Control Methods Used in a Study of the Vowels
Open accessAbstract
Relationships between a listener's identification of a spoken vowel and its properties as revealed from acoustic measurement of its sound wave have been a subject of study by many investigators. Both the utterance and the identification of a vowel depend upon the language and dialectal backgrounds and the vocal and auditory characteristics of the individuals concerned. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the control methods that have been used in the evaluation of these effects in a vowel study program at Bell Telephone Laboratories. The plan of the study, calibration of recording and measuring equipment, and methods for checking the performance of both speakers and listeners are described. The methods are illustrated from results of tests involving some 76 speakers and 70 listeners.
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The Iii vowel stimuli covered the entire range of formant frequencies produced by typical male speakers.
“The Iii vowel stimuli covered the entire range of formant frequencies produced by typical male speakers (Peterson & Barney, 1952).”
From Human adults and human infants show a “perceptual magnet effect” for the prototypes of speech categories, monkeys do not (1991) · cites this paper as Peterson & Barney, 1952
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Feldman, N. H., Griffiths, T. L., Goldwater, S. J., & Morgan, J. L. (2013) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0034245 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
“Phonetic categories, particularly vowel categories, can show a high degree of overlap (e.g. Peterson & Barney, 1952; Hillenbrand, Getty, Clark, & Wheeler, 1995), whereas the input data to these computational models contained only limited category overlap.”
BackgroundA cross-dialect acoustic description of vowels: Brazilian and European Portuguese
Escudero, P., Boersma, P., Rauber, A. S., et al. (2009) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.3180321 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
“This was found before for Brazilian Portuguese by Moraes et al. (1996, p. 35) and Seara (2000, pp. 80, 91, 102, 112, 141), and may reflect a universal principle, because it was also found for American English ( Peterson and Barney, 1952; Clopper et al., 2005; Strange et al., 2007), Iberian Spanish (Cervera et al., 200…”
InfluentialThe perceptual consequences of within-talker variability in fricative production
Newman, R. S., Clouse, S. A., & Burnham, J. L. (2001) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.1348009 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Formants of children, women, and men: The effects of vocal intensity variation
Huber, J. E., Stathopoulos, E. T., Curione, G. M., Ash, T. A., & Johnson, K. D. (1999) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.427150 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Some effects of duration on vowel recognition
Hillenbrand, J. M., Clark, M. J., & Houde, R. A. (2000) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.1323463 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Vocal tract length and acoustics of vocalization in the domestic dog ( Canis familiaris )
Riede, T., & Fitch, T. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.202.20.2859 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
- Authors
- Peterson, G. E., & Barney, H. L.
- Affiliations
- Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Murray Hill, New Jersey
- Venue
- The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
- Publisher
- Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
- Published
- 1952-03-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 175-184
- ISSN
- 0001-4966 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-8524
- OpenAlex
- W2056133372
- Cited by
- 2,837
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 90 · 2016: 90 · 2015: 97 · 2014: 94 · 2013: 136 · 2012: 118
- FWCI
- 5.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Speech and Audio Processing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Voice and Speech Disorders
- Keywords
- vowel recognition, listener identification, equipment calibration, auditory characteristics, speech perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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