A narrative review on burnout experienced by medical students and residents
Abstract
Objective: To summarise articles reporting on burnout among medical students and residents (trainees) in a narrative review. Methods: MEDLINE was searched for peer‐reviewed, English language articles published between 1990 and 2015 reporting on burnout among trainees. The search used combinations of Medical Subject Heading terms medical student , resident , internship and residency, and burnout, professional . Reference lists of articles were reviewed to identify additional studies. A subset of high‐quality studies was selected. Results: Studies suggest a high prevalence of burnout among trainees, with levels higher than in the general population. Burnout can undermine trainees’ professional development, place patients at risk, and contribute to a variety of personal consequences, including suicidal ideation. Factors within the learning and work environment, rather than individual attributes, are the major drivers of burnout. Limited data are available regarding how to best address trainee burnout, but multi‐pronged efforts, with attention to culture, the learning and work environment and individual behaviours, are needed to promote trainees’ wellness and to help those in distress. Conclusion: Medical training is a stressful time. Large, prospective studies are needed to identify cause‒effect relationships and the best approaches for improving the trainee experience.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Burnout in HCPs is associated with cognitive dysfunction, poor physical and mental health outcomes, and the use of more sick days.
“Extensive research shows that burnout is related to cognitive dysfunction,2 poor physical and mental health outcomes,3–6 and the use of more sick days.7”
From Being Mindful: A Long-term Investigation of an Interdisciplinary Course in Mindfulness (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
Cites
(1996) · Consulting Psychologists Press eBooks · Cited by 7,863 · see citing works
Shanafelt, T. D., Boone, S., Tan, L., Dyrbye, L. N., Sotile, W., Satele, D., West, C. P., Sloan, J., & Oreskovich, M. R. (2012) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3199 · Cited by 3,439 · see citing works
Self-citationDyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2006) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200604000-00009 · Cited by 2,909 · see citing works
Self-citationBurnout and self-reported patient care in an internal medicine residency program
Shanafelt, T. D., Bradley, K. A., Wipf, J. E., & Back, A. L. (2002) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-5-200203050-00008 · Cited by 2,165 · see citing works
Self-citationDyrbye, L. N., West, C. P., Satele, D., Boone, S., Tan, L., Sloan, J., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2014) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000134 · Cited by 2,040 · see citing works
Self-citationKrasner, M. S. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1384 · Cited by 1,650 · see citing works
Physician wellness: a missing quality indicator
Wallace, J. E., Lemaire, J. B., & Ghali, W. A. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61424-0 · Cited by 1,608 · see citing works
Burnout and Suicidal Ideation among U.S. Medical Students
Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., Massie, F. S., Power, D. V., Eacker, A., Harper, W., Durning, S., Moutier, C., Szydlo, D. W., Novotny, P. J., et al. (2008) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-149-5-200809020-00008 · Cited by 1,532 · see citing works
Self-citationWest, C. P., Huschka, M. M., Novotny, P. J., Sloan, J. A., Kolars, J. C., Habermann, T. M., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.296.9.1071 · Cited by 1,454 · see citing works
Self-citationStress and depression among medical students: a cross-sectional study
Dahlin, M., Joneborg, N., & Runeson, B. (2005) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02176.x · Cited by 1,226 · see citing works
Rates of medication errors among depressed and burnt out residents: prospective cohort study
Fahrenkopf, A. M., Sectish, T. C., Barger, L. K., Sharek, P. J., Lewin, D., Chiang, V. W., Edwards, S., Wiedermann, B. L., & Landrigan, C. P. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39469.763218.be · Cited by 1,175 · see citing works
The Convergent Validity of Two Burnout Instruments
Demerouti, E., Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Vardakou, I., & Κάντας, Α. (2003) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027//1015-5759.19.1.12 · Cited by 1,066 · see citing works
Association of resident fatigue and distress with perceived medical errors
West, C. P. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1389 · Cited by 999 · see citing works
Relationship Between Burnout and Professional Conduct and Attitudes Among US Medical Students
Dyrbye, L. N., Massie, F. S., Eacker, A., Harper, W., Power, D., Durning, S. J., Thomas, M. R., Moutier, C., Satele, D., Sloan, J., et al. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1318 · Cited by 896 · see citing works
Self-citationShanafelt, T. D. (2011) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.2010.292 · Cited by 869 · see citing works
Self-citationShanafelt, T. D., Sloan, J. A., & Habermann, T. M. (2003) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(03)00117-7 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
Self-citationQuality of Life, Burnout, Educational Debt, and Medical Knowledge Among Internal Medicine Residents
