White matter microstructure and developmental improvement of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Open accessAbstract
Background: A developmental improvement of symptoms in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) is frequently reported, but the underlying neurobiological substrate has not been identified. The aim of this study was to determine whether white matter microstructure is related to developmental improvement of ADHD symptoms. Methods: A cross‐sectional magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) analysis was embedded in a prospective follow‐up of an adolescent cohort of ADHD and control subjects ( N euro IMAGE ). Mean age at baseline was 11.9 years, mean interval of follow‐up was 5.9 years. About 75.3% of the original cohort was retained successfully. Data of 101 participants with ADHD combined type at baseline and 40 healthy controls were analysed. ADHD symptoms were measured with semistructured, investigator‐based interviews and C onners' questionnaires, on the basis of DSM ‐ IV criteria. Fractional anisotropy ( FA ) and mean diffusivity ( MD ) indices of white matter microstructure were measured using whole brain diffusion tensor imaging at follow‐up only. In a dimensional analysis FA and MD were related to change in ADHD symptoms. To link this analysis to DSM ‐ IV diagnoses, a post hoc categorical group analysis was conducted comparing participants with persistent ( n = 59) versus remittent ( n = 42) ADHD and controls. Results: Over time, participants with ADHD showed improvement mainly in hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. This improvement was associated with lower FA and higher MD values in the left corticospinal tract at follow‐up. Findings of the dimensional and the categorical analysis strongly converged. Changes in inattentive symptoms over time were minimal and not related to white matter microstructure. Conclusions: The corticospinal tract is important in the control of voluntary movements, suggesting the importance of the motor system in the persistence of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms.
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New research is beginning to define neural predictors and correlates of remission in ADHD.
“New research is indeed beginning to define neural predictors and correlatesof r emission 94,95,253 .”
From Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2015) · cites this paper as [94]
The Discussion (page not available) identifies white-matter differences associated with improvement in hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, supporting the claim about neural correlates. It also says brain structure was measured only at follow-up, so whether those differences predict remission from baseline remains speculative. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRemission of ADHD has been associated with normalization of abnormalities as measured by activation during functional imaging tasks, cortical thinning and structural and functional brain connectivity.
“Remission of ADHD has been associated with normalization of abnormalities as measured by activation during functional imaging tasks 90 , cortical thinning 91 and structural and functional brain connectivity 92-95 .”
From Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2015) · cites this paper as [94]
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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- Authors
- Francx, W., Zwiers, M. P., Mennes, M., Oosterlaan, J., Heslenfeld, D., Hoekstra, P. J., Hartman, C. A., Franke, B., Faraone, S. V., O'Dwyer, L., & Buitelaar, J. K.
- Affiliations
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Corresponding author
- Francx, Winke
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-01-10
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1289-1297
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- PMC
- PMC4499023
- OpenAlex
- W2157539876
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 3.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01MH62873)
- Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum
- VU University Amsterdam
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hyperactive-impulsive symptoms, symptom remission, white matter microstructure, corticospinal tract, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, diffusion tensor imaging, inattentive symptoms, motor system, adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Psychomotor Agitation, Pyramidal Tracts, Remission, Spontaneous, Adolescent Development, White Matter
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