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Physical exercise intervention in depressive disorders: Meta‐analysis and systematic review
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Previous meta‐analyses investigating the effect of exercise on depression have included trials where the control condition has been categorized as placebo despite the fact that this particular placebo intervention (e.g., meditation, relaxation) has been recognized as having an antidepressant effect. Because meditation and mindfulness‐based interventions are associated with depression reduction, it is impossible to separate the effect of the physical exercise from the meditation‐related parts. The present study determined the efficacy of exercise in reducing symptoms of depression compared with no treatment, placebo conditions or usual care among clinically defined depressed adults. Of 89 retrieved studies, 15 passed the inclusion criteria of which 13 studies presented sufficient information for calculating effect sizes. The main result showed a significant large overall effect favoring exercise intervention. The effect size was even larger when only trials that had used no treatment or placebo conditions were analyzed. Nevertheless, effect size was reduced to a moderate level when only studies with high methodological quality were included in the analysis. Exercise may be recommended for people with mild and moderate depression who are willing, motivated, and physically healthy enough to engage in such a program.
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“Physical exercise has been shown to reduce depression [14], seems to reduce pain [15] and is recommended as an adjunctive treatment for anxiety disorders [16].”
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“Current research generally indicates that for people with depressive symptoms, physical exercise is as effective as antidepressant drugs and psychotherapy”
From Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of exercise on depression in adolescents (2022) · cites this paper as [71]
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“for patients with depression, exercise can be used as a supplement to traditional therapy [70–72].”
From Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of exercise on depression in adolescents (2022) · cites this paper as [71]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Josefsson, T., Lindwall, M., & Archer, T.
- Affiliations
- Halmstad University (SE)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- Linnaeus University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Josefsson, T.
- ORCID
- Lindwall, M.
- Venue
- Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-01-30
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 259-272
- ISSN
- 0905-7188 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0838
- OpenAlex
- W1527910096
- Cited by
- 483
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 3.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- physical activity, depression, depressive disorders, exercise intervention, placebo effect, meditation, mindfulness-based interventions, antidepressant effects, methodological quality, mild to moderate depression, adults
- MeSH terms
- Depressive Disorder, Humans, Statistics as Topic, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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