The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 12 of the 19 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons
Open accessAbstract
A discrete quantum walk occurs in the orbital angular momentum space of light, both for a single photon and for two simultaneous photons.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
A discrete quantum walk is realized in the orbital angular momentum (OAM) space of light, using spin-orbit coupling in q-plates, for both single photons and two indistinguishable photons. The same platform enables step-by-step wavepacket dynamics, band-structure/topological measurements, and observation of multiparticle interference.
Key findings
- The authors demonstrate a photonic QW in a single light beam, encoding the coin in spin angular momentum (SAM) and the walker in OAM, with q-plates implementing conditional OAM shifts of ±1.
- Single-photon four-step QWs with localized input show experimental/theoretical similarities of 94.7 ± 0.4%, 93.4 ± 0.5%, 99.7 ± 0.1%, and 99.2 ± 0.2% across standard and hybrid configurations.
- Gaussian OAM wavepackets propagate according to the QW band dispersion; five-step wavepacket similarities reach 98.2 ± 0.4% and 99.0 ± 0.2%, and varying quasi-momentum across the Brillouin zone verifies the topological class via a single full rotation of the SAM eigenstate on the Poincaré sphere.
- Two-photon three-step QWs show two-photon interference: standard-case total variation distance is 6.5 ± 0.9% from indistinguishable-photon theory versus 16.5 ± 0.9% from distinguishable-photon theory; hybrid-case values are 13.5 ± 0.7% versus 21.1 ± 0.7%.
Methods
- Design: discrete-time QW with coin in SAM and walker in OAM; a step is implemented by wave plates and a q-plate with q = 1/2, using QWP-QP-HWP for localized single-photon walks and QP plus QWP for wavepacket and two-photon experiments.
- Data/sample: photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion; single-photon experiments used heralded photons, while two-photon experiments sent both photons through the QW setup after preparing input polarization |R⟩|L⟩.
- Analysis: projective measurements in polarization and OAM, compared with theory using a similarity measure S and total variation distance (TVD); wavepacket experiments prepared Gaussian OAM envelopes and varied average quasi-momentum k0 in steps of π/8 across (0, π).
Limitations
- The authors state that the walk evolution cannot be position-dependent (OAM-dependent), unlike some other implementations, though they suggest possible future fixes using azimuthal-coordinate elements or the radial beam coordinate.
- The authors state that the platform cannot simulate particle interactions, a limitation common to fully photonic QW implementations.
- The authors note that the linear scaling advantage holds only in the optical near-field; in the far-field, the transverse size of optical components would have to increase with the OAM range.
- The authors attribute residual discrepancies between observed two-photon distributions and indistinguishable-photon theory to systematic errors from imperfect alignment of the setup.
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Claims the paper makes
12 of 19 cited sources checked · 5 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“As a consequence, the operator Ŝ entangles the coin and the walker systems (27, 29).”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > QW in the OAM space of a photon
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [27] Abal G., Siri R., Romanelli A., Donangelo R., Quantum walk on the line: Entanglement and nonlocal initial conditions. Phys. Rev. A 73, 042302 (2006). source
Section II defines Ŝ as the conditional shift in the walk’s evolution operator. The Introduction states that the evolution operator induces coin-position entanglement, supporting the claim about Ŝ. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Supportedcites [29] Vieira R., Amorim E. P. M., Rigolin G., Dynamically disordered quantum walk as a maximal entanglement generator. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 180503 (2013). 24237496 source
The Introduction states that the operator S correlates displacement with the qubit’s internal state and that this entangles its internal and external degrees of freedom. It describes this after the coin operation generally creates a spin superposition. (LLM, conf=0.93)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“A current limitation of our approach is that the walk evolution cannot be position-dependent (that is, OAM-dependent), in contrast to other implementations (9, 23).”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [9] Crespi A., Osellame R., Ramponi R., Giovannetti V., Fazio R., Sansoni L., De Nicola F., Sciarrino F., Mataloni P., Anderson localization of entangled photons in an integrated quantum walk. Nature Photon. 7, 322– 328 (2013). source
The paper’s main text reports a quantum-walk lattice with static disorder whose phase shift varies by lattice site, and Figure 4 describes this as “position-dependent disorder.” This supports citing it as an implementation with position-dependent walk evolution. The OAM-dependent limitation is the citing authors’ description of their own approach, not a claim attributed to this paper. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Supportedcites [23] Schreiber A., Gábris A., Rohde P. P., Laiho K., Štefaňák M., Potoček V., Hamilton C., Jex I., Silberhorn C., A 2D quantum walk simulation of two-particle dynamics. Science 336, 55– 58 (2012). 22403179 source
The citation is attached to the contrast with other implementations, not to the citing authors’ statement about their own approach. Schreiber et al. describe a position-dependent walk: they modify the coin operator at diagonal positions while leaving other positions unaffected (main text, p. 3). The source does not need to use OAM to support that contrast. (LLM, conf=0.91)
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, in contrast to other photonic QW implementations, the number of optical components employed scales only linearly with the number of steps, because at each step all OAM values are addressed simultaneously by a single optical element, whose transverse extension remains constant.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > DISCUSSION
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The similarities between experimental and predicted final OAM distributions are 94.7 ± 0.4%, 93.4 ± 0.5%, 99.7 ± 0.1%, and 99.2 ± 0.2%, respectively.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Single-photon QW with localized initial state
