CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 3,924Immune Response and InflammationVitamin D Research StudiesTuberculosis Research and Epidemiology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Toll-Like Receptor Triggering of a Vitamin D-Mediated Human Antimicrobial Response

Liu, Philip T., Stenger, Steffen, Li, Huiying, Wenzel, Linda, Tan, Belinda H., Krutzik, Stephan R., Ochoa, Maria Teresa, Schauber, Jürgen, Wu, Kent, Meinken, Christoph, Kamen, Diane L., Wagner, Manfred, Bals, Robert, Steinmeyer, Andreas, Zügel, Ulrich, Gallo, Richard L., Eisenberg, David, Hewison, Martin, Hollis, Bruce W., Adams, John S., Bloom, Barry R., Modlin, Robert L.·2006·Science
DOI 10.1126/science.1123933
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

In innate immune responses, activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) triggers direct antimicrobial activity against intracellular bacteria, which in murine, but not human, monocytes and macrophages is mediated principally by nitric oxide. We report here that TLR activation of human macrophages up-regulated expression of the vitamin D receptor and the vitamin D-1–hydroxylase genes, leading to induction of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin and killing of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis . We also observed that sera from African-American individuals, known to have increased susceptibility to tuberculosis, had low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and were inefficient in supporting cathelicidin messenger RNA induction. These data support a link between TLRs and vitamin D–mediated innate immunity and suggest that differences in ability of human populations to produce vitamin D may contribute to susceptibility to microbial infection.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.1123933

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 24 references

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Liu, P. T., Stenger, S., Li, H., Wenzel, L., Tan, B. H., Krutzik, S. R., Ochoa, M. T., Schauber, J., Wu, K., Meinken, C., Kamen, D. L., Wagner, M., Bals, R., Steinmeyer, A., Zügel, U., Gallo, R. L., Eisenberg, D., Hewison, M., Hollis, B. W., Adams, J. S., Bloom, B. R., & Modlin, R. L.
Affiliations
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
  • Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics; University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Corresponding author
  • Liu, Philip T.
  • Stenger, Steffen
  • Modlin, Robert L.
ORCID
Venue
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
2006-03-24
Volume
311
Issue
5768
Pages
1770-1773
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
DOI
10.1126/science.1123933
OpenAlex
W2124580054
Cited by
3,924
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 80 · 2025: 126 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 197 · 2022: 185 · 2021: 222 · 2020: 213 · 2019: 171 · 2018: 181 · 2017: 215 · 2016: 217 · 2015: 239 · 2014: 252 · 2013: 221 · 2012: 266
FWCI
67.99
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI48176, AI-22553, R21AI048176, K22AI085025, AI 47868, AI 052453)
  • National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR 45676, R01AR045676, AR50626, R01AR050626)
  • National Center for Research Resources (RR00425, M01RR000425)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD043921, R01HD043921)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Keywords
Toll-like receptors, vitamin D, vitamin D receptor, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, cathelicidin, antimicrobial peptides, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, human macrophages, innate immunity, tuberculosis susceptibility, African American population, intracellular bacterial killing
MeSH terms
Black or African American, Calcitriol, Dendritic Cells, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Macrophages, Monocytes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, RNA, Messenger, Steroid Hydroxylases, Tuberculosis, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase, Colony Count, Microbial, Up-Regulation, Receptors, Calcitriol, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Toll-Like Receptors, Cathelicidins, Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review