Why do individuals respond to fraudulent scam communications and lose money? The psychological determinants of scam compliance
Abstract
Why do so many people all over the world, so often, react to completely worthless scam offers? In two questionnaire studies, one of which included the distribution of an experimentally manipulated simulated scam, we investigated differences between respondents who did and did not report past compliance with scams. We found that the principal differences were in their response to very high‐value incentives, in the extent to which they reacted with positive emotions to the thought of winning a large prize, in their reliance on signs of official authority, and in their self‐confidence. The first two of these can be regarded as forms of visceral processing. Some of these differences suggested a dispositional difference between victims and non‐victims.
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Scam victims or near scam victims were more affected by the high values offered in scams and displayed a high degree of trust in the scammers.
“Fischer et al. 11 found in their survey research that scam victims or near scam victims were more affected by the high values offered in scams and displayed a high degree of trust in the scammers.”
From Do You Love Me? Psychological Characteristics of Romance Scam Victims (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
There is some support for the notion that some kind of enduring personality trait might increase susceptibility to persuasion.
“They also found some support for the notion that some kind of enduring personality trait might increase susceptibility to persuasion.”
From Do You Love Me? Psychological Characteristics of Romance Scam Victims (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
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Chanenson, J., Matthews, T. L., Consolvo, S., Kelley, P. G., McClearn, J., Meiklejohn, S., Roy, A., Shelby, R. M., Thomas, K., & Hassoun, A. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790556 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
FraudShield: Knowledge Graph Empowered Defense for LLMs against Fraud Attacks
Xu, N., Zhang, J., He, P., Zhou, C., Wang, J., Fu, Z. F., Du, T., Wang, Z., & Ji, S. (2026) · International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) · doi:10.1145/3774904.3792199 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Stockner, M., Convertino, G., Marchetti, M., Corvitto, L., Maiano, L., Papa, L., Amerini, I., & Mazzoni, G. A. L. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2708442 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Choplin, J. M., & Stark, D. P. (2019) · Cognitive Research Principles and Implications · doi:10.1186/s41235-019-0154-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Definitorische, wissenschaftstheoretische und methodische Grundlagen der Sozialpsychologie
Fischer, P. A., Asal, K., & Krueger, J. I. (2013) · Springer-Lehrbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30272-5_1
Self-citation1 Definitorische, wissenschaftstheoretische und methodische Grundlagen der Sozialpsychologie
der Sozialpsychologie, M. (2013)
Risk eDecisions: Online Behaviour and Decision Making from the iGeneration to the Silver Surfer
White, C. M. (2017) · PEARL (University of Plymouth) · doi:10.24382/943
Pytel, L. M. (2018) · Digital Commons-DePaul (DePaul University)
The Consumer Scam: An Agency-Theoretic Approach
Pouryousefi, S., & Frooman, J. (2023) · doi:10.32920/24148233
- Authors
- Fischer, P., Lea, S. E. G., & Evans, K. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Regensburg (DE)
- University of Exeter (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Fischer, Peter
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-09-17
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2060-2072
- ISSN
- 0021-9029 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-1816
- OpenAlex
- W2143534599
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 10.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.K. OFT
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Spam and Phishing Detection
- Keywords
- fraud victimization, positive emotions, self-confidence, fraud prevention
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