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The similarities between experimental and theoretical OAM distributions are 98.9 ± 0.2%, 96.2 ± 0.4%, 98.4 ± 0.3%, 93.2 ± 0.6%, 99.1 ± 0.2%, and 97.3 ± 0.4%, respectively.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Simulation of wavepacket dynamics in OAM space
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result of the spin-orbit coupling, the wavepacket splits into two components propagating in opposite directions, as shown in Fig. 5H.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Simulation of wavepacket dynamics in OAM space
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The similarities with the DPT model are, instead, 96.4 and 91.8%, respectively.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Two-photon QW
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The measured distributions indeed violate these inequalities by several SDs, as illustrated in the Supplementary Materials (figs. S6 and S7).”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Two-photon QW
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because of reflection losses (mainly at the QP, which is not antireflection-coated), each step has a transmission efficiency of 86% (but adding an antireflection coating could easily improve this value to >95%).”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Single-photon QW with localized initial state
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Fig. 4, we report the experimental “real-time” (that is, step-by-step) observation of these propagating packets for a five-step QW. These data refer in particular to the band s = 1, with k0 = π and k0 = π/2, corresponding to maximum and vanishing group velocities, respectively, with a step operator implemented by a QP plus a QWP.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Simulation of wavepacket dynamics in OAM space
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 23
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“As a specific demonstration of this feature, we experimentally verified the band structure characterizing a QW; we prepared Gaussian wavepackets of a photon in OAM space, for different values of the average linear quasi-momentum, and observed their free quantum dynamics, governed by the underlying band dispersion relations and the associated topological spin-orbit features (11, 27, 28).”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [11] Rudner Kitagawa T. M. S., Berg E., Demler E., Exploring topological phases with quantum walks. Phys. Rev. A 82, 033429 (2010). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Partly supportedcites [27] Abal G., Siri R., Romanelli A., Donangelo R., Quantum walk on the line: Entanglement and nonlocal initial conditions. Phys. Rev. A 73, 042302 (2006). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Partly supportedcites [28] Kitagawa T., Topological phenomena in quantum walks: Elementary introduction to the physics of topological phases. Quantum Inf. Process. 11, 1107– 1148 (2012). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In particular, the QP raises or lowers the OAM of the incoming photon according to its SAM state, while leaving the photon in the same optical beam, that is, with no deflections or diffractions.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > QW in the OAM space of a photon
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [26] Marrucci L., Manzo C., Paparo D., Optical spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in inhomogeneous anisotropic media. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 163905 (2006). 16712234 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The discussion on p. 3 says the q-plate produces an outgoing helical wave whose orbital angular momentum has a sign controlled by the input circular polarization; the measurements on p. 5 confirm this for the emerging beam. Our copy does not establish the further assertion that the beam undergoes no deflection or diffraction. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Partly supportedcites [30] Marrucci L., Karimi E., Slussarenko S., Piccirillo B., Santamato E., Nagali E., Sciarrino F., Spin-to-orbital conversion of the angular momentum of light and its classical and quantum applications. J. Opt. 13, 064001 (2011). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 5 gives the q-plate’s single-photon rules: left- and right-circular polarization change OAM by +2q and −2q, respectively. The claim’s absolute ‘no diffractions’ qualification is not supported: section 3 says neglecting transverse diffraction is an approximation and describes diffraction within and beyond the plate. The retrieved passages do not explicitly establish the separate ‘no deflections’ qualification. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Partly supportedcites [31] Cardano F., Karimi E., Slussarenko S., Marrucci L., de Lisio C., Santamato E., Polarization pattern of vector vortex beams generated by q-plates with different topological charges. Appl. Opt. 51, C1– C6 (2012). 22505084 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section III states that a tuned q-plate gives the optical field a helical wavefront whose handedness depends on the input circular polarization; Section IV describes the resulting transmitted beam. These passages support the SAM-dependent OAM change, but our copy does not establish the additional claim that there are no deflections or diffractions. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not checked yetcites [32] D’Ambrosio V., Nagali E., Walborn S. P., Aolita L., Slussarenko S., Marrucci L., Sciarrino F., Complete experimental toolbox for alignment-free quantum communication. Nat. Commun. 3, 961 (2012). 22805568 source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
- Partly supportedcites [33] D’Ambrosio V., Spagnolo N., Del Re L., Slussarenko S., Li Y., Kwek L. C., Marrucci L., Walborn S. P., Aolita L., Sciarrino F., Photonic polarization gears for ultra-sensitive angular measurements. Nat. Commun. 4, 2432 (2013). 24045270 PMC3791460 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods section (Q-plate fabrication; page not provided) states that a q-plate changes OAM by +2q or −2q depending on the incoming circular polarization, supporting the SAM-dependent OAM change. The cited passages do not establish that the photon remains in the same optical beam with no deflections or diffractions. The Abstract discusses avoiding diffraction losses from angular masks used for OAM readout, which is a narrower point. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“The dispersion relation of quasi-energies ws(k) shows two gapped bands associated with the coin eigenstates |ϕs(k)〉, whereas the parametric dependence of the latter states on k defines the QW topological structure (28).”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > QW in the OAM space of a photon
