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Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries
Open accessAbstract
Background : Accumulating sufficient moderate to vigorous physical activity is recognized as a key determinant of physical, physiological, developmental, mental, cognitive, and social health among children and youth (aged 5–17 y). The Global Matrix 3.0 of Report Card grades on physical activity was developed to achieve a better understanding of the global variation in child and youth physical activity and associated supports. Methods : Work groups from 49 countries followed harmonized procedures to develop their Report Cards by grading 10 common indicators using the best available data. The participating countries were divided into 3 categories using the United Nations’ human development index (HDI) classification (low or medium, high, and very high HDI). Results : A total of 490 grades, including 369 letter grades and 121 incomplete grades, were assigned by the 49 work groups. Overall, an average grade of “C-,” “D+,” and “C-” was obtained for the low and medium HDI countries, high HDI countries, and very high HDI countries, respectively. Conclusions : The present study provides rich new evidence showing that the situation regarding the physical activity of children and youth is a concern worldwide. Strategic public investments to implement effective interventions to increase physical activity opportunities are needed.
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TL;DR
Global Matrix 3.0 compiled harmonized physical activity Report Card grades for children and youth from 49 countries, assigning 490 grades across 10 common indicators. Overall grades were low (overall average C-), with concerning physical activity and sedentary behavior levels worldwide and variation by HDI grouping.
Key findings
- A total of 490 grades were assigned: 369 letter grades and 121 incomplete (“INC”) grades. Overall average grade was “C-”; by HDI category, averages were “C-” for low/medium HDI countries, “D+” for high HDI countries, and “C-” for very high HDI countries. Behavioral indicators averaged “C-” and sources of influence indicators averaged “C.”
- Indicator averages ranged from “D” for Overall Physical Activity to “C” for Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Transportation, School, Community and Environment, and Government; Active Play, Sedentary Behaviors, and Family and Peers averaged “D+,” and Physical Fitness averaged “C-.” Overall Physical Activity was the lowest-graded indicator; Slovenia was the only country with an “A-” for Overall Physical Activity, while most other countries had “D-F” grades (n = 38).
- Rankings showed Slovenia first and China 49th for overall score; Nepal first and Estonia last for behavioral score; Slovenia first and Venezuela last for sources of influence score.
- Correlational analyses found Overall Physical Activity negatively associated with HDI (r = -.30, P < .05) and gross national income per capita (r = -.33, P < .05); Community and Environment was positively associated with HDI (r = .73, P < .001) and GNI per capita (r = .80, P < .001); School was positively associated with HDI (r = .53, P < .001) and negatively with the Gini index (r = -.66, P < .001).
Methods
- Work groups from 49 countries/regions followed harmonized procedures to grade 10 common indicators using the best available data; countries were divided by United Nations HDI classification into low/medium (9), high (10), and very high (30) HDI groups.
- Each country work group gathered published and unpublished evidence, national surveys, official reports, and expert opinion for school-aged children and youth (∼5-17 y); draft grades and rationales were audited by AHKGA Executive Committee members.
- Letter grades were converted to interval values, “INC” grades were treated as missing, and descriptive statistics, overall/behavioral/sources-of-influence scores, and Spearman rank correlations were calculated in R version 3.4.1.
Limitations
- The paper states a major limitation was missing data: 121 “INC” grades of 490 total, plus great variability across countries in benchmarks, measurement instruments, age range, sample size, quality, and quantity of data; translating prevalence data into letter grades also lost information, so comparisons and correlations should be interpreted with caution.
- The paper states the sample was not globally representative: most countries worldwide were missing, including South Pacific island nations, Central Asia, and North Africa; children and youth with disabilities were not explicitly included, and disparities by gender, socioeconomic status, or urban versus rural dwelling were not analyzed.
- The paper states Overall Physical Activity was not statistically related to 8 other indicators except a positive moderate correlation with Sedentary Behaviors, possibly due to limitations, unmeasured physical activity dose, absence of choice, child labor, and cultural values not evaluated; evident from the text, the grades rely on available surveillance data and expert opinion rather than standardized primary measurement, and the analyses are cross-sectional and correlational.
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In the paper
“A”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [46] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests? Asserted: unclear✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear? Based: unclearA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the high HDI countries, an average of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nepal lacked data to inform 5 of the 10 indicators that were assigned an”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Most Successful Countries
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the average grades calculated for the indicators were all between”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In some countries, because of the modifications of the benchmarks from previous Global Matrices, grades for some indicators have changed while in fact, the situation was relatively the same.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Harmonized Report Card Development
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The indicators with the lowest number of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 2Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These 3 countries were also leading the ranking based on the sources of influence score”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Most Successful Countries
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a great variety of grades was observed within and across the countries”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the overall score, the very high HDI countries ranked generally higher than the low and medium, and high HDI countries”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Most Successful Countries
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ranking of the behavioral score was dominated by 2 low HDI countries (Nepal and Zimbabwe) and Japan”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Most Successful Countries
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 99
- Probably not a substantial claim. 37
- The quote only partly states this claim. 7
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the low or medium HDI countries, an average of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, an average grade of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A greater variability in grades was observed for Sedentary Behaviors, but poor grades (”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nepal ranked first, and Estonia ranked last for the behavioral score”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 52 countries responded to the AHKGA and showed interest in participation in the Global Matrix 3.0, but only 51 fully registered on time, and later on 2 countries withdrew.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 49Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Between April 2017 and January 2018, 49 countries from 6 different continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America) registered and paid a registration fee based on their HDI classification to cover costs associated with the Global Matrix 3.0 initiative.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Creating the Global Matrix 3.0
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mean letter grades ranged from”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Slovenia ranked first, whereas China ranked 49th for the overall score”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Slovenia ranked first, whereas Venezuela ranked last for the source of influence score”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [45] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but this is not corroborated with results presented in Table 6 where the overall averages were the same for the low and medium HDI countries and the very high HDI countries.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Most Successful Countries
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the indicator with the highest number of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 29Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Slovenia was the only country out of 49 with a very high grade for Overall Physical Activity (”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 38Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Slovenia obtained the best grade on average (”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Most Successful Countries
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the Global Matrix 3.0 allowed us to present physical activity-related indicators for children and youth assembled across 49 countries with varying levels of human development (9 low or medium HDI, 10 high HDI, and 30 very high HDI countries).”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, in Colombia, with the new benchmark, a”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Harmonized Report Card Development
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [28] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall Physical Activity grade and the other core indicator grades with the exception of Sedentary Behaviors for which a statistically significant positive moderate correlation was observed (r = .39,P < .05).”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 490 grades, including 369 letter grades and 121”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“whereas for the very high HDI countries, an average of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An average grade of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests? Asserted: unclear✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, Nepal shared the best grade for Active Transportation with Japan and Zimbabwe (”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Most Successful Countries
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 3 of the 4 very high HDI countries from Eastern Asia, very high grades were assigned to this indicator: Japan (”
- Also stated in: § Active Transportation · plain
“), Hong Kong (”
- Also stated in: § Active Transportation · plain
“), and South Korea (”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Active Transportation
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Active Transportation · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An average grade of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✗ Asserted: fails✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The grades ranged from”
- Also stated in: § Active Play · plain
“(Estonia and Thailand) to”
- Also stated in: § Active Play · plain
“(Ethiopia and The Netherlands) with an average of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Organized Sport and Physical Activity
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Active Play · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Active Play was the indicator with the most”
- Also stated in: § Active Play · plain
“grades where 29 of 49 countries were unable to find available data to grade this indicator.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Active Play
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Active Play · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Organized Sport and Physical Activity grades ranged from”
- Also stated in: § Organized Sport and Physical Activity · plain
“(Lebanon and Uruguay) to”
- Also stated in: § Organized Sport and Physical Activity · plain
“(Denmark), with an average of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Organized Sport and Physical Activity
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Organized Sport and Physical Activity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Organized Sport and Physical Activity was graded”
- Also stated in: § Organized Sport and Physical Activity · plain
“on average for the low and medium HDI countries, the high HDI countries, and the very high HDI countries, respectively.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Organized Sport and Physical Activity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The country-specific grades are sufficiently comparable across countries to support cross-country and HDI-group comparisons.
