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A Late Archean Sulfidic Sea Stimulated by Early Oxidative Weathering of the Continents
Abstract
Iron speciation data for the late Archean Mount McRae Shale provide evidence for a euxinic (anoxic and sulfidic) water column 2.5 billion years ago. Sulfur isotope data compiled from the same stratigraphic section suggest that euxinic conditions were stimulated by an increase in oceanic sulfate concentrations resulting from weathering of continental sulfide minerals exposed to an atmosphere with trace amounts of photosynthetically produced oxygen. Variability in local organic matter flux likely confined euxinic conditions to midportions of the water column on the basin margin. These findings indicate that euxinic conditions may have been common on a variety of spatial and temporal scales both before and immediately after the Paleoproterozoic rise in atmospheric oxygen, hinting at previously unexplored texture and variability in deep ocean chemistry during Earth's early history.
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“Then, by 2.8 to 2.6 Ga ago, increasing concentrations and isotopic fractionation of Mo and S in marine shales suggest that O2 proximal to cyanobacterial mats and stromatolites on land oxidized sulfides and boosted sulfate and Mo riverine fluxes to the oceans (70, 80, 102–104).”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [104]
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“The whiff is recorded by spikes in Mo and Re concentrations, elevated nitrogen isotope values, and iron speciation data (Anbar et al., 2007; Reinhard et al., 2009; Garvin et al., 2009);”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Reinhard et al., 2009
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Metadata
- Authors
- Reinhard, C. T., Raiswell, R., Scott, C., Anbar, A. D., & Lyons, T. W.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Arizona State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lyons, Timothy W.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2009-10-30
- Volume
- 326
- Issue
- 5953
- Pages
- 713-716
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1969079562
- Cited by
- 287
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 16.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Keywords
- Late Archean, euxinia, iron speciation, sulfur isotopes, oxidative weathering, continental weathering, atmospheric oxygen rise, Paleoproterozoic, early Earth ocean chemistry, organic matter flux, basin margin
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