The psychology of the internet fraud victimization of older adults: A systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Criminals targeting and exploiting older adults in online environments are of great concern. This study systematically retrieved and analyzed articles on the psychological characteristics of older adult victims of online fraud. First, we found that there was no evidence that older adults were more prevalent than other individuals of other ages among online fraud victims, and current researchers have focused more on why older adults are easy targets for fraud (susceptibility to being cheated). Second, research on psychological factors of older adults' susceptibility to online fraud has mainly focused on cognitive function, trust traits, and other personality traits, such as social loneliness, the Big Five personality traits, and self-control. Among them, most researchers claim that the cyber-cheating of older adults may be due to a decline in their cognitive function. However, there has not been a consensus on how cognitive function and physical and mental conditions affect older people who are cheated. Third, techniques (i.e., methods and techniques used by fraudsters) and experience (i.e., familiarity with internet technology or fraud) may be related to the susceptibility of older adults to fraud, and these studies have also not yet generated a consensus supported by reliable data. Based on the above research uncertainties, we propose that fraud prevention and control strategies for older adults should be applied with caution.
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Existing reviews highlight that empirical evidence of post-victimization mental health and psychosocial sequelae is fragmented across disciplines and heterogeneous in study design, populations, and outcome measures.
“Existing reviews highlight that, although psychological harm is frequently acknowledged, empirical evidence of post-victimization mental health and psychosocial sequelae is fragmented across disciplines and heterogeneous in study design, populations, and outcome measures”
From Mental health and psychosocial sequelae of fraud victimization: a systematic review (2026) · cites this paper as Shang et al., 2022
The Implications section (page unavailable) acknowledges that older fraud victims may experience negative emotions and mental disorders, including depression. The Methods and Results sections describe varied psychological factors, methods, and samples, but they do not establish that evidence on post-victimization sequelae is fragmented across disciplines or heterogeneous in its outcome measures; the review chiefly examines factors affecting susceptibility to fraud. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Xia, Y., Xu, S., Tan, S., Tan, J., & Huang, L. (2025) · Victims & Offenders · doi:10.1080/15564886.2025.2467888 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mental health and psychosocial sequelae of fraud victimization: a systematic review
Bai, J., Ho, M.-H., Sung, H.-T., Hung, C.-S., & Tsai, J.-H. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1805536 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The incremental effects of fraud crime on suicide among the elderly in South Korea’s aging society
Kim, S. H., Park, E. S., Lee, S. K., & Cho, Y. I. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251385886 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Shang, Y., Wu, Z., Du, X., Jiang, Y., Ma, B., & Chi, M.
- Affiliations
- Shandong Normal University (CN)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Jiang, Yanbin
- Ma, Beibei
- Chi, Meihong
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-09-05
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 912242-912242
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9484557
- OpenAlex
- W4294637166
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
- Social Sciences › Demography › Technology Use by Older Adults
- Social Sciences › Demography › Elder Abuse and Neglect
- Keywords
- online fraud, older adults, fraud susceptibility, cognitive function, trust, loneliness, Big Five personality traits, self-control, fraud prevention, cybercrime
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