- Rests on an assumption: HDI groupings are a meaningful basis for comparing physical activity grades across countries.
- Also stated in: § Organized Sport and Physical Activity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and have shown a high percentage of urban population (83.3%-100%,Table 3).”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Active Transportation
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Zimbabwe had the second-best grade for Overall Physical Activity (”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Most Successful Countries
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The average grade for the low and medium HDI countries was”
- Also stated in: § Overall Physical Activity · plain
“whereas both the high and very high HDI countries obtained an average of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Overall Physical Activity
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The country-specific grades are sufficiently comparable across countries to support cross-country and HDI-group comparisons.
- Rests on an assumption: HDI groupings are a meaningful basis for comparing physical activity grades across countries.
- Also stated in: § Overall Physical Activity · plain
In the paper
“In comparison with the previous Report Card in Zimbabwe, the grades for School, Community and Environment, and Government, have improved due to recent policy implementations and commitments made by the government to promote physical activity and nutritional status among Zimbabwean children and youth.50”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Most Successful Countries
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [50] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Ethiopia, an”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Least Successful Countries
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Slovenia, where more than 80% of children and youth aged between 6 and 19 years (according to subjective self-reported data), 88% of the 11-year-olds, and 66% of the 14-year-olds (according to objective data) were meeting the physical activity guidelines, was the only country reporting a high grade for this indicator (”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Overall Physical Activity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [57] source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Active Transportation was the indicator with the highest average grade for the low and medium HDI countries (”
- Also stated in: § Active Transportation · plain
“) and for the high HDI countries (”
- Also stated in: § Overall Physical Activity · plain
“).”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Active Transportation
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The country-specific grades are sufficiently comparable across countries to support cross-country and HDI-group comparisons.
- Rests on an assumption: HDI groupings are a meaningful basis for comparing physical activity grades across countries.
- Also stated in: § Active Transportation · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among the high HDI countries, the grades ranged from”
- Also stated in: § Overall Physical Activity · plain
“to”
- Also stated in: § Organized Sport and Physical Activity · plain
“with an average of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Organized Sport and Physical Activity
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Overall Physical Activity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The average grades for the low and medium HDI countries, high HDI countries, and very high HDI countries were”
- Also stated in: § Overall Physical Activity · plain
“,”
- Also stated in: § Organized Sport and Physical Activity · plain
“, and”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Active Play
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The country-specific grades are sufficiently comparable across countries to support cross-country and HDI-group comparisons.
- Rests on an assumption: HDI groupings are a meaningful basis for comparing physical activity grades across countries.
- Also stated in: § Overall Physical Activity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the very high HDI countries, with an average grade of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Organized Sport and Physical Activity
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✗ Asserted: fails✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The average grade for this indicator was D+ and ranged from”
- Also stated in: § Active Transportation · plain
“(Chile) to”
- Also stated in: § Active Transportation · plain
“(Japan, Nepal, and Zimbabwe).”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Active Transportation
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Active Transportation · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although there were no physical activity data available for those under 15 years of age, the work group found that the majority of adolescents older than 15 years do not engage in physical activity regularly.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Least Successful Countries
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among the 9 low and medium HDI countries, 5 assigned a letter grade to this indicator, which ranged from”
- Also stated in: § Overall Physical Activity · plain
“to”
- Also stated in: § Organized Sport and Physical Activity · plain
“, with an average of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Organized Sport and Physical Activity
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Overall Physical Activity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall Physical Activity was the indicator with the lowest average grade”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Overall Physical Activity
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The small proportions of 9-to 17-year-old children in China meeting the physical activity guidelines (13.1%) or the sedentary behavior guidelines (7.1%) are alarming.51”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Least Successful Countries
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [51] source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“High to very high grades for this indicator were also reported in several developing countries: Colombia (”
- Also stated in: § Active Transportation · plain
“), Nepal (”
- Also stated in: § Active Transportation · plain
“), Nigeria (”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Active Transportation
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Active Transportation · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the remaining countries, the grade for Physical Fitness ranged from”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Physical Fitness
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among the 10 high HDI countries, only 4 had a letter grade reported for this indicator: Brazil (”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Physical Fitness
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This indicator ranged from”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Sedentary Behaviors
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✗ Asserted: fails✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The very high HDI countries obtained an average grade of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Sedentary Behaviors
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✗ Asserted: fails✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Sedentary Behaviors
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✗ Asserted: fails✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The grades for this indicator ranged from”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Sedentary Behaviors
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“only 2 of the 8 countries had a low grade: Ethiopia”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Sedentary Behaviors
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A letter grade was assigned to 17 of the 30 very high HDI countries, ranging from”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Physical Fitness
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regardless, the Sedentary Behaviors grades were not significantly related to HDI or to the other sociodemographic indicators except the mean years of schooling (r = .31,P < .05)and the summer Olympic medal count (r = -.57,P < .05) in the correlational analysis presented in the Supplementary Material 1 (available online).”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Sedentary Behaviors
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This amount of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Family and Peers
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“whereas poor grades were reported for 16 of the 30 very high HDI countries (with grades between”
- Also stated in: § Overall Physical Activity · plain
“and”
- Also stated in: § Overall Physical Activity · plain
“).”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Active Transportation
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Overall Physical Activity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“| Active Play | 20 | 29 | 6.5 | 2.7 | D+ |”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Conclusions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The correlation analyses showed that the Overall Physical Activity grade had a moderate positive association with Sedentary Behaviors and was not statistically related with the 8 remaining indicators (Supplementary Material 1 [available online]).”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Strengths and Limitations
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“building capacity within participating countries”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Strengths and Limitations
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [23] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the development of a national Report Card of physical activity for children and youth and the participation in the Global Matrix initiative were found to contribute to raising awareness on the childhood physical inactivity issue nationally and internationally”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Strengths and Limitations
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [23] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“whereas lower behavioral grades and higher source of influence grades were observed for the very high HDI countries”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With an average of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Government
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Government can influence children's and youth's physical activity in multiple ways.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“| Government | 41 | 8 | 8.6 | 3.1 | C |”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Conclusions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Higher behavioral grades and lower source of influence grades were generally observed in the low and medium HDI countries, whereas the opposite was observed for the very high HDI countries, and generally low average grades were reported for each indicator in the high HDI countries.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Integrated Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“| Behavioral indicators | 49 | 0 | 7.0 | 1.6 | C- |”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Conclusions
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“| School | 41 | 8 | 8.8 | 3.0 | C |”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Conclusions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Higher behavioral grades and lower source of influence grades were generally observed in the low and medium HDI countries”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“| Community and Environment | 36 | 13 | 8.9 | 3.0 | C |”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Conclusions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“More diversity was observed between the 3 HDI groupings, between the countries, and within each country.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Integrated Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, the average grades obtained for each indicator were low, and a small variation was observed within the 10 indicators (”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Integrated Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“| All indicators | 49 | 0 | 7.5 | 1.6 | C- |”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Conclusions
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“| Sedentary Behaviors | 46 | 3 | 6.4 | 2.8 | D+ |”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Conclusions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“showing that every country is facing unique challenges and can learn from the successes or difficulties experienced by others.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Fifteen countries in 2014 (Global Matrix 1.0) and 38 countries in 2016 (Global Matrix 2.0) developed and launched Report Cards presenting grades for 9 physical activity indicators, allowing for international comparisons and offering insights from global data.16,19”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A draft of each country Report Card grades were submitted along with their rationale by Report Card leaders and were audited by members of the AHKGA Executive Committee to ensure that the grades were consistent with the harmonized benchmarks and grading scheme.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Harmonized Report Card Development
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This audit process led to minor changes of the grades or rationale for most of the countries.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Harmonized Report Card Development
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“To achieve a better understanding of the global variation in child and youth physical activity and its correlates, the Global Matrix of Report Card grades on physical activity was launched for the first time in 2014.16”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“consensus was reached among the AHKGA Executive Committee that the 10 indicator grades should only be informed by data from school-aged children and youth (∼5-17 y old) for the Global Matrix 3.0 to ensure consistency across countries.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Harmonized Report Card Development
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This is alarming given that physical inactivity among school-aged children and youth has been found to be associated with adverse physical, mental, social, and cognitive health outcomes, 5,8,12,13 lower physical fitness, 14 and lower physical activity levels in later life.15”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Abstract
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Also, a paradox of higher physical activity and lower sedentary behavior in countries reporting poorer infrastructure, and lower physical activity and higher sedentary behavior in countries reporting better infrastructure was highlighted.16,19”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For over a decade, the Canadian Report Card has been successful in raising awareness and influencing policies for childhood physical activity promotion.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“New Report Card leaders and teams were paired with an experienced Report Card leader from a country who participated in the Global Matrix 2.0.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Creating the Global Matrix 3.0
