Bias Awareness Predicts Color Conscious Racial Socialization Methods among White Parents

Perry, Sylvia P.; Skinner, Allison L.; Abaied, Jamie L.

doi:10.1111/josi.12348

Cited by 110Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchSocial and Intergroup PsychologyCritical Race Theory in Education

Bias Awareness Predicts Color Conscious Racial Socialization Methods among White Parents

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Perry, Sylvia P., Skinner, Allison L., Abaied, Jamie L.·2019·Journal of Social Issues

DOI 10.1111/josi.12348

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Abstract

The majority of White parents in the United States are uncomfortable discussing race with their children and tend to avoid it. When they do discuss race with their children, they often take a color blind approach—in which they emphasize a belief that race does not matter—instead of a color conscious approach—in which they acknowledge race‐related issues. In the current study, we sought to explore the individual difference factors that may be associated with White American parents’ racial socialization practices. Results indicated that parents’ racial bias awareness was associated with greater willingness to discuss race with their children, increased color consciousness, and decreased color blindness; when statistically controlling for their racial attitudes, motivations to respond without prejudice, and interracial contact. The potential impacts of bias awareness interventions on White parents’ racial socialization behaviors are discussed.

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Racial colorblindness shapes how white parents talk, or do not talk, to their children about race.
“and shapes how white parents talk, or do not talk, to their children about race (Hagerman, 2018; Perry et al., 2019; Sullivan et al., 2021).”
From Studying Ethnic-Racial Identity among White Youth: White Supremacy as a Developmental Context (2022) · cites this paper as Perry et al., 2019

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Authors: Perry, S. P., Skinner, A. L., & Abaied, J. L.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
University of Vermont (US)
Corresponding author: Perry, Sylvia P.
ORCID: Perry, Sylvia P.
Skinner, Allison L.
Abaied, Jamie L.
Venue: Journal of Social Issues
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2019-08-25
Volume: 75
Issue: 4
Pages: 1035-1056
ISSN: 0022-4537 (ISSN-L)
1540-4560
DOI: 10.1111/josi.12348
OpenAlex: W2970790366
Cited by: 110
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4
FWCI: 21.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
doi.org
Licence: public-domain
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Social Issues (publishedVersion)
PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Critical Race Theory in Education
Keywords: racial socialization, white parents, color consciousness, color vision deficiency, interracial contact, racial attitudes, prejudice reduction interventions, individual differences

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Bias Awareness Predicts Color Conscious Racial Socialization Methods among White Parents

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