Cited by 201Oral microbiology and periodontitis researchNitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsGut microbiota and health

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The oral microbiome and nitric oxide homoeostasis

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Hezel, MP, Weitzberg, E·2015·Oral Diseases

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Abstract

The tiny radical nitric oxide (NO) participates in a vast number of physiological functions including vasodilation, nerve transmission, host defence and cellular energetics. Classically produced by a family of specific enzymes, NO synthases (NOS s), NO signals via reactions with other radicals or transition metals. An alternative pathway for the generation of NO is the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway in which the inorganic anions nitrate () and nitrite () are reduced to NO and other reactive nitrogen intermediates. Nitrate and nitrite are oxidation products from NOS‐dependent NO generation but also constituents in our diet, mainly in leafy green vegetables. Irrespective of origin, active uptake of circulating nitrate in the salivary glands, excretion in saliva and subsequent reduction to nitrite by oral commensal bacteria are all necessary steps for further NO generation. This central role of the oral cavity in regulating NO generation from nitrate presents a new and intriguing aspect of the human microbiome in health and disease. In this review, we present recent advances in our understanding of the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway and specifically highlight the importance of the oral cavity as a hub for its function.

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Authors: Hezel, M., & Weitzberg, E.
Affiliations: Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Corresponding author: Weitzberg, E
ORCID: Weitzberg, E
Venue: Oral Diseases
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2013-07-10
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 7-16
ISSN: 1354-523X (ISSN-L)
1601-0825
DOI: 10.1111/odi.12157
OpenAlex: W2113616233
Semantic Scholar: 3b5c2b57f5b193c903aecf55ee5f4d077dc8f448
Cited by: 201
References: 118
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3
FWCI: 0.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Oral Diseases (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Swedish Research Council
Torsten and Ragnar Söderbergs Foundation
David and Astrid Hagelén Foundation
Stockholm City Council (ALF) and Funds
Karolinska Institutet
Topics: Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Keywords: nitric oxide, nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, oral microbiota, nitrate uptake, nitrite reduction, salivary glands, oral commensal bacteria, nitric oxide synthase, reactive nitrogen species, saliva
MeSH terms: Homeostasis, Humans, Mouth, Nitrates, Nitric Oxide, Nitrites, Signal Transduction, Microbiota

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The oral microbiome and nitric oxide homoeostasis

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