West, C. P., Shanafelt, T. D., & Kolars, J. C. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1247 · Cited by 719 · see citing works
Self-citationWest, C. P., Dyrbye, L. N., Rabatin, J. T., Call, T. G., Davidson, J. H., Multari, A., Romanski, S. A., Hellyer, J. M. H., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2014) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.14387 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Self-citationHarassment and Discrimination in Medical Training
Fnais, N., Soobiah, C., Chen, M. H., Lillie, E., Perrier, L., Tashkhandi, M., Straus, S. E., Mamdani, M., Al-Omran, M. A., & Tricco, A. C. (2014) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000200 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Depression, Stigma, and Suicidal Ideation in Medical Students
Schwenk, T. L., Davis, L., & Wimsatt, L. A. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1300 · Cited by 676 · see citing works
Confronting Depression and Suicide in Physicians: A Consensus Statement
Center, C., Davis, M., Detre, T., Ford, D. E., Hansbrough, W., Hendin, H., Laszlo, J., Litts, D. A., Mann, J., Mansky, P. A., et al. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3161 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Personal Life Events and Medical Student Burnout: A Multicenter Study
Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., Huntington, J. L., Lawson, K. L., Novotny, P. J., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2006) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200604000-00010 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Self-citationHow Do Distress and Well-being Relate to Medical Student Empathy? A Multicenter Study
Thomas, M. R., Dyrbye, L. N., Huntington, J. L., Lawson, K. L., Novotny, P. J., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2007) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-006-0039-6 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Self-citationMcManus, I. C., Keeling, A. N., & PAICE, E. W. (2004) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-2-29 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Depressive Symptoms in Medical Students and Residents: A Multischool Study
Goebert, D., Thompson, D., Takeshita, J., Beach, C., Bryson, P., Ephgrave, K., Kent, A., Kunkel, M., Schechter, J., & Tate, J. (2009) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31819391bb · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorders Among American Surgeons
Oreskovich, M. R. (2012) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.2011.1481 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Rosen, I. M., Gimotty, P. A., Shea, J. A., & Bellini, L. M. (2006) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200601000-00020 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Medical Student Mental Health 3.0
Slavin, S. J., Schindler, D. L., & Chibnall, J. T. (2014) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000166 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
The Emotional Impact of Medical Errors on Practicing Physicians in the United States and Canada
Waterman, A. D., Garbutt, J. M., Hazel, E., Dunagan, W. C., Levinson, W. S., Fraser, V. J., & Gallagher, T. H. (2007) · The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety · doi:10.1016/s1553-7250(07)33050-x · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Burnout and Serious Thoughts of Dropping Out of Medical School: A Multi-Institutional Study
Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., Power, D. V., Durning, S., Moutier, C., Massie, F. S., Harper, W., Eacker, A., Szydlo, D. W., Sloan, J. A., et al. (2010) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181c46aad · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Self-citationThe learning environment and medical student burnout: a multicentre study
Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., Harper, W. R., Massie, F. S., Power, D. V., Eacker, A. M., Szydlo, D. W., Novotny, P. J., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2009) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03282.x · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Self-citationDahlin, M. E., & Runeson, B. (2007) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/1472-6920-7-6 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Psychological stress and burnout in medical students: a five-year prospective longitudinal study
Guthrie, E., Black, D., Bagalkote, H., Shaw, C., Campbell, M., & Creed, F. (1998) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107689809100502 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Towards an understanding of resilience and its relevance to medical training
Howe, A. C., Smajdor, A., & Stöckl, A. (2012) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04188.x · Cited by 444 · see citing works
The prevalence of substance use disorders in American physicians
Oreskovich, M. R., Shanafelt, T. D., Dyrbye, L. N., Tan, L., Sotile, W. M., Satele, D., West, C. P., Sloan, J. A., & Boone, S. L. (2015) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12173 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Self-citationDistress Among Matriculating Medical Students Relative to the General Population
Brazeau, C. M. L. R., Shanafelt, T. D., Durning, S. J., Massie, F. S., Eacker, A. M., Moutier, C. Y., Satele, D., Sloan, J. A., & Dyrbye, L. N. (2014) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000482 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Self-citationRelationships Between Medical Student Burnout, Empathy, and Professionalism Climate
