Why Copy Others? Insights from the Social Learning Strategies Tournament
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It Pays to Be a Copy Cat: Does it pay to copy what others do? Rendell et al. (p. 208 ) elected to copy Robert Axelrod's 1979 tournament in which strategies for playing the iterated prisoner's dilemma game were pitted against each other until an overall winner emerged—the tit-for-tat strategy. In the 2008 tournament, 100 social learning strategies designed to cope with a changing environment competed against each other; the winning strategy involved sampling the behaviors of other players periodically, rather than exploring the environment alone.
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The effectiveness of cultural accumulation can be attributed to the flexibility with which participants engage in social learning and independent discovery.
“Its effectiveness can be attributed to the flexibility with which participants engage in these two mechanisms [Enquist et al., 2008, Rendell et al., 2010, Mesoudi and Thornton, 2018].”
From Artificial Generational Intelligence: Cultural Accumulation in Reinforcement Learning (2024) · cites this paper as Rendell et al., 2010
The Abstract says selective use of social learning may help balance its benefits against its risks. But the Results report that the best tournament strategies learned almost exclusively by copying rather than independent discovery, and the Discussion says choosing between forms of learning may not be necessary. The paper therefore does not establish flexibility between those two mechanisms as the reason cultural accumulation is effective. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Rendell, L., Boyd, R., Cownden, D., Enquist, M., Eriksson, K., Feldman, M. W., Fogarty, L., Ghirlanda, S., Lillicrap, T., & Laland, K. N.
- Affiliations
- University of St Andrews (GB)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Queen's University (CA)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rendell, L.
- Laland, K. N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2010-04-09
- Volume
- 328
- Issue
- 5975
- Pages
- 208-213
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC2989663
- OpenAlex
- W2038900621
- Cited by
- 811
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 67
- FWCI
- 1771.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM028016)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Language and cultural evolution
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- social learning, copying behavior, trial-and-error learning, information filtering, adaptive behavior, learning strategies, evolutionary game theory
- MeSH terms
- Cooperative Behavior, Cultural Evolution, Games, Experimental, Humans, Imitative Behavior, Learning, Problem Solving, Social Behavior, Software, Linear Models, Observation
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