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [28] Kitagawa T., Topological phenomena in quantum walks: Elementary introduction to the physics of topological phases. Quantum Inf. Process. 11, 1107– 1148 (2012). source
The effective-Hamiltonian discussion and Fig. 2 caption (p. 3) describe two quasi-energy bands arising from the walk’s two internal states, with a finite gap for general rotation angles. The same section says the momentum-dependent eigenstate direction n(k) winds around the Bloch sphere and identifies that winding as the origin of the walk’s topological nature. The gap closes at exceptional rotation angles, a qualification to the generic gapped-band description. (LLM, conf=0.92)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We demonstrate both the QW of single photons and that of two indistinguishable photons, thus highlighting the role of multiparticle quantum interferences.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > INTRODUCTION
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In the paper
“The two distributions show a good quantitative agreement, as confirmed by their similarities being higher than 95% (see figure captions for details).”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Two-photon QW
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the hybrid case, the TVD with the IPT is 13.5 ± 0.7%, to be compared with 21.1 ± 0.7% for the DPT.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Two-photon QW
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“We exploited this feature to investigate the effective band structure of QWs, demonstrating the propagation of Gaussian wavepackets for different points in the Brillouin zone and exploring the associated topological structure arising from the spin-orbit coupling.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > DISCUSSION
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In the paper
“The similarities of the data with the DPT distributions are significantly lower.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Two-photon QW
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the standard case, the TVD of the experimental distribution with the IPT one is 6.5 ± 0.9%, to be compared with the TVD of 16.5 ± 0.9% for the DPT model.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Two-photon QW
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A discrete quantum walk occurs in the orbital angular momentum space of light, both for a single photon and for two simultaneous photons.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In our case, we observe a single full rotation (we actually see half a rotation, as we tested only half of the Brillouin zone), thus verifying the topological class of our system.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Simulation of wavepacket dynamics in OAM space
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Here, we implement experimentally the proposal by Zhang et al., thus demonstrating the first photonic QW occurring in a single light beam and using the OAM degree of freedom of photons as discrete walker coordinate”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > INTRODUCTION
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In the paper
“At the fifth step, the similarities between experimental and theoretical OAM distributions are 98.2 ± 0.4% and 99.0 ± 0.2%, respectively.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Simulation of wavepacket dynamics in OAM space
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The similarities between experimental and predicted quantum distributions (IPT model) are 98.2 ± 0.4% and 95.8 ± 0.3% for the standard and the hybrid walk, respectively.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Two-photon QW
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It must be noted, however, that this advantage in scaling remains valid only as long as the entire QW takes place in the optical near-field, where the beam cross-section size will remain approximately constant, whereas in the far-field, the transverse size of the optical components will have to increase with the OAM range (see the Supplementary Materials).”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > DISCUSSION
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“States belonging to different bands, which correspond to orthogonal polarization eigenstates, propagate in opposite directions, that is, V1(k0) = –V2(k0), highlighting the strong spin-orbit coupling of this system (see Supplementary Materials for more details).”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Simulation of wavepacket dynamics in OAM space
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“The V-polarized photon, reflected at the PBS, is sent directly to a detector and provides a trigger, so as to operate the QW simulation in a heralded single-photon quantum regime.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Single-photon QW with localized initial state
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When A(m) is a slowly varying envelope, these wavepackets are expected to propagate on the 1D lattice with only minimal shape variations and with a speed given by the group velocity Vs(k0)=(dωs/dk)k=k0.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Simulation of wavepacket dynamics in OAM space
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The associated quasi-momentum has a Gaussian distribution centered on k0 (incidentally, the average quasi-momentum k0 corresponds also to the average azimuthal angle in real space for the optical field distribution within the beam).”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Simulation of wavepacket dynamics in OAM space
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the OAM QW platform introduced in this work is also immediately suitable for simulating multiparticle quantum processes, for which quantum interferences cannot be reproduced classically.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Two-photon QW
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Another potential advantage of the present implementation is the possibility to carry out a full quantum tomography of the outgoing state, which is very challenging for standard interferometric implementations.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > DISCUSSION
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the similarity is not a very sensitive test, because it tends to remain high even for fairly different distributions.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Two-photon QW