Brazeau, C. M. L. R., Schroeder, R., Rovi, S., & Boyd, L. (2010) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181ed4c47 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Dyrbye, L. N., Power, D. V., Massie, F. S., Eacker, A. M., Harper, W. R., Thomas, M. R., Szydlo, D. W., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2010) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03754.x · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Self-citationShanafelt, T. D. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1385 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Self-citationBurnout in medical residents: a review
Prins, J. T., Gazendam‐Donofrio, S. M., Tubben, B. J., Van Der Heijden, F. M. M. A., Van De Wiel, H. B. M., & Hoekstra‐Weebers, J. E. H. M. (2007) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02797.x · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Race, Ethnicity, and Medical Student Well-being in the United States
Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., Eacker, A. M., Harper, W. R., Massie, F. S., Power, D. V., Huschka, M. M., Novotny, P. J., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.19.2103 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Self-citationDyrbye, L. N., Eacker, A. M., Durning, S. J., Brazeau, C. M. L. R., Moutier, C. Y., Massie, F. S., Satele, D., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2015) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000655 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Self-citationBurnout and Alcohol Abuse/Dependence Among U.S. Medical Students
Jackson, E. R., Shanafelt, T. D., Hasan, O., Satele, D., & Dyrbye, L. N. (2016) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000001138 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Prevalence of Medical Student Mistreatment and Its Association With Burnout
Cook, A. F., Arora, V. M., Rasinski, K. A., Curlin, F. A., & Yoon, J. D. (2014) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000204 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Burnout and psychiatric morbidity in new medical graduates
Willcock, S., Daly, M., Tennant, C., & Allard, B. J. (2004) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06325.x · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Interventions to Reduce the Consequences of Stress in Physicians: A Review and Meta-Analysis
Regehr, C., Glancy, D., Pitts, A., & LeBlanc, V. R. (2014) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000130 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Empathy among Medical Students: Is There a Relation with Quality of Life and Burnout?
Paro, H. B. M. D. S., Silveira, P. S. P., Perotta, B., Gannam, S., Enns, S. C., Giaxa, R. R. B., Bonito, R. F., Martins, M. A., & Tempski, P. Z. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094133 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Blanchard, P., Truchot, D., Albiges, L. K., Dewas, S., Pointreau, Y., Rodrigues, M. J., Xhaard, A., Loriot, Y., Giraud, P., Soria, J., et al. (2010) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2010.05.014 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Reed, D. A., Shanafelt, T. D., Satele, D. W., Power, D. V., Eacker, A., Harper, W., Moutier, C., Durning, S., Massie, F. S., Thomas, M. R., et al. (2011) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3182305d81 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Self-citationVicissitudes of Depressed Mood During Four Years of Medical School
Clark, D. C. (1988) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1988.03410170069036 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Suicidal Thoughts Among Medical Residents with Burnout
van der Heijden, F., Dillingh, G. S., Bakker, A. B., & Prins, J. (2008) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811110802325349 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
The Role of Emotion in the Learning and Transfer of Clinical Skills and Knowledge
McConnell, M., & Eva, K. W. (2012) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3182675af2 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Lucey, C. R. (2013) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.9074 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Bloodgood, R. A., Short, J. G., Jackson, J. M., & Martindale, J. R. (2009) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31819f6d78 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Drolet, B. C., & Rodgers, S. (2009) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181c46963 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Weight, C., Sellon, J. L., Lessard-Anderson, C. R., Shanafelt, T. D., Olsen, K. D., & Laskowski, E. R. (2013) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.09.010 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Exploratory Study of Resident Burnout and Wellness
Eckleberry-Hunt, J., Lick, D., Boura, J., Hunt, R., Balasubramaniam, M., Mulhem, E., & Fisher, C. (2009) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181938a45 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Williams, E. S., Konrad, T. R., Linzer, M., McMurray, J. E., Pathman, D. E., Gerrity, M., Schwartz, M. D., Scheckler, W. E., & Douglas, J. (2002) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.00007 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Teaching mindfulness in medical school: where are we now and where are we going?