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“China's Report Card work group developed a national surveillance protocol to collect nationally representative data for China's 2018 Report Card.51”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Least Successful Countries
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [51] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For such reasons, the comparability of these results among the countries should be interpreted with caution.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Overall Physical Activity
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This finding is consistent with the results from the previous Global Matrices 16,19 and recent global estimates.11”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Overall Physical Activity
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The grade for this indicator depends on the availability of organized sport opportunities and the availability of data reporting the prevalence of children and youth who have taken advantage of these opportunities.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Organized Sport and Physical Activity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the high level of air pollution in China represents a major threat to the promotion of physical activity 53 and is a potential barrier stopping the Chinese children and youth from exercising.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Least Successful Countries
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [53]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A specific policy in Japan (limiting the distance between the children and youth homes and the public elementary and junior high schools) 77 and the high density of Hong Kong, Japanese, and South Korean cities, allow children and youth to live a short trip away from their school, which can minimize the use of cars or other forms of motorized vehicles, and promote active travel.25,78,79”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Active Transportation
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Due to the concurrent economic development in recent years in Nepal, the number of motorized vehicles is increasing rapidly with the expansion of road networks in rural areas, 49 and potentially more people have access to screen devices.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Most Successful Countries
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [49] source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The benchmark recommended for this indicator was the”
- Also stated in: § Organized Sport and Physical Activity · plain
“(Table 1), meaning that this indicator did not provide any information on the dose (ie, duration, frequency, intensity) of physical activity while participating in sport and organized physical activities, because few countries have such data.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Organized Sport and Physical Activity
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Organized Sport and Physical Activity · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Quality school policies and programs related to physical activity for the 3 European countries leading this indicator (Finland, Portugal, and Slovenia) have already been highlighted elsewhere.19,25”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > School
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The number of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Family and Peers
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Support from parents and peers is recognized as a correlate of physical activity in children and youth 90 ; however, the nature of this relationship is complex and no valid and internationally recognized instrument exists to measure the influence of family and friends on children and youth's physical activity at present.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Family and Peers
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [90]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Evidence showed that adding more time to academic or curricular subjects by taking time away from physical education programs was found not to enhance academic achievement in the corresponding academic subjects and to be potentially detrimental to health.98”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > School
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [98]
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“These findings are consistent with international estimates reporting that at least two-thirds of the children exceed 2 hours of recreational screen time per day, 83 although comparison may be limited by the heterogeneity in Sedentary Behaviors across countries.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Sedentary Behaviors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [83]
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Conversely, allocating more time to physical activity from other subjects can improve the time children spend engaging in MVPA without the risk of”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > School
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [98]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several Sedentary Behaviors grades were partially or totally informed by data reporting time spent sitting or doing other sedentary activities that did not involve screens, and screen time cutoff points differing from the one in the benchmark (ie, ≤1 h/d, <2 used hours/day, ≤3 h/d) were also used by some countries because of available data.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Sedentary Behaviors
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Therefore, cardiorespiratory fitness is an important indicator of current and future health among school-aged children and youth and can be used as a holistic indicator of population health in this age group.88”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Physical Fitness
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [88]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Although the new 2018 Korean national curriculum requires schools to provide mandatory physical education, it is regarded as a minor subject and, with progressing school grades, it is devalued and neglected.97”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > School
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [97]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In particular, the South Pacific islands nations, where the average body mass indices for child and youth were estimated to be the highest of the world, 103 are missing, as well as countries from Central Asia and North Africa.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Strengths and Limitations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the AHKGA Executive Committee for modifying and standardizing the benchmarks and grading rubric and leading this international initiative.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Acknowledgements
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The behavioral score was adjusted for missing and incomplete grades.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, this phenomenon may get worse with the economic growth and development of low, medium, and high HDI countries, and very high rates of noncommunicable diseases can be anticipated when the current generation of children and youth reaches adulthood unless a major shift to a more active lifestyle happens soon.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Integrated Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result, the grades were informed by very different types of data across countries, and the Report Card work groups did not always have access to relevant quantitative data and, therefore, graded this indicator mostly based on expert opinion when required.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Government
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Government can influence children's and youth's physical activity in multiple ways.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the absence of choice (ie, children who have no other options than using active transportation regardless of safety and any other characteristics of the source of influence), child labor, and the cultural values attributed to physical activity and sports were not evaluated in this study.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Strengths and Limitations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With the 49 countries participating and the 10 common indicators being graded by each participating country, the Global Matrix 3.0 represents the most comprehensive and meaningful comparison of the contexts of the physical activity of children and youth.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Strengths and Limitations
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the great variability of the data (eg, in terms of benchmark, measurement instrument, age range, sample size, quality, quantity) that were used to inform the grades was observed between the countries for each indicator, and in many cases, the available data did not permit the Report Card work groups to align strictly with the recommended benchmarks.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Strengths and Limitations
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The involvement of governmental and nongovernmental organizations in the development of some of the national Report Cards is a potential sign of a growing interest in the childhood physical inactivity crisis”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Strengths and Limitations
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Another limitation of the Global Matrix 3.0 was the lack of representativeness of some areas of the world and some specific child and youth populations.Indeed, the participation of a total of 49 countries or nations meant that most of the countries around the world were still missing.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Strengths and Limitations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, the disparities and inequities across gender, socioeconomic status, or urban versus rural dwelling were mentioned in only a handful of Report Card articles; thus, they were not analyzed or discussed in this study.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Strengths and Limitations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The absence of statistically significant correlations between Overall Physical Activity and Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, and Active Transportation may have resulted from the fact that the physical activity dose related to these indicators was not measured.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Strengths and Limitations
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“and potentially influencing the creation of physical activity opportunities in the future.23”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Strengths and Limitations
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [23] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These findings aligned with the results of the previous Global Matrices 16,19 and reinforce the importance of income and gender equity for the physical activity and overall population health.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Community and Environment
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall score was adjusted for missing and incomplete grades.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Conclusions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consequently, all the comparisons, correlations, and interpretations involving the grades are limited and should be interpreted with caution, as 2 identical grades for the same indicator can capture 2 very different contexts from one country to another.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Strengths and Limitations
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Internationally collaborative and collective efforts are needed to redirect the persisting trend of low physical activity and high sedentary behavior among children and youth worldwide.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Conclusions
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The 49 countries included in the Global Matrix 3.0 are representative of children and youth worldwide.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is important to highlight that the overall concerning levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior among children and youth may be indicative of a global crisis.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Integrated Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“International research and surveillance gaps were also identified by the Global Matrix 3.0 and the Report Card initiatives.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Conclusions
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The source of influence score was adjusted for missing and incomplete grades.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Conclusions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These estimates of sources of influence score are interpreted with a high degree of caution as they are likely imprecise estimates of sources of influence due to the level of missing data used to determine this score.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The absence of a relation between the source of influence indicators and Overall Physical Activity may suggest that a favorable physical and social environment is not enough to induce individual engagement in sufficient amounts of MVPA.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Strengths and Limitations
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The low behavioral grades that were reported broadly in the Global Matrix 3.0 suggest that the government's efforts and physical activity policies are not reflected in an increase in the prevalence of MVPA among children and youth, and/or that there is an implementation gap between the strategy level (source of influence indicators) and individual level (behavioral indicators).”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Government
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Government can influence children's and youth's physical activity in multiple ways.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The available evidence from this indicator suggests that the characteristics of the built environment potentially influencing the physical activity of children and youth are already favorable in the very high HDI countries, and that an increase of the grades for this indicator is expected with the further development of low, medium, and high HDI countries.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Community and Environment
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Major strengths of this work include the large number of countries who adopted the harmonized Report Card development process and the quantity of data used to inform an international, comprehensive, and meaningful comparison of physical activity behaviors of children and youth.”
§ Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries > Strengths and Limitations
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The 49 participating countries are sufficiently representative of countries worldwide for the conclusion that child and youth physical activity is a global concern.
“The present study provides rich new evidence showing that the situation regarding the physical activity of children and youth is a concern worldwide.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The country-specific grades are sufficiently comparable across countries to support cross-country and HDI-group comparisons.
“The average grade for the low and medium HDI countries was”
“whereas both the high and very high HDI countries obtained an average of”
The paper relies on this without support.
HDI groupings are a meaningful basis for comparing physical activity grades across countries.
“A distinction was observed between the low and medium HDI countries and the 2 other HDI groupings.”
The paper relies on this without support.
No valid, internationally recognized instrument currently exists to measure how family and friends influence children's and youth's physical activity.
“however, the nature of this relationship is complex and no valid and internationally recognized instrument exists to measure the influence of family and friends on children and youth's physical activity at present.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Government can influence children's and youth's physical activity in multiple ways.
“Similar to the Community and Environment indicator, a government can potentially influence the physical activity level of children and youth in multiple ways.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A large number of built-environment characteristics could potentially influence children's and youth's physical activity.
“Given that a great number of characteristics could potentially influence the physical activity of children and youth, numerous benchmarks were proposed to evaluate this indicator.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is no official standardized method for evaluating government influence on physical activity.
“As there is no official standardized method to evaluate this influence, the recommended benchmark for this indicator focused on evidence of leadership and commitment, allocated funds and resources, and demonstrated progress for the promotion of physical activity opportunities for all children and youth (Table 1).”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 49 countries included in the Global Matrix 3.0 are representative of children and youth worldwide.
“Internationally collaborative and collective efforts are needed to redirect the persisting trend of low physical activity and high sedentary behavior among children and youth worldwide.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“a large proportion of children and youth, including those living in low and middle-income countries, are either sedentary or not achieving recommended levels of physical activity.8–11”
From Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement (2020) (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Four fee tiers are described as three
MinorThe sentence says there were three registration-fee tiers but lists four distinct fees, one for each HDI classification.
“Three different tiers of registration fees”
“($500 USD for the low HDI countries, $750 USD for the medium HDI countries, $1000 USD for the high HDI countries, and $1500 USD for the very high HDI countries)”
Community and Environment range excludes reported F grades
MinorThe section states that D- was the lowest Community and Environment grade, but the paper also says China received F for that indicator.
“The grades ranged from "D-" (Venezuela) to "A" (Sweden).”
“An "F" was assigned to 4 indicators (Overall Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, Community and Environment, and Government)”
Botswana is not the highest on the reported Gini index
MinorThe text names Botswana's 60.5 as the highest Gini index, but Table 3 reports 63 for South Africa.
“The lowest Gini index (least income inequality) was observed in Slovenia (25.4) and the highest (greatest income inequality) in Botswana (60.5).”
“South Africa 0.666 12,087 8.5 0.394 57.7 10.3 63 64 62.4 91 46 86 3382”
Active Transportation average is reported as both D+ and C
MinorThe discussion calls the average D+, whereas Table 5 reports C, with a mean number grade of 8.3 that maps to C under the grading rubric.
“The average grade for this indicator was D+ and ranged from "F" (Chile) to "A-" (Japan, Nepal, and Zimbabwe).”
“| Active Transportation | 47 | 2 | 8.3 | 2.5 | C |”
The nonletter grades cannot all be INC
MinorThe reported 369 letter grades and 121 INC grades account for all 490 grades, but Qatar's Active Transportation grade is separately identified as "not applicable," not INC.
“A total of 490 grades, including 369 letter grades and 121 "INC" grades, were assigned by the 49 Report Card work groups.”
“A "not applicable" grade was assigned to Active Transportation by Qatar's Report Card work group because of unsafe road conditions and a hot climate during most of the year.45”
Qatar is not the highest on the reported gender inequality index
MinorThe text names Qatar's 0.542 as the highest gender inequality index, but the sociodemographic data give Ghana a higher value of 0.547.
“Qatar scored highest in the growth national income per capita ($129,916 USD) and the gender inequality index (0.542).”
“Ghana 0.579 3839 4.8 0.547 61.5 6.9 42.4”
Citations
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ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis
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Items 101–200 of 727
Zhang, Z., Li, H. J., Slapšinskaitė, A., Zhang, T., Zhang, L., & Gui, C. Y. (2020) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.001 · Cited by 41
Time for mental healthcare guidelines for recreational sports: a call to action
Vella, S. A., & Swann, C. (2020) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-101591 · Cited by 40
The parental experience in youth sport: a systematic review and qualitative meta-study
Sutcliffe, J., Fernandez, D. K., Kelly, P. J., & Vella, S. A. (2021) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2021.1998576 · Cited by 40
“Indeed, developed countries (e.g. Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States) report up to 70 – 75% of families have at least one child enrolled in individual or team sport (Aubert et al., 2018).”
BackgroundWälti, M., Sallen, J., Adamakis, M., Ennigkeit, F., Gerlach, E., Heim, C., Jidovtseff, B., Kossyva, I., Labudová, J., Masaryková, D., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.804753 · Cited by 40
“In 2018, only between 20 and 40% of 5- to 17year-old children in Europe met the WHO recommendations of 60 min moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (PA) daily (Aubert et al., 2018).”
BackgroundFactors associated with adherence to the muscle-strengthening activity guideline among adolescents
Smith, J. J., Diallo, T., Bennie, J. A., Tomkinson, G. R., & Lubans, D. R. (2020) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101747 · Cited by 38
“Indeed, the most recent global matrix of report card grades on physical activity for children and adolescents did not mention MSA, focusing instead on participation rates for organized sports, active play, active transportation, recreational screen-time, and overall moderateto-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVP…”
BackgroundLarouche, R., Kleinfeld, M., Charles-Rodriguez, U., Hatten, C., Hecker, V., Scott, D. R. M., Brown, L. M., Onyeso, O. K., Sadia, F., & Shimamura, H. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20021328 · Cited by 38
“However, the majority of children and youth worldwide do not meet current physical activity (PA) guidelines [3,4].”
