Cited by 551Phytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesNutritional Studies and DietPomegranate: compositions and health benefits

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The role of polyphenols in modern nutrition

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Williamson, G.·2017·Nutrition Bulletin

DOI 10.1111/nbu.12278PMC PMC5601283

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Abstract

Abstract Polyphenols are found in plant‐based foods and beverages, notably apples, berries, citrus fruit, plums, broccoli, cocoa, tea and coffee and many others. There is substantial epidemiological evidence that a diet high in polyphenol‐rich fruit, vegetables, cocoa and beverages protects against developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The absorption and metabolism of these compounds have been well described and, for many, the gut microbiota play a critical role in absorption; taking into consideration the parent compound and the metabolites from colon bacteria catabolism, more than 80% of a dose can be absorbed and ultimately excreted in the urine. Common polyphenols in the diet are flavanols (cocoa, tea, apples, broad beans), flavanones (hesperidin in citrus fruit), hydroxycinnamates (coffee, many fruits), flavonols (quercetin in onions, apples and tea) and anthocyanins (berries). Many intervention studies, mechanistic in vitro data and epidemiological studies support a role for polyphenols against the development of chronic diseases. For example, flavanols decrease endothelial dysfunction, lower blood pressure and cholesterol, and modulate energy metabolism. Coffee and tea both reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, through action of their constituent polyphenols. Despite extensive research, the exact mechanisms of action of polyphenols in the human body have not been decisively proven, but there is strong evidence that some targets such as nitric oxide metabolism, carbohydrate digestion and oxidative enzymes are important for health benefits. Consumption of polyphenols as healthy dietary components is consistent with the advice to eat five or more portions of fruit and vegetables per day, but it is currently difficult to recommend what ‘doses’ of specific polyphenols should be consumed to derive maximum benefit.