Dobkin, P. L., & Hutchinson, T. A. (2013) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.12200 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Utility of a Brief Screening Tool to Identify Physicians in Distress
Dyrbye, L. N., Satele, D., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2012) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2252-9 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Benefits of Pass-Fail Grading on Stress, Mood, and Group Cohesion in Medical Students
Rohe, D. E., Barrier, P. A., Clark, M. M., Cook, D. A., Vickers, K. S., & Decker, P. A. (2006) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/81.11.1443 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Haglund, M., Rot, M. A. H., Cooper, N. S., Nestadt, P. S., Müller, D. C., Southwick, S. M., & Charney, D. S. (2009) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31819381b1 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Predictors of Persistent Burnout in Internal Medicine Residents: A Prospective Cohort Study
Campbell, J., Prochazka, A. V., Yamashita, T. E., & Gopal, R. K. (2010) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181f0c4e7 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Becker, J. L., Milad, M. P., & Klock, S. C. (2006) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.06.075 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Golub, J. S., Weiss, P. S., Ramesh, A. K., Ossoff, R. H., & Johns, M. M. (2007) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3180556825 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Eradicating Medical Student Mistreatment
Fried, J. M., Vermillion, M., Parker, N. H., et al. (2012) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3182625408 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Weiss, K. B., Wagner, R., & Nasca, T. J. (2012) · Journal of Graduate Medical Education · doi:10.4300/jgme-04-03-31 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
West, C. P., Tan, A. D., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2012) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.07.021 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationPerformance-based self-esteem and burnout in a cross-sectional study of medical students
Dahlin, M., Joneborg, N., & Runeson, B. (2007) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421590601175309 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Reed, D. A., Fletcher, K. E., & Arora, V. M. (2010) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-153-12-201012210-00010 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Repetition of Self-Harm: A Systematic Review of Prospective Hospital-Based Studies
Larkin, C., Blasi, Z. D., & Arensman, E. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084282 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Mental health: A report of the Surgeon General--Executive summary.
Satcher, D. S. (2000) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037//0735-7028.31.1.5 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Ripp, J., Babyatsky, M., Fallar, R., Bazari, H., Bellini, L., Kapadia, C., Katz, J. T., Pecker, M., & Korenstein, D. (2011) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31822c1236 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Ability of the Physician Well-Being Index to Identify Residents in Distress
Dyrbye, L. N., Satele, D., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2014) · Journal of Graduate Medical Education · doi:10.4300/jgme-d-13-00117.1 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationFletcher, K. E., Reed, D. A., & Arora, V. M. (2011) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1657-1 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
A program for reducing depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in medical students
Thompson, D., Goebert, D., & Takeshita, J. (2010) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181f0b49c · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Shanafelt, T. D., Kaups, K. L., Nelson, H., Satele, D., Sloan, J. A., Oreskovich, M. R., & Dyrbye, L. N. (2013) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e3182a58fa4 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationLatiolais, C. A., Silvester, J. A., & Ginsburg, D. B. (2019) · ASHP eBooks · doi:10.37573/9781585286270.021 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Efficacy of a Brief Screening Tool to Identify Medical Students in Distress
Dyrbye, L. N., Schwartz, A., Downing, S. M., Szydlo, D. W., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2011) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31821da615 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationCosgrove, D. M., FISHER, M. S., Gabow, P. A., Gottlieb, G. L., Halvorson, G. C., James, B. C., Kaplan, G. S., Perlin, J. B., Petzel, R. A., Steele, G. D., et al. (2013) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1074 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Öhberg, A., Vuori, E., Ojanperä, I. A., & Lönnqvist, J. K. (1996) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.169.1.75 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Burnout in Pediatric Residents Over a 2-Year Period: A Longitudinal Study
Pantaleoni, J. L., Augustine, E. M., Sourkes, B. M., & Bachrach, L. K. (2014) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2013.12.001 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Using Behavior Change Plans to Improve Medical Student Self-Care
Kushner, R. F., Kessler, S., & McGaghie, W. C. (2011) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31821da193 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Anxiety and Anger among Family Practice Residents
Michels, P. J., Probst, J. C., Godenick, M. T., & Palesch, Y. Y. (2003) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200301000-00013 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
The Impact of Duty Hours Restrictions on Job Burnout in Internal Medicine Residents
Ripp, J. A., Bellini, L. M., Fallar, R., Bazari, H., Katz, J. T., & Korenstein, D. R. (2015) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000641 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Nurturing resiliency in medical trainees
Dyrbye, L. N., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2012) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04206.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of medical student burnout with residency specialty choice
