Rheb Activates mTOR by Antagonizing Its Endogenous Inhibitor, FKBP38
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR, is a central regulator of cell growth. Its activity is regulated by Rheb, a Ras-like small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase), in response to growth factor stimulation and nutrient availability. We show that Rheb regulates mTOR through FKBP38, a member of the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) family that is structurally related to FKBP12. FKBP38 binds to mTOR and inhibits its activity in a manner similar to that of the FKBP12-rapamycin complex. Rheb interacts directly with FKBP38 and prevents its association with mTOR in a guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP)–dependent manner. Our findings suggest that FKBP38 is an endogenous inhibitor of mTOR, whose inhibitory activity is antagonized by Rheb in response to growth factor stimulation and nutrient availability.
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The underlying principles of molecular glue mechanisms might be rooted in partial mimicry of naturally occurring PPIs at preexisting sites of high PPI propensity, interactions further enhanced by a matching molecular glue.
“Taken together, our findings provide another example that the underlying principles of molecular glue mechanisms might be rooted in the partial mimicry of naturally occurring PPIs at preexisting sites of high PPI propensity, interactions that are further enhanced by a matching molecular glue1,10,11,50–54.”
From Cereblon induces G3BP2 neosubstrate degradation using molecular surface mimicry (2026) · cites this paper as [50]
mTOR exists in two complexes, mTORC1 with raptor and mTORC2 with rictor, which account for the diversity, specificity, and selectivity of rapamycin-mediated TOR inhibition.
“mTOR is present in two complexes, mTORC1 (associated with ‘raptor’) and mTORC2 (associated with ‘rictor’), accounting for the diversity, specificity and selectivity of rapamycin-mediated inhibition of TOR signalling”
From Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
Rapamycin inhibits mTORC1 by binding to FKBP12.
“which was discovered after it was shown that rapamycin is able to inhibit mTORC1 via binding to the protein FKBP12 (REFS31,32).”
From Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Bai, X., Ma, D., Liu, A., Shen, X., Wang, Q. J., Liu, Y., & Jiang, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jiang, Yu
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2007-11-09
- Volume
- 318
- Issue
- 5852
- Pages
- 977-980
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1970707895
- Cited by
- 382
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 18.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA129821)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM068832, GM068832)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- Rheb, mTOR, FKBP38, FKBP12, FKBP, small GTPases, mTOR inhibition, growth factor signaling, nutrient availability, cell growth regulation
- MeSH terms
- Ras Homolog Enriched in Brain Protein, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Amino Acids, Cell Line, Culture Media, Guanosine Triphosphate, Humans, Insulin, Neuropeptides, Phosphorylation, Protein Binding, Protein Kinases, Proteins, Recombinant Proteins, Transcription Factors, Signal Transduction, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Sirolimus, Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins, Tacrolimus Binding Proteins, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Serum, Multiprotein Complexes, Mutant Proteins, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
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