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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In the paper
“In the implemented setup, the linear distance d between adjacent steps is small compared to the Rayleigh range zR of the photons, that is, d/zR ≪ 1 (near-field regime), so as to avoid optical effects that would alter the nature of the simulated process; a detailed discussion is provided in the Supplementary Materials.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Single-photon QW with localized initial state
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the limit of paraxial optics, these two quantities are independent and well defined; the first is associated with the polarization of the light, whereas the second is related to the azimuthal structure of the optical wavefront in the transverse plane (30).”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > QW in the OAM space of a photon
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [30] Marrucci L., Karimi E., Slussarenko S., Piccirillo B., Santamato E., Nagali E., Sciarrino F., Spin-to-orbital conversion of the angular momentum of light and its classical and quantum applications. J. Opt. 13, 064001 (2011). source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it allows one to dynamically vary the Hamiltonian system and to measure the whole evolution step by step (not only the final output) without changing the experimental setup.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > INTRODUCTION
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In the paper
“In the actual device, the radial profile of the photonic wave function undergoes a small alteration, which however can be approximately neglected in our implementation, as discussed in the Supplementary Materials.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > QW in the OAM space of a photon
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a very important feature of this QW implementation is the possibility of flexibly preparing arbitrary superpositions or “delocalized” initial states of the walker by exploiting standard holographic optical devices (or, conversely, to make a full quantum tomography of the delocalized output quantum state).”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > INTRODUCTION
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This proves once more that the measured correlations must be quantum and that they include the effect of multiparticle interference.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Two-photon QW
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Controlling the quasi-momentum of delocalized quantum states is crucial for carrying out quantum simulations of Bloch-particle dynamics, as shown for instance in (39).”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Simulation of wavepacket dynamics in OAM space
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [39] Atala M., Aidelsburger M., Barreiro J. T., Abanin D., Kitagawa T., Demler E., Bloch I., Direct measurement of the Zak phase in topological Bloch bands. Nat. Phys. 9, 795– 800 (2013). source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Not checked yet
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“A similar approach was used to simulate the evolution of a multiband Bloch particle in a time-dependent field, by shining an engineered waveguide array with classical coherent light (37) [see also (38) for a review on discrete-waveguide lattice effects].”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Simulation of wavepacket dynamics in OAM space
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [37] Longhi S., Lobino M., Marangoni M., Ramponi R., Laporta P., Cianci E., Foglietti V., Semiclassical motion of a multiband Bloch particle in a time-dependent field: Optical visualization. Phys. Rev. B 74, 155116 (2006). source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [38] Christodoulides D. N., Lederer F., Silberberg Y., Discretizing light behaviour in linear and nonlinear waveguide lattices. Nature 424, 817– 823 (2003). 12917695 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We ascribe the residual discrepancies between the observed distributions and the IPT quantum predictions to systematic errors arising from imperfect alignment of the setup.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > Two-photon QW
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In particular, we used only wave plate combinations giving rise to unbiased QWs.”
§ Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons > RESULTS > QW in the OAM space of a photon
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The ease and versatility of SLMs can be exploited in many applications ranging from optical communication [55,56] to holography-based optical tweezers [57,58].”
From Photonic quantum information processing: a review (2019) · cites this paper as [57]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Quasi-momentum range excludes plotted endpoints
MinorThe stated range (0, π) excludes both endpoints, but the same figure caption says results are shown for k0 = 0 and k0 = π.
“with different values of average quasi-momentum k0 in the range (0, π).”
“Panels refer to k0 = 0, π/4, π/2, 3π/4, π, respectively.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cardano, F., Massa, F., Qassim, H., Karimi, E., Slussarenko, S., Paparo, D., de Lisio, C., Sciarrino, F., Santamato, E., Boyd, R. W., & Marrucci, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Naples Federico II (IT)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- National Research Council (IT)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Marrucci, Lorenzo
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science Advances
- Published
- 2015-03-06
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e1500087-e1500087
- ISSN
- 2375-2548 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4643825
- OpenAlex
- W2163382649
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 8
- FWCI
- 17.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Science Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Seventh Framework Programme (ID0EWVAE648, 255914)
- European Research Council (ID0EN4AE649, 307783)
- Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada (ID0E65AE650, ID0EOAAG651)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Keywords
- quantum walks, orbital angular momentum of light, twisted photons, photonic quantum simulation, wave packet dynamics, electronic band structure, momentum space, Gaussian wave packets
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