Enoch, L., Chibnall, J. T., Schindler, D. L., & Slavin, S. J. (2013) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.12083 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Functional Neuroimaging Correlates of Burnout among Internal Medicine Residents and Faculty Members
Durning, S. J., Costanzo, M. E., Artino, A. R., Dyrbye, L. N., Beckman, T. J., Schuwirth, L., Holmboe, E. S., Roy, M. J., Wittich, C. M., Lipner, R. S., et al. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00131 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationBurnout and quality of life among orthopaedic trainees in a modern educational programme
van Vendeloo, S. N., Brand, P. L. P., & Verheyen, C. C. P. M. (2014) · The Bone & Joint Journal · doi:10.1302/0301-620x.96b8.33609 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The relationship between reciprocity and burnout in Dutch medical residents
Prins, J., Gazendam-Donofrio, S. M., Dillingh, G. S., van de Wiel, H. B. M., der Heijden, F. M. M. A. V., & Hoekstra‐Weebers, J. E. H. M. (2008) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03041.x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Decreasing GME Training Stress to Foster Residents’ Professionalism
Mareiniss, D. P. (2004) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200409000-00003 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Dahlin, M., Fjell, J., & Runeson, B. (2010) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039481003759219 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The problems program directors inherit: medical student distress at the time of graduation
Dyrbye, L. N., Moutier, C. Y., Durning, S. J., Massie, F. S., Power, D. V., Eacker, A. M., Harper, W. R., Thomas, M. R., Satele, D., Sloan, J. A., et al. (2011) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2011.577468 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationMeaningful Roles for Medical Students in the Provision of Longitudinal Patient Care
Curry, R. H. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.16541 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Dyrbye, L. N., West, C. P., Satele, D., Boone, S. L., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2014) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000604 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationRedesigning Residency Education — Moving beyond Work Hours
Ludmerer, K. M. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme1001457 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Yaldizli, Ö., Kuhl, H. C., Graf, M., Wiesbeck, G. A., & Wurst, F. M. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00089.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Is There a Connection Between High Educational Debt and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students?
Dyrbye, L. N., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-4-200902170-00023 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Physician burnout: contributors, consequences and solutions
West, C. P., Dyrbye, L. N., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2018) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12752 · Cited by 2,768 · see citing works
Self-citationZhou, A. Y., Panagioti, M., Esmail, A., Agius, R., Van Tongeren, M., & Bower, P. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13761 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Reimagining Medical Education in the Age of AI
(2019) · AMA Journal of Ethics · doi:10.1001/amajethics.2019.146 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Robertson, S. L., Robinson, M. D., & Reid, A. (2017) · Journal of Graduate Medical Education · doi:10.4300/jgme-d-16-00123.1 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Fainstad, T., Mann, A., Suresh, K., Shah, P., Dieujuste, N., Thurmon, K., & Jones, C. D. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.10752 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based stress reduction for residents: A randomized controlled trial
Verweij, H., van Ravesteijn, H., van Hooff, M. L. M., Lagro-Janssen, A. L. M., & Speckens, A. E. M. (2018) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-017-4249-x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Prevalence of burnout syndrome in university students: a systematic review
Rosales-Ricardo, Y., Rizzo-Chunga, F., Mocha-Bonilla, J., & Ferreira, J. P. (2021) · Salud mental · doi:10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.013 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Khalafallah, A. M., Lam, S., Gami, A., Dornbos, D. L., Sivakumar, W., Johnson, J. N., & Mukherjee, D. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2020.08.012 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Ong, N. Y., Teo, F. J. J., Ee, J. Z. Y., Yau, C. E., Thumboo, J., Tan, H. K., & Ng, Q. X. (2024) · General Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/gpsych-2023-101115 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Burnout among medical students in Cyprus: A cross-sectional study
Nteveros, A., Kyprianou, M., Artemiadis, A., Charalampous, A., Christoforaki, K., Cheilidis, S., Germanos, O., Bargiotas, P., Chatzittofis, A., & Zis, P. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241335 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Braun, S. E., Kinser, P. A., & Rybarczyk, B. (2019) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/iby059 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
A mindfulness intervention for residents: relevance for pediatricians
Taylor, M., Hageman, J. R., & Brown, M. (2016) · Pediatric Annals · doi:10.3928/19382359-20160912-01 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Feasibility and effectiveness of an online mindfulness meditation program for medical students
Danilewitz, M., Koszycki, D., Maclean, H., Sanchez-Campos, M., Gonsalves, C., Archibald, D., & Bradwejn, J. (2018) · Canadian Medical Education Journal · doi:10.36834/cmej.43041 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Fino, E., Martoni, M., & Russo, P. M. (2021) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-021-10039-w · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“…perceived stress, psychosomatic problems and difficulties in wakefulness towards the end compared to the beginning of the trimester, further corroborating literature on the pressures of medical education and potential impact on student wellbeing (Dyrbye & Shanafelt, 2011, 2016; Kemp et al., 2019).”
