Cited by 201Oral microbiology and periodontitis researchNitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsGut microbiota and health

The oral microbiome and nitric oxide homoeostasis

Open access
Hezel, MP, Weitzberg, E·2015·Oral Diseases

Abstract

The tiny radical nitric oxide (NO) participates in a vast number of physiological functions including vasodilation, nerve transmission, host defence and cellular energetics. Classically produced by a family of specific enzymes, NO synthases (NOS s), NO signals via reactions with other radicals or transition metals. An alternative pathway for the generation of NO is the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway in which the inorganic anions nitrate () and nitrite () are reduced to NO and other reactive nitrogen intermediates. Nitrate and nitrite are oxidation products from NOS‐dependent NO generation but also constituents in our diet, mainly in leafy green vegetables. Irrespective of origin, active uptake of circulating nitrate in the salivary glands, excretion in saliva and subsequent reduction to nitrite by oral commensal bacteria are all necessary steps for further NO generation. This central role of the oral cavity in regulating NO generation from nitrate presents a new and intriguing aspect of the human microbiome in health and disease. In this review, we present recent advances in our understanding of the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway and specifically highlight the importance of the oral cavity as a hub for its function.

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Crossref · 10.1111/odi.12157

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Authors
Hezel, M., & Weitzberg, E.
Affiliations
Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Corresponding author
Weitzberg, E
Venue
Oral Diseases
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2013-07-10
Volume
21
Issue
1
Pages
7-16
ISSN
  • 1354-523X (ISSN-L)
  • 1601-0825
OpenAlex
W2113616233
Cited by
201
References
118
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3
FWCI
0.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Oral Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Swedish Research Council
  • Torsten and Ragnar Söderbergs Foundation
  • David and Astrid Hagelén Foundation
  • Stockholm City Council (ALF) and Funds
  • Karolinska Institutet
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Keywords
nitric oxide, nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, oral microbiota, nitrate uptake, nitrite reduction, salivary glands, oral commensal bacteria, nitric oxide synthase, reactive nitrogen species, saliva
MeSH terms
Homeostasis, Humans, Mouth, Nitrates, Nitric Oxide, Nitrites, Signal Transduction, Microbiota

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