BackgroundManyanga, T., Barnes, J. D., Abdeta, C., Adeniyi, A. F., Bhawra, J., Draper, C. E., Katapally, T. R., Khan, A., Lambert, E., Makaza, D., et al. (2018) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2018-0370 · Cited by 38
Gába, A., Dygrýn, J., Štefelová, N., Rubín, L., Hron, K., & Jakubec, L. (2021) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12199-021-00932-6 · Cited by 38
“Excessive SB is highly prevalent among school-aged children and adolescents [5].”
BackgroundSelf-citationYu, J. J., Capio, C. M., Abernethy, B., & Sit, C. H. P. (2021) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104070 · Cited by 38
Wong, L. S., Gibson, A., Farooq, A., & Reilly, J. J. (2021) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13070 · Cited by 37
“education and health policymakers are as follows: (1) Put more emphasis on the public health goals of PE - more active PE delivers health benefits to school students - helps children build a solid health foundation, reduces the risks from infectious diseases, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, and prevents many NonCommuni…”
BackgroundPhysical Activity, Fitness, and Executive Functions in Youth: Effects, Moderators, and Mechanisms
Lubans, D. R., Leahy, A. A., Mavilidi, M. F., & Valkenborghs, S. R. (2021) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2021_271 · Cited by 50
Zhang, R., Zhang, C., Lai, P., & Kwan, M. (2022) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127479 · Cited by 43
Results from the Philippines' 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents
Cagas, J. Y., Mallari, M. F. T., Torre, B. A., Kang, M.-G. D. P., Palad, Y. Y., Guisihan, R. M., Aurellado, M. I., Pituk, C. S., Realin, J. G. P., Sabado, M. L. C., et al. (2022) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.001 · Cited by 39
Chillón, P., Gálvez‐Fernández, P., Huertas‐Delgado, F. J., Herrador‐Colmenero, M., Barranco-Ruíz, Y., Villa‐González, E., Aranda-Balboa, M. J., Saucedo‐Araujo, R. G., Campos-Garzón, P., Molina-Soberanes, D., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18042066 · Cited by 37
“However, despite the well-known benefits associated with ACS, fewer than half of adolescents globally use ACS [14], with large variability across countries [9].”
BackgroundSolana, A. A., Abós, Á., García‐González, L., González‐Cutre, D., & Sevil‐Serrano, J. (2021) · European Physical Education Review · doi:10.1177/1356336x21992791 · Cited by 46
“Despite the well-known benefits of physical activity (PA), it is acknowledged worldwide that more than three-quarters of adolescents are not sufficiently physically active (Aubert et al., 2018; Guthold et al., 2020).”
BackgroundThe 2022 India Report Card on physical activity for children and adolescents
Bhawra, J., Khadilkar, A. V., Krishnaveni, G. V., Kumaran, K., & Katapally, T. R. (2022) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.013 · Cited by 40
Self-citationWatson, A., Timperio, A. F., Brown, H. L., & Hesketh, K. D. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6982-z · Cited by 37
Resistance Exercise for the Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Dynapenia
Faigenbaum, A. D., Rebullido, T. R., Peña, J., & Chulvi‐Medrano, I. (2019) · Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1007/s42978-019-00038-0 · Cited by 38
Ikeda, E., Guagliano, J. M., Atkin, A. J., Sherar, L. B., Ekelund, U., Hansen, B. H., Northstone, K., van Sluijs, E. M. F., Collaborators, O. B. O. T. I. C. A. D. (., Salmon, J., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01282-4 · Cited by 34
“0 of Report Cards, which graded the best available national population-level physical activity data between 2013 and 2018 in children and adolescents (aged 5–17 years) from 49 countries, showed that more than two thirds were physically inactive [7].”
BackgroundSelf-citationJerebine, A., Davies, K. F., Lander, N., Eyre, E. L. J., Duncan, M. J., & Barnett, L. M. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01344-7 · Cited by 42
Academic Stress and Physical Activity in Adolescents
Frömel, K., Šafář, M., Jakubec, L., Groffik, D., & Žatka, R. (2020) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2020/4696592 · Cited by 43
“In particular, cardiorespiratory fitness can be an important indicator of health, including its mental dimension, in children and youth [30].”
BackgroundSchneider, J., Polet, J., Hassandra, M., Lintunen, T., Laukkanen, A., Hankonen, N. E., Hirvensalo, M. H., Tammelin, T., Törmäkangas, T., & Hagger, M. S. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09518-3 · Cited by 47
“However, international [7] and national [8] studies have shown that the majority of young people do not achieve the recommended physical activity levels to confer health benefits [9].”
BackgroundTian, Y.-L., Liu, L., Wang, X., Zhang, X., Zhai, Y., Wang, K., & Liu, J.-J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182010813 · Cited by 36
Physical Activity Classification in Youth Using Raw Accelerometer Data from the Hip
Ahmadi, M. N., Pfeiffer, K. A., & Trost, S. G. (2020) · Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science · doi:10.1080/1091367x.2020.1716768 · Cited by 35
“(Aubert et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSit, C. H. P., Yu, J. J., Huang, Y., Wong, M. C. S., Sum, R. K. W., Tremblay, M. S., & Wong, S. H.-S. (2020) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2020.05.004 · Cited by 30
Self-citationLochbaum, M. R., Zanatta, T. C., & Kazak, Z. (2019) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe10010015 · Cited by 36
“Although small in magnitude, the meta-analyzed correlations with physical activity all place the mastery-approach goal as important to reducing the physical inactivity epidemic [143,145].”
BackgroundHurley, D., Allen, M. S., Swann, C., & Vella, S. A. (2020) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-020-00998-3 · Cited by 37
A Conceptual Framework for Modelling Safe Walking and Cycling Routes to High Schools
Rahman, M. L., Moore, A., Smith, M., Lieswyn, J., & Mandic, S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17093318 · Cited by 37
“However, the level of physical activity significantly declines during this period [5,6].”
BackgroundChalkley, A., Mandelid, M., Thurston, M., Daly-Smith, A., Singh, A. S., Huiberts, I., Archbold, V. S. J., Resaland, G. K., & Tjomsland, H. (2022) · Teaching and Teacher Education : An International Journal of Research and Studies · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2022.103825 · Cited by 29
Virgara, R., Phillips, A., Lewis, L. K., Baldock, K. L., Wolfenden, L., Ferguson, T., Richardson, M., Okely, A. D., Beets, M. W., & Maher, C. A. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013380.pub2 · Cited by 33
Essiet, I. A., Lander, N., Salmon, J., Duncan, M. J., Eyre, E. L. J., Ma, J., & Barnett, L. M. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-021-01162-3 · Cited by 36
“Yet, less than 40% of children in many countries accumulate the levels of physical activity necessary for optimal health [4].”
BackgroundGanzar, L. A., Salvo, D., Burford, K., Zhang, Y., Kohl, H. W., & Hoelscher, D. M. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01299-9 · Cited by 32
“Background Increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary time is a critical public health priority for school-age children globally [1, 2].”
BackgroundNg, K., Sit, C. H. P., Arbour‐Nicitopoulos, K. P., Aubert, S., Stanish, H. I., Hutzler, Y. S., Silva, D. A. S., Kang, M.-G. D. P., López‐Gil, J. F., Lee, E., et al. (2023) · Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly · doi:10.1123/apaq.2022-0111 · Cited by 36
“This grew to 38 countries or jurisdictions in 2016 (Tremblay et al., 2016), 49 in 2018 (Aubert et al., 2018), and 57 in 2022 (Aubert, Barnes, et al., 2022).”
