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Time-restricted feeding and risk of metabolic disease: a review of human and animal studies

Rothschild, Jeff, Hoddy, Kristin K, Jambazian, Pera, Varady, Krista A·2014·Nutrition Reviews

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Abstract

Time-restricted feeding (TRF), a key component of intermittent fasting regimens, has gained considerable attention in recent years. TRF allows ad libitum energy intake within controlled time frames, generally a 3-12 hour range each day. The impact of various TRF regimens on indicators of metabolic disease risk has yet to be investigated. Accordingly, the objective of this review was to summarize the current literature on the effects of TRF on body weight and markers of metabolic disease risk (i.e., lipid, glucoregulatory, and inflammatory factors) in animals and humans. Results from animal studies show TRF to be associated with reductions in body weight, total cholesterol, and concentrations of triglycerides, glucose, insulin, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α as well as with improvements in insulin sensitivity. Human data support the findings of animal studies and demonstrate decreased body weight (though not consistently), lower concentrations of triglycerides, glucose, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. These preliminary findings show promise for the use of TRF in modulating a variety of metabolic disease risk factors.

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Authors: Rothschild, J., Hoddy, K. K., Jambazian, P., & Varady, K. A.
Affiliations: School of Kinesiology and Nutritional Science; California State University; Los Angeles California USA
University of Illinois Chicago (US)
California State University Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author: Varady, Krista A
ORCID: Hoddy, Kristin K
Varady, Krista A
Venue: Nutrition Reviews
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2014-04-16
Volume: 72
Issue: 5
Pages: 308-318
ISSN: 0029-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1111/nure.12104
OpenAlex: W2013796966
Cited by: 241
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2
FWCI: 1.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Nutrition Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
California State University ScholarWorks (system-wide DSpace) (submittedVersion)
CSUN ScholarWorks (California State University, Northridge) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Dietary Effects on Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Diet and metabolism studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords: time-restricted feeding, intermittent fasting, metabolic disease risk, body weight, lipid profile, glucose and insulin, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, interleukin-6, TNF-α, cholesterol, triglycerides
MeSH terms: Animals, Eating, Fasting, Humans, Metabolic Diseases, Risk Factors, Biomarkers

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Time-restricted feeding and risk of metabolic disease: a review of human and animal studies

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