BackgroundResultde Mélo Silva Júnior, M. L., Valença, M. M., & Rocha-Filho, P. A. S. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03916-0 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Hauer, K. E., Chang, A., van Schaik, S. M., Lucey, C., Cowell, T., & Teherani, A. (2023) · Teaching and Learning in Medicine · doi:10.1080/10401334.2022.2111570 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Creating a compassion system to achieve efficiency and quality in health care delivery
Vogus, T. J., McClelland, L. E., Lee, Y. S. H., McFadden, K. L., & Hu, X. (2021) · Journal of Service Management · doi:10.1108/josm-05-2019-0132 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Heppe, D., Baduashvili, A., Limes, J. E., Suddarth, K., Mann, A., Gottenborg, E., Sacro, Y., Davis, L., Chacko, K., & Connors, G. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0037 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Being Mindful: A Long-term Investigation of an Interdisciplinary Course in Mindfulness
Braun, S. E., Kinser, P., Carrico, C. K., & Dow, A. (2019) · Global Advances In Health and Medicine · doi:10.1177/2164956118820064 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Daryanto, B., Rahmadiani, N., Amorga, R., Kautsarani, I., Susilo, H., & Persada Isma, S. P. (2022) · Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health · doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2022.100994 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Watanabe, T., & Akechi, T. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04811-y · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ditton, E., Knott, B., Hodyl, N., Horton, G., Oldmeadow, C., Walker, F. R., & Nilsson, M. (2023) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/42566 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Purdie, D. R., Federman, M., Chin, A., Winston, D., Bursch, B., Olmstead, R., Bulut, Y., & Irwin, M. R. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-022-09896-3 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ogunyemi, D., Darwish, A. G., Young, G., Cyr, E., Lee, C., Arabian, S., Challakere, K., Lee, T., Wong, S., & Raval, N. (2022) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-022-03366-y · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Awadallah, N. S., Jones, T. S., Christian, N., Fainstad, T., Nyquist, J., Schreiber, J., Fung, C.-C., Rumack, C. M., Nehler, M., & Jaiswal, K. R. (2023) · Journal of Surgical Education · doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2022.09.021 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Henchiri, H., Tannoubi, A., Harrathi, C., Boussayala, G., Quansah, F., Hagan, J. E., Mechergui, H., Chaabeni, A., Chebbi, T., Lakhal, T. B., et al. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13020173 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Devine, L. A., Ginsburg, S., Stenfors, T., Cil, T. D., McDonald-Blumer, H., Walsh, C. M., & Stroud, L. (2019) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000002411 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Psychiatry
Ivkovic, A., Evans, S., Mirsky, P., Ashar, Y. K., & Muskin, P. R. (2024) · Tasman’s Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51366-5_159 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dyrbye, L., & Shanafelt, T.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dyrbye, Liselotte
- Venue
- Medical Education
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-12-23
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 132-149
- ISSN
- 0308-0110 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2923
- OpenAlex
- W2217463225
- Cited by
- 1,134
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 101 · 2025: 111 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 126 · 2022: 135 · 2021: 139 · 2020: 133 · 2019: 117 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 8.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medical Education (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Innovations in Medical Education
- Keywords
- burnout, medical students, medical residents, professional burnout, suicidal ideation, learning environment, work environment, professional development
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Burnout, Professional, Humans, Internship and Residency, Physicians, Risk Factors, Students, Medical, Prevalence, Workplace, Suicidal Ideation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review