Self-citationJerebine, A., Mohebbi, M., Lander, N., Eyre, E. L. J., Duncan, M. J., & Barnett, L. M. (2023) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102536 · Cited by 39
Frömel, K., Groffik, D., Mitáš, J., Dygrýn, J., Valach, P., & Šafář, M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17062001 · Cited by 33
“Walking (WT) and cycling transportation (CT) appear to be the most frequent types of AT in adolescents from Central European countries [13].”
BackgroundMethodParent-Child Physical Activity Association in Families with 4- to 16-Year-Old Children
Sigmundová, D., Sigmund, E., Baďura, P., & Hollein, T. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17114015 · Cited by 30
“A high proportion of insufficiently physically active adolescents aged 11–17 years was also confirmed in other countries in Central and Eastern Europe [8,10].”
BackgroundInfluentialReedman, S. E., Boyd, R. N., Ziviani, J. M., Elliott, C. M., Ware, R. S., & Sakzewski, L. (2021) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/dmcn.14796 · Cited by 36
“According to national physical activity report cards, typically developing children also have low levels of physical activity and high levels of sedentary behaviour.(3) In typically developing children, a variety of informational, behavioural, environmental, and social support strategies may be needed to change physic…”
BackgroundDesigning Activating Schoolyards: Seen from the Girls’ Viewpoint
Pawlowski, C. S., Veitch, J., Andersen, H. B., & Ridgers, N. D. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16193508 · Cited by 31
“Physical activity (PA) is crucial for children’s health [1,2], but a large number of schoolchildren do not engage in the recommended minimum level of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) per day in Denmark and other Western countries [3].”
BackgroundAyala, A. M. C., Salmon, J., Dunstan, D. W., Arundell, L., & Timperio, A. F. (2020) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.04.002 · Cited by 28
“Among Australian adolescents, 90% do not meet the minimum government recommendation of 60 min/day of MVPA, and sedentary behaviors are highly prevalent.(3,19) This observation has persisted for the past 2 decades.”
BackgroundCuberek, R., Janíková, M., & Dygrýn, J. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245256 · Cited by 34
Porcuna, V. A., Sánchez‐López, M., Martínez-Andrés, M., Martínez‐Vizcaíno, V., Hermosa, A. R., & Rodríguez‐Martin, B. (2022) · Qualitative Research in Sport Exercise and Health · doi:10.1080/2159676x.2022.2037696 · Cited by 38
“In Spain, between 3 and 14 years of age, 65.8% of boys and 73.1% of girls fail to meet these recommendations (Tandon, Saelens, and Copeland 2017; Gómez et al. 2019; Aubert et al. 2018; Garrido-Miguel et al. 2019).”
BackgroundInfluentialSit, C. H. P., Aubert, S., Carty, C. I., Silva, D. A. S., López‐Gil, J. F., Asunta, P., Palad, Y. Y., Guisihan, R. M., Lee, J., Nicitopoulos, K. P. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2022-0351 · Cited by 31
Self-citationUS School‐Based Physical Fitness Assessments and Data Dissemination
Krochmal, P., Cooper, D. M., Radom‐Aizik, S., & Lu, K. D. (2021) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13067 · Cited by 30
Barnett, L. M., Verswijveren, S. J. J. M., Colvin, B., Lubans, D. R., Telford, R. M., Lander, N., Schott, N., Tietjens, M., Hesketh, K. D., Morgan, P. J., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-023-01546-7 · Cited by 31
“Many children in the twenty-first century do not meet physical activity guidelines [1], are less fit than previous generations [2], and more likely to be children with over-weight or obesity [3].”
BackgroundYouth sport participation and parental mental health
Sutcliffe, J., Kelly, P. J., & Vella, S. A. (2020) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101832 · Cited by 33
Lander, N., Mazzoli, E., Cassar, S., Symington, N., & Salmon, J. (2020) · Children · doi:10.3390/children7110207 · Cited by 36
Veitch, J., Ball, K., Rivera, E., Loh, V. H. Y., Deforche, B. I., & Timperio, A. F. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-021-01203-x · Cited by 32
Hino, K., Ikeda, E., Sadahiro, S., & Inoue, S. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-021-01202-y · Cited by 31
“0) [7], Japan was highly rated as “A-” (i.”
Hurley, D., Swann, C., Allen, M. S., & Vella, S. A. (2019) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101635 · Cited by 31
Big Data Analysis of Sports and Physical Activities among Korean Adolescents
Park, S., ahn, H.-K., Kim, D.-K., & So, W.-Y. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17155577 · Cited by 32
“However, in spite of these advantages, Korean adolescents, along with those from Belgium, China, Scotland, and Taiwan, were ranked F in the overall physical activity index in the 2018 Report Card (RC), which was at the bottom of 49 countries [42].”
BackgroundMazzoli, E., Salmon, J., Pesce, C., Teo, W., Rinehart, N., May, T., & Barnett, L. M. (2021) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.12826 · Cited by 29
Graham, J. D., Bremer, E., Fenesi, B., & Cairney, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2021.688251 · Cited by 37
“Specifically, we wanted to investigate (1) whether the academic physical activity break conditions (n = 37) and the sedentary control conditions (n = 67) differed on executive functioning after excluding the 12 participants from the traditional physical activity conditions, (2) whether the two physical activity break…”
BackgroundRollo, S., Fraser, B. J., Seguin, N., Sampson, M., Lang, J. J., Tomkinson, G. R., & Tremblay, M. S. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01537-3 · Cited by 29
Silva, D. A. S., Aubert, S., Ng, K., Morrison, S. A., Cagas, J. Y., Tesler, R., Tladi, D., Manyanga, T., González, S. A., Lee, E., et al. (2022) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2022-0321 · Cited by 32
Self-citationResults from South Korea's 2018 Report Card on physical activity for children and youth
Oh, J.-W., Lee, E., Lim, J., Lee, S.-H., Jin, Y.-S., Song, B. K., Oh, B., Lee, C. G., Lee, D. H., Lee, H. J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2018.10.006 · Cited by 29
Chen, S., Guo, T., Yu, Q., Stubbs, B., Clark, C. C. T., Zhang, Z., Zhu, M., Hossain, M. M., Yeung, A., Griffiths, M. D., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.11.001 · Cited by 27
“, Sylvestre, M. P., O’Loughlin, J., Brunet, J., & Belanger, M. (2020). Mechanisms underpinning the association between physical activity and mental health in adolescence: A 6-year study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17, Article 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-0911-5 dwar…”
BackgroundInfluentialZhan, X.-Z., Clark, C. C. T., Bao, R., Duncan, M., Hong, J.-T., & Chen, S.-T. (2021) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2020.11.009 · Cited by 20
Reis, L. N., Reuter, C. P., Burns, R. D., Martins, C., Mota, J. A. P. S., Gaya, A. C. A., Silveira, J. F. D. C., & Gaya, A. R. (2024) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-024-04544-1 · Cited by 42
“Today’s youth are struggling to meet physical activity recommendations, as demonstrated by low moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) engagement [1–3], prolonged times spent in sedentary behaviors [2, 4, 5], and low health-and skill-related physical fitness [6, 7].”
BackgroundElsborg, P., Nielsen, G., Klinker, C. D., Melby, P. S., Christensen, J. H., & Bentsen, P. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7428-3 · Cited by 28
Long-Term Perspectives of a School-Based Intervention to Promote Active School Transportation
Savolainen, E., Rutberg, S., Backman, Y., & Lindqvist, A.-K. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17145006 · Cited by 29
“This lack of PA among children is problematic both nationally and globally, and efforts to increase opportunities for PA are very important [2].”
