99-101 .”
From An overview of systematic reviews on the public health consequences of social isolation and loneliness (2017) · cites this paper as [101]
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- Authors
- Normand, C. L., & Sallafranque‐St‐Louis, F.
- Affiliations
- Université du Québec en Outaouais (CA)
- Université du Québec en Outaouais Gatineau QC Canada
- Corresponding author
- Normand, Claude L.
- ORCID
- Normand, Claude L.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-04-13
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 99-110
- ISSN
- 0952-9608 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-2322
- 1468-3148
- OpenAlex
- W2152815430
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 3.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Consortium national de recherche sur l'intégration sociale, Quebec, Canada
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- online sexual solicitation, cyber victimization, intellectual disability, developmental disabilities, youth, risk factors, social isolation, loneliness, depression, physical abuse, sexual abuse, online chat, prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Developmental Disabilities, Female, Humans, Male, Intellectual Disability, Risk Factors, Sexual Behavior, Crime Victims, Internet, Text Messaging
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