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Dietary Intake and Bioavailability of Polyphenols
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BackgroundSelf-citation
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Polyphenols more than an Antioxidant: Role and Scope
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ASUPAN PROTEIN, ZAT BESI DAN STATUS GIZI PADA REMAJA PUTRI
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Polyphenols–Gut–Heart: An Impactful Relationship to Improve Cardiovascular Diseases
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Anticancer potential of naturally occurring immunoepigenetic modulators: A promising avenue?
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Background
Ready-to-Drink Tea
Dubey, K. K., Janve, M., Ray, A., & Singhal, R. S. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816938-4.00004-5 · Cited by 33
Effect of wheat species (Triticum aestivum vs T. spelta), farming system (organic vs conventional) and flour type (wholegrain vs white) on composition of wheat flour; results of a retail survey in the UK and Germany – 1. Mycotoxin content
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Effect of sweeteners and storage on compositional and sensory properties of blackberry jams
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Effects of Functional Phenolics Dietary Supplementation on Athletes’ Performance and Recovery: A Review
Gonçalves, A. C., Gaspar, D., Flores‐Félix, J. D., Falcão, A. C., Alves, G., & Silva, L. R. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23094652 · Cited by 33
Cooking at home to retain nutritional quality and minimise nutrient losses: A focus on vegetables, potatoes and pulses
Coe, S., & Spiro, A. (2022) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/nbu.12584 · Cited by 33
Insights into grape-derived health benefits: a comprehensive overview
Cruz, M. A. D. A. S., Elias, M. D. B., Călina, D. C., Sharifi‐Rad, J., & Teodoro, A. J. (2024) · Food Production Processing and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s43014-024-00267-z · Cited by 29
“A bb a s e t a l ., 2017 ; L i u e t a l ., 2019 ; P a n c h a l & B r o w n , 2023 ; W i ll i a m s o n e t a l ., 2017 ; M a n a c h e t a l ., 2004 ; 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis (Soner & Sahin, 2014).”
Polyphenols and Sesquiterpene Lactones from Artichoke Heads: Modulation of Starch Digestion, Gut Bioaccessibility, and Bioavailability following In Vitro Digestion and Large Intestine Fermentation
Rocchetti, G., Giuberti, G., Lucchini, F., & Lucini, L. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9040306 · Cited by 29
“Previous information indicates a relatively low absorption of polyphenols, not exceeding plasma concentrations of 10 μM [9,10], likely related to the wide diversity in chemical structure among polyphenols able to affect their actual absorption in the gut [10].”
Background
Comprehensive screening and characterization of polyphenol compounds from pasture grasses used for livestock production under temperate region
Amrit, B. K., Ponnampalam, E. N., Macwan, S., Wu, H., Aziz, A., Muir, S. K., Dunshea, F. R., & Suleria, H. A. R. (2023) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115657 · Cited by 28
Compounds targeting ferroptosis in breast cancer: progress and their therapeutic potential
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“This category includes various bioactive plant metabolites like phenolic acids, ﬂ avonoids, lignans, anthocyanins, and others (Williamson, 2017; Cory et al., 2018).”
Background
Exploring gut microbial metabolites as key players in inhibition of cancer progression: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Yin, T., Zhang, X., Xiong, Y., Li, B., Guo, D. M., Sha, Z., Lin, X., & Wu, H. (2024) · Microbiological Research · doi:10.1016/j.micres.2024.127871 · Cited by 29
Changing to a Low-Polyphenol Diet Alters Vascular Biomarkers in Healthy Men after Only Two Weeks
Hurtado‐Barroso, S., Quifer‐Rada, P., de Alvarenga, J. F. R., Pérez-Fernández, S., Tresserra‐Rimbau, A., & Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10111766 · Cited by 32
Supplementation with biscuits enriched with hesperidin and naringenin is associated with an improvement of the Metabolic Syndrome induced by a cafeteria diet in rats
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Berry-Enriched Diet in Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Rats: Metabolic Fate of (Poly)Phenols and the Role of Gut Microbiota
Gomes, A., Oudot, C., Macià, A., Foito, A., Carregosa, D., Stewart, D., de Wiele, T. V., Berry, D., Motilva, M., Brenner, C., et al. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11112634 · Cited by 29
Caffeic and Dihydrocaffeic Acids Promote Longevity and Increase Stress Resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans by Modulating Expression of Stress-Related Genes
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Screening of Phenolic Compounds in Rejected Avocado and Determination of Their Antioxidant Potential
Fan, S., Qi, Y., Shi, L., Giovani, M., Zaki, N. A. A., Guo, S., & Suleria, H. A. R. (2022) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr10091747 · Cited by 28
Neuro-Nutraceutical Polyphenols: How Far Are We?
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The Polyphenols as Potential Agents in Prevention and Therapy of Prostate Diseases
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“Polyphenols are found in a large number of plants, such as vegetables (artichokes, cabbage, broccoli, asparagus, avocado, beetroot, and spinach), nuts (nuts, hazelnuts, pistachio, almonds, Indian nuts, peanuts, pecans, and macadamia), dark pigmented fruit (cranberry, blueberry, plums, blackberries, raspberries, strawb…”
Colon Bioaccessibility under In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Different Coffee Brews Chemically Profiled through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS
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Pachl, P., Kapešová, J., Brynda, J., Biedermannová, L., Pelantová, H., Bojarová, P., Vladimír Křen, A., Řezáčová, P., & Kotik, M. (2020) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.15208 · Cited by 26
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Benefits of Barley Grain in Animal and Human Diets
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Polyphenol Intake in Pregnant Women on Gestational Diabetes Risk and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Offspring: A Systematic Review
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(Poly)phenols and dietary fiber in beans: Metabolism and nutritional impact in the gastrointestinal tract
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Understanding of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology for therapeutic implications of natural products as neuroprotective agents
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Pterostilbene modifies triglyceride metabolism in hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat high-fructose feeding: a comparison with its analog resveratrol
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“For example, polyphenols, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenolic alcohols, stilbenes and lignans, such as those found in apples, berries, citrus fruits, broccoli, cocoa, tea and coffee [90], have been found to target tolllike receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling pathways [91].”
Background
Effect of wheat species (Triticum aestivum vs T. spelta), farming system (organic vs conventional) and flour type (wholegrain vs white) on composition of wheat flour – Results of a retail survey in the UK and Germany – 3. Pesticide residue content
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A Systematic Review and Comprehensive Evaluation of Human Intervention Studies to Unravel the Bioavailability of Hydroxycinnamic Acids
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Phytochemicals in breast milk and their benefits for infants
Ríos, J., Valero-Jara, V., & Thomas‐Valdés, S. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1906627 · Cited by 24
“These compounds contribute to reduce oxidative stress due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (Williamson 2017).”
Background
Bio-Functional Activities of Tuscan Bee Pollen
Chelucci, E., Chiellini, C., Cavallero, A., & Gabriele, M. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12010115 · Cited by 24
Phenotyping the Chemical Communications of the Intestinal Microbiota and the Host: Secondary Bile Acids as Postbiotics
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“Polyphenols are largely found in fruits, vegetables and cereals, thus representing an important component of our diet [173].”
Functional Molecules in Locally-Adapted Crops: The Case Study of Tomatoes, Onions, and Sweet Cherry Fruits From Tuscany in Italy
Berni, R., Romi, M., Cantini, C., Hausman, J.-F., Guerriero, G., & Cai, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01983 · Cited by 25
“These results show that local fruits produce higher amounts of molecules that can be exploited as health-beneficial bioactive compounds (Williamson, 2017; Figure 1).”
Background
Polyphenol Extracts From Germinated Mung Beans Can Improve Type 2 Diabetes in Mice by Regulating Intestinal Microflora and Inhibiting Inflammation
Shen, X., Jiang, X., Qian, L., Zhang, A., Zuo, F., & Zhang, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.846409 · Cited by 23
Analgesic Effects of Ephedra Herb Extract, Ephedrine Alkaloids–Free Ephedra Herb Extract, Ephedrine, and Pseudoephedrine on Formalin-Induced Pain
Nakamori, S., Takahashi, J., Hyuga, S., Yang, J., Takemoto, H., Maruyama, T., Oshima, N., Uchiyama, N., Amakura, Y., Hyuga, M., et al. (2019) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.b19-00260 · Cited by 23
Plant-based Diets and Phytochemicals in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus and Prevention of its Complications: A Review
Ansari, P., Khan, J. T., Choudhary, S., Reberio, A. D., Kumar, S., Seidel, V., Abdel-Wahab, Y. H. A., & Flatt, P. R. (2024) · doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1739.v1 · Cited by 89

Authors: Williamson, G.
Affiliations: University of Leeds (GB)
Corresponding author: Williamson, G.
ORCID: Williamson, G.
Venue: Nutrition Bulletin
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2017-08-15
Volume: 42
Issue: 3
Pages: 226-235
ISSN: 1467-3010 (ISSN-L)
1471-9827
DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12278
PMC: PMC5601283
OpenAlex: W2749105166
Cited by: 551
References: 95
Citations by year: 2026: 62 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 3
FWCI: 5.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Nutrition Bulletin (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
Funders: European Research Council (POLYTRUE? 322467)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (DRINC BB/M027406/1)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Pomegranate: compositions and health benefits
Keywords: polyphenols, dietary polyphenols, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, gut microbiota, flavan-3-ols, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, anthocyanins, Theobroma cacao, tea, coffee, fruit and vegetable intake, endothelial dysfunction, nitric oxide, oxidative enzymes, chronic disease prevention

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