BackgroundGlobal Matrix 3.0 physical activity report card for children and youth: a comparison across Europe
Coppinger, T. C., Milton, K. E., Murtagh, E., Harrington, D. M., Johansen, D. L. N., Seghers, J., Skovgaard, T., & Chalkley, A. E. (2020) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.025 · Cited by 28
Suga, A. C. M., da Silva, A. A. D. P., Brey, J. R., Guerra, P. H., & Rodríguez-Añez, C. R. (2021) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2021.02.005 · Cited by 29
“t Jornal de Pediatria (2021);97(6):585--594”
BackgroundCorrelates of Children’s Physical Activity: A Canadian Multisite Study
Larouche, R., Blanchette, S., Faulkner, G., Riazi, N. A., Trudeau, F., & Tremblay, M. S. (2019) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002089 · Cited by 28
“The majority of children and youth across the world do not accumulate the recommended 60 min of daily moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) (1,2).”
BackgroundZiegeldorf, A., Schoene, D., Fatum, A., Brauer, K., & Wulff, H. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19174-6 · Cited by 41
“Despite this knowledge, most children worldwide are insufficiently active [5, 6].”
BackgroundKatewongsa, P., Pongpradit, K., & Widyastari, D. A. (2020) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2020.11.002 · Cited by 22
Reflections on the Field of Mental Health in Sport: Critical Issues and Ways of Moving Forward
Vella, S. A., Swann, C., & Tamminen, K. A. (2020) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2020.1854898 · Cited by 31
Virgara, R., Phillips, A., Lewis, L. K., Richardson, M., & Maher, C. A. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-01061-z · Cited by 26
“As few as 1 in 4 children achieve the recommended amount of MVPA [7] and 1 in 3 meet screen time guidelines [8] .”
BackgroundBlagus, R., Jurak, G., Starc, G., & Leskošek, B. (2022) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004265 · Cited by 25
“Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 37(2)/328–336”
BackgroundInfluentialKrylovas, A., Kosareva, N., & Dadelo, S. (2020) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math8101705 · Cited by 27
“0 study (A+ = 15, A = 14, A− = 13, B+ = 12, B = 11, B− = 10, C+ = 9, C = 8, C− = 7, D+ = 6, D = 5, D− = 4, F = 2) [29].”
Germany’s 2018 report card on physical activity for children and youth
Demetriou, Y., Bucksch, J., Hebestreit, A., Schlund, A., Niessner, C., Schmidt, S., Finger, J. D., Mutz, M., Völker, K., Vogt, L., et al. (2019) · German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research · doi:10.1007/s12662-019-00578-1 · Cited by 25
Self-citationTHE PEDIATRIC INACTIVITY TRIAD: A TRIPLE JEOPARDY FOR MODERN DAY YOUTH
Faigenbaum, A. D., MacDonald, J. P., Carvalho, C., & Rebullido, T. R. (2020) · ACSMʼs Health & Fitness Journal · doi:10.1249/fit.0000000000000584 · Cited by 26
“A vast majority of youth worldwide are not accumulating the recommended amount of daily MVPA (5).”
BackgroundLarouche, R., Barnes, J. D., Blanchette, S., Faulkner, G., Riazi, N. A., Trudeau, F., & Tremblay, M. S. (2020) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2019-0238 · Cited by 26
Self-citationda Costa, B. G. G., Chaput, J., Lopes, M. V. V., Malheiros, L. E. A., Tremblay, M. S., & da Silva, K. S. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239833 · Cited by 28
“However, when assessing behaviors according to these criteria, many adolescents do not engage in enough MVPA [13,14], spend excessive time on screen-based activities [14], and do not obtain sufficient sleep [15,16].”
BackgroundCobo, L. N., Ruz, R. P., & González, M. C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph181910187 · Cited by 35
“However, children showed a persistent global trend toward low PA and high sedentary behaviors [6].”
BackgroundSmith, M., Mavoa, S., Ikeda, E., Hasanzadeh, K., Zhao, J., Rinne, T. E., Donnellan, N., Kyttä, M., & Cui, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19031033 · Cited by 25
Verdot, C., Salanave, B., Aubert, S., Varela, A. R., & Deschamps, V. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19042164 · Cited by 30
“The aim is to respond to the set of indicators retained in international monitoring systems, such as the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Report Cards on physical activity for children and youth [27,41].”
BackgroundSelf-citationResults from Poland’s 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Zembura, P., Korcz, A., Nałęcz, H., & Cieśla, E. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19074276 · Cited by 28
“A crucial quality of the GM is that the benchmarking process is in large parts synchronized between the countries and is based on a unified methodological background, such as defining indicators, as well as a common benchmarking process and grading system [10].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialImportance of Organized Sport Participation for Youth Physical Activity
Vella, S. A., & Schweickle, M. J. (2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003026426-47 · Cited by 25
Porcuna, V. A., Sánchez‐López, M., Martínez‐Vizcaíno, V., Martínez-Andrés, M., Hermosa, A. R., & Rodríguez‐Martin, B. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18063086 · Cited by 37
Nyberg, G., Ekblom, Ö. B., Kjellenberg, K., Wang, R., Larsson, H., Jakobsson, B. T., & Helgadóttir, B. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph181910239 · Cited by 31
“Also, excessive use of screen time is common all over the world among children and adolescents and is particularly concerning in high and very high-income countries [11].”
BackgroundGonzález, S. A., Sarmiento, O. L., Flórez-Pregonero, A., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Chaput, J., & Tremblay, M. S. (2022) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.3389/ijph.2022.1604217 · Cited by 32
Self-citationZhang, D., Hong, J., Chen, S., & Liu, Y. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13886-3 · Cited by 29
“Self-reported MVPA were evaluated by two questions (days of MVPA on weekdays and weekend days, respectively) [26, 60, 61].”
MethodGarcía‐Hermoso, A., Ezzatvar, Y., Alonso-Martínez, A. M., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., Izquierdo, M., & López‐Gil, J. F. (2022) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-022-04760-w · Cited by 25
“Scientific literature also shows that young population in most of the countries present low prevalence of overall physical activity levels [36], a high prevalence of sedentary behavior levels [36], and an increasing prevalence of obesity [37].”
BackgroundJerebine, A., Heering, T., & Barnett, L. M. (2023) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2023.2193243 · Cited by 32
“The health benefits of regular physical activity (PA) in childhood are well established (Carson et al., 2017; Poitras et al., 2016), yet globally many children are not sufficiently active to meet PA guidelines (Aubert et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMoving in a hotter world: Maintaining adequate childhood fitness as a climate change countermeasure
Morrison, S. A. (2022) · Temperature · doi:10.1080/23328940.2022.2102375 · Cited by 25
“Children have greater surface-areato-mass ratio, lower sweating rates, and higher peripheral skin blood flow in the heat than do adults (reviewed in Refs [21–23]).”
BackgroundInfluentialBengoechea, E. G., Woods, C. B., Murtagh, E., Grady, C. L., Fabre, N., Lhuisset, L., Zunquin, G., Solana, A. A., Casterad, J. Z., Haerens, L. L., et al. (2024) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.2024.2318772 · Cited by 27
“Proportions of school-aged children meeting guidelines of on average 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA daily remain persistently low, with no meaningful progress being made for girls or boys across low-, middle-and high-income countries (Aubert et al., 2018; Guthold et al., 2020).”
