Exercise and the brain: something to chew on

van Praag, Henriette

doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.12.007

Cited by 599Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsPhysical Activity and HealthNeurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

Exercise and the brain: something to chew on

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van Praag, Henriette·2009·Trends in Neurosciences

DOI 10.1016/j.tins.2008.12.007PMC PMC2680508

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Abstract

Evidence is accumulating that exercise has profound benefits for brain function. Physical activity improves learning and memory in humans and animals. Moreover, an active lifestyle might prevent or delay loss of cognitive function with aging or neurodegenerative disease. Recent research indicates that the effects of exercise on the brain can be enhanced by concurrent consumption of natural products such as omega fatty acids or plant polyphenols. The potential synergy between diet and exercise could involve common cellular pathways important for neurogenesis, cell survival, synaptic plasticity and vascular function. Optimal maintenance of brain health might depend on exercise and intake of natural products.

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Exercise has physiological effects on the brain, endocrine system, immune system and skeletal muscle.
“Exercise has physiological effects on the brain, endocrine system, immune system and skeletal muscle (42, 117-120).”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [119]
Rodents with higher levels of physical activity have been shown to display attenuated effects of psychological stressors on depression-like behaviour and cognition, enhanced neuroplasticity and an improved stress response.
“Rodents with higher levels of physical activity have been shown to display attenuated effects of psychological stressors on depression-like behaviour and cognition 36, enhanced neuroplasticity 37 and an improved stress response 38.”
From Resilience in mental health: linking psychological and neurobiological perspectives. (2013) · cites this paper as [37]
Aerobic exercise has been reliably demonstrated to improve task performance in animal models using hippocampus dependent paradigms.
“Using hippocampus dependent paradigms, AE has been reliably demonstrated to improve task performance in animal models (van Praag, 2009; Voss et al., 2013a), although this does also depend on others aspects of AE such as the duration and intensity of AE (Naylor et al., 2005; Ploughman et al., 2007; O’Callaghan et al., 2009).”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as van Praag, 2009
Aerobic exercise has been linked to changes in a range of independent and interdependent mechanisms of neuroplasticity within the hippocampus.
“Aerobic exercise has been linked to changes in a range of independent and interdependent mechanisms of neuroplasticity within the hippocampus (for comprehensive reviews, see: van Praag, 2009; Gomez-Pinilla and Hillman, 2013; Voss et al., 2013a; Bolijn and Lucassen, 2015; Opendak and Gould, 2015).”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as van Praag, 2009
Aerobic exercise stimulates long-term potentiation in young rodents and reverses the age-related decline of long-term potentiation within the dentate gyrus of aged rodents compared to sedentary controls.
“AE has been demonstrated to stimulate LTP in young rodents and reverse the age-related decline of LTP within the DG of aged rodents compared to sedentary controls (van Praag, 2009; Voss et al., 2013a).”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as van Praag, 2009

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“Using hippocampus dependent paradigms, AE has been reliably demonstrated to improve task performance in animal models (van Praag, 2009; Voss et al., 2013a), although this does also depend on others aspects of AE such as the duration and intensity of AE (Naylor et al., 2005; Ploughman et al., 2007;…”
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“, brain-derived neurotrophic factor).(37,38) Exercise has also been associated with enhanced axonal regeneration(39) and functional changes in myelin.”
Background
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Authors: van Praag, H.
Venue: Trends in Neurosciences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-05
Volume: 32
Issue: 5
Pages: 283-290
ISSN: 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2008.12.007
PMC: PMC2680508
OpenAlex: W2073982465
Cited by: 599
References: 104
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 46
FWCI: 4.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Aging (Z01AG000328)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords: physical activity, brain function, learning and memory, cognitive aging, neurodegenerative diseases, omega fatty acids, plant polyphenols, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, vascular function, brain health
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Animals, Brain, Flavonoids, Humans, Mental Processes, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons, Phenols, Sex Factors, Exercise, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Polyphenols

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