Attention and executive systems abnormalities in adults with childhood ADHD: a DT-MRI study of connections
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is hypothesized to be due, in part, to structural defects in brain networks influencing cognitive, affective, and motor behaviors. Although the current literature on fiber tracts is limited in ADHD, gray matter abnormalities suggest that white matter (WM) connections may be altered selectively in neural systems. A prior study (Ashtari et al. 2005), using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI), showed alterations within the frontal and cerebellar WM in children and adolescents with ADHD. In this study of adults with childhood ADHD, we hypothesized that fiber pathways subserving attention and executive functions (EFs) would be altered. To this end, the cingulum bundle (CB) and superior longitudinal fascicle II (SLF II) were investigated in vivo in 12 adults with childhood ADHD and 17 demographically comparable unaffected controls using DT-MRI. Relative to controls, the fractional anisotropy (FA) values were significantly smaller in both regions of interest in the right hemisphere, in contrast to a control region (the fornix), indicating an alteration of anatomical connections within the attention and EF cerebral systems in adults with childhood ADHD. The demonstration of FA abnormalities in the CB and SLF II in adults with childhood ADHD provides further support for persistent structural abnormalities into adulthood.
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Structural MRI studies indicate that cingulate cortex volume is reduced in ADHD.
“Structural MRI studies indicate that cingulate cortex volume is reduced in ADHD (Amico et al., 2011; Makris et al., 2007)”
From The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction (2018) · cites this paper as Makris et al., 2007
In ADHD, reduced FA in the cingulum is sometimes, but not consistently, reported.
“highlight the variable pattern of changes in which reduced FA in the cingulum is sometimes, but not consistently, reported (Makris et al., 2007; Pavuluri et al., 2009; Chiang et al., 2016; Table 2).”
From The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction (2018) · cites this paper as Makris et al., 2007
In patients with ADHD, white matter tracts linking the PFC to other brain regions appear less well organized, and functional connectivity is reduced.
“In patients with ADHD, the white matter tracts that link the PFC to other brain regions also appear less well organized (Casey et al., 2007; Makris et al., 2008), and functional connectivity is reduced (Castellanos et al., 2008).”
From Catecholamine influences on prefrontal cortical function: Relevance to treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and related disorders (2011) · cites this paper as Makris et al., 2008
Adults with ADHD have reduced connectivity in the orbito-medial prefrontal cortex, right anterior cingulate, right anterior corona radiata, and superior as well as inferior longitudinal fasciculus.
“Some studies support that ADHD is associated with lifelong abnormal connectivity by showing that adults with ADHD have reduced connectivity in the orbito-medial prefrontal cortex, right anterior cingulate, right anterior corona radiata and the superior as well as inferior longitudinal fasciculus among other regions [18–21]”
From The brain anatomy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults—a magnetic resonance imaging study (2017) · cites this paper as [18]
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“, 2012] and decrease [Ashtari et al., 2005; Lawrence et al., 2013; Makris et al., 2008] in FA in patients with respect to healthy individuals.”
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- Authors
- Makris, N., Buka, S. L., Biederman, J., Papadimitriou, G. M., Hodge, S. M., Valera, E. M., Brown, A. B., Bush, G., Monuteaux, M. C., Caviness, V. S., Kennedy, D. N., & Seidman, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Brown University (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-09-30
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1210-1220
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- OpenAlex
- W2144235157
- Cited by
- 239
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 9.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- March of Dimes Foundation
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- Otsuka America
- Shire
- National Institutes of Health (1f32mh065040-01a1)
- National Institute of Mental Health (F32 MH065040-01A1, MH 16259, T32MH016259)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- National Center for Research Resources (P41RR014075)
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (MH/HD 62152)
- UCB Pharma
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, childhood ADHD, adult ADHD, white matter abnormalities, cingulum, fractional anisotropy, attention, executive function, brain connectivity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain Mapping, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neural Pathways, Fornix, Brain, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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