Reyes-Amigo, T., Salinas-Gallardo, G., Mendoza, E., Ovalle-Fernández, C., Ibarra-Mora, J., Gómez-Álvarez, N., Beltrán, H. C., Páez‐Herrera, J., Almonacid, J. G. H., Sepulveda, R. A. Y., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1469998 · Cited by 27
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Bangladesh: a systematic scoping review
Uddin, R., Hasan, M. T., Saif‐Ur‐Rahman, K., Mandic, S., & Khan, A. (2019) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2019.10.006 · Cited by 25
Mandic, S., Hopkins, D., Bengoechea, E. G., Moore, A., Sandretto, S., Coppell, K. J., Ergler, C. R., Keall, M., Rolleston, A. K., Kidd, G., et al. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034899 · Cited by 24
Lane, C., Carson, V., Morton, K., Reno, K., Wright, C., Predy, M., & Naylor, P. (2021) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-021-00849-5 · Cited by 28
“Unfortunately the prevalence of children participating in sufficient levels of physical activity is low internationally [1].”
BackgroundMorgan, P. J., Rayward, A. T., Young, M. D., Pollock, E. R., Eather, N., Barnes, A. T., Kennedy, S.-L., Saunders, K. L., Drew, R. J., & Lubans, D. R. (2021) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaab056 · Cited by 25
“However, approximately 80% of youth worldwide fail to meet the minimum physical activity guidelines [4, 5] of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity [6].”
BackgroundWeaver, R. G., Tassitano, R. M., Tenório, M. C. M., Brazendale, K., & Beets, M. W. (2021) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2021-0254 · Cited by 22
Araújo, R. H. D. O., Werneck, A. O., Barboza, L. L. S., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., Martins, C., Tassitano, R. M., Silva, E. C. M., de Jesus, G. M., Matias, T. S., de Lima, L. R. A., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01291-3 · Cited by 23
“However, given that technological and financial resources are not always feasible to assess objective PA and sedentary behavior data, self-reported questionnaires have been widely used by the scientific community to guide actions in PA surveillance [6, 17].”
BackgroundSelf-citationLopez, J. R., Voss, C., Kuan, M. T. Y., Hemphill, N. M., Sandor, G. G. S., & Harris, K. C. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2019.12.019 · Cited by 28
Composition of weekly physical activity in adolescents by level of physical activity
Groffik, D., Fromel, K., & Baďura, P. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08711-8 · Cited by 22
Martins, J., Marques, A., Peralta, M., Henriques-Neto, D., Costa, J., Onofre, M., & Valeiro, M. A. G. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17155579 · Cited by 24
“These results seem to be contradictory, since in high-income countries policies and the provision of built environments tend to facilitate involvement in PE/PA opportunities in schools [13,45].”
ResultCardon, G., & Salmon, J. (2020) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.04.009 · Cited by 27
“The findings are alarming and very consistent with the 2018 Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card.6 The data appear to confirm that levels of insufficient activity among school-going adolescents continue to be extremely high, Peer review under responsibility of Shanghai University of Sport.”
InfluentialSelf-citationSchulze, C., Demetriou, Y., Emmerling, S., Schlund, A., Phillips, S. P., Puil, L. J., Coen, S. E., & Reimers, A. K. (2020) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-020-02370-9 · Cited by 22
Self-citationDeterminants and dynamics of active school travel in Ghanaian children
Agyeman, S., & Cheng, L. (2021) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2021.101304 · Cited by 22
Gába, A., Baďura, P., Vorlíček, M., Dygrýn, J., Hamřík, Z., Kudláček, M., Rubín, L., Sigmund, E., Sigmundová, D., & Vašíčková, J. (2022) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2022.08.002 · Cited by 20
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Aubert, S., Barnes, J. D., Abdeta, C., Abi Nader, P., Adeniyi, A. F., Aguilar-Farias, N., Andrade Tenesaca, D. S., Bhawra, J., Brazo-Sayavera, J., Cardon, G., Chang, C.-K., Delisle Nyström, C., Demetriou, Y., Draper, C. E., Edwards, L., Emeljanovas, A., Gába, A., Galaviz, K. I., González, S. A., Herrera-Cuenca, M., Huang, W. Y., Ibrahim, I. A. E., Jürimäe, J., Kämppi, K., Katapally, T. R., Katewongsa, P., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Khan, A., Korcz, A., Kim, Y. S., Lambert, E., Lee, E.-Y., Löf, M., Loney, T., López-Taylor, J., Liu, Y., Makaza, D., Manyanga, T., Mileva, B., Morrison, S. A., Mota, J., Nyawornota, V. K., Ocansey, R., Reilly, J. J., Roman-Viñas, B., Silva, D. A. S., Saonuam, P., Scriven, J., Seghers, J., Schranz, N., Skovgaard, T., Smith, M., Standage, M., Starc, G., Stratton, G., Subedi, N., Takken, T., Tammelin, T., Tanaka, C., Thivel, D., Tladi, D., Tyler, R., Uddin, R., Williams, A., Wong, S. H. S., Wu, C.-L., Zembura, P., & Tremblay, M. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Ibadan (NG)
- Universidad de Guadalajara (MX)
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CA)
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CA)
- Lithuanian Sports University (LT)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Haramaya University (ET)
- Corresponding author
- Tremblay, Mark S.
- ORCID
- Aubert, Salomé
- Barnes, Joel D.
- Abdeta, Chalchisa
- Adeniyi, Ade F.
- Bhawra, Jasmin
- Cardon, Greet
- Chang, Chen-Kang
- Demetriou, Yolanda
- Draper, Catherine E.
- Edwards, Lowri
- Gába, Aleš
- Galaviz, Karla I.
- González, Silvia A.
- Jürimäe, Jaak
- Kämppi, Katariina
- Katapally, Tarun R.
- Katewongsa, Piyawat
- Katzmarzyk, Peter T.
- Khan, Asaduzzaman
- Korcz, Agata
- Kim, Yeon Soo
- Lambert, Estelle
- Lee, Eun-Young
- Löf, Marie
- Loney, Tom
- Liu, Yang
- Makaza, Daga
- Manyanga, Taru
- Morrison, Shawnda A.
- Mota, Jorge
- Nyawornota, Vida K.
- Reilly, John J.
- Silva, Diego Augusto Santos
- Saonuam, Pairoj
- Seghers, Jan
- Schranz, Natasha
- Skovgaard, Thomas
- Smith, Melody
- Standage, Martyn
- Starc, Gregor
- Stratton, Gareth
- Subedi, Narayan
- Takken, Tim
- Tammelin, Tuija
- Tanaka, Chiaki
- Thivel, David
- Tladi, Dawn
- Tyler, Richard
- Uddin, Riaz
- Wong, Stephen H.S.
- Wu, Ching-Lin
- Zembura, Paweł
- Tremblay, Mark S.
- Venue
- Journal of Physical Activity and Health
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2018-01-02
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- s2
- Pages
- S251-S273
- ISSN
- 1543-3080 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-5474
- OpenAlex
- W2902173239
- Semantic Scholar
- 137a4b4daaee0814f91026b2a8a54c2023e26f9b
- Cited by
- 799
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 105 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 153 · 2021: 160 · 2020: 157 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 66.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Physical Activity and Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde) (submittedVersion)
- Repositorio Institucional (Universidad de Cuenca) (submittedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Edge Hill University Research Information Repository (Edge Hill University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Pure (University of Bath) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Cardiff Metropolitan Research Repository (Cardiff Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion)
- ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Recreational Sport and Physical Activity
- Keywords
- children's physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, Human Development Index, cross-national comparison, physical activity opportunities, public health interventions
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Exercise, Research Report
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