Tet Proteins Can Convert 5-Methylcytosine to 5-Formylcytosine and 5-Carboxylcytosine

Conversion of 5-Methylcytosine to 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Mammalian DNA by MLL Partner TET1

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The Nuclear DNA Base 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Is Present in Purkinje Neurons and the Brain

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Role of Tet proteins in 5mC to 5hmC conversion, ES-cell self-renewal and inner cell mass specification

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EUKARYOTIC CYTOSINE METHYLTRANSFERASES

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Hydroxylation of 5-Methylcytosine by TET1 Promotes Active DNA Demethylation in the Adult Brain

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Active DNA demethylation: many roads lead to Rome

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Tissue Distribution of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine and Search for Active Demethylation Intermediates

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Thymine DNA glycosylase is essential for active DNA demethylation by linked deamination-base excision repair

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The Colorful History of Active DNA Demethylation

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DNA demethylation by DNA repair

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Metabolism-driven chromatin dynamics: Molecular principles and technological advances

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Epigenetic Regulation of a Brain-specific Glycosyltransferase N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase-IX (GnT-IX) by Specific Chromatin Modifiers

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Transcriptional activation of transposable elements in mouse zygotes is independent of Tet3-mediated 5-methylcytosine oxidation

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The Genetic and Epigenetic Journey of Embryonic Stem Cells into Mature Neural Cells

Olynik, B. M., & Rastegar, M. (2012) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2012.00081 · Cited by 58

Sleep Fragmentation During Late Gestation Induces Metabolic Perturbations and Epigenetic Changes in Adiponectin Gene Expression in Male Adult Offspring Mice

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Dynamic Combinatorial Mass Spectrometry Leads to Inhibitors of a 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Nucleic Acid Demethylase

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MLML: consistent simultaneous estimates of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation

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A TET Homologue Protein from Coprinopsis cinerea (CcTET) That Biochemically Converts 5-Methylcytosine to 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-Formylcytosine, and 5-Carboxylcytosine

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TET-mediated hydroxymethylcytosine at the Pparγ locus is required for initiation of adipogenic differentiation

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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce size-dependent cytotoxicity and genomic DNA hypomethylation in human respiratory cells

Ma, Y., Guo, Y., Wu, S., Lv, Z., Zhang, Q., & Ke, Y. (2017) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c6ra28272e · Cited by 54

Heavy Metals Induce Decline of Derivatives of 5-Methycytosine in Both DNA and RNA of Stem Cells

Xiong, J., Liu, X., Cheng, Q.-Y., Xiao, S., Xia, L., Yuan, B., & Feng, Y. (2017) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/acschembio.7b00170 · Cited by 53

Potential coordination role between O-GlcNAcylation and epigenetics

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Oxygen gradients can determine epigenetic asymmetry and cellular differentiation via differential regulation of Tet activity in embryonic stem cells

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Computational chemical biology and drug design: Facilitating protein structure, function, and modulation studies

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The Role of Activity-Dependent DNA Demethylation in the Adult Brain and in Neurological Disorders

Bayraktar, G., & Kreutz, M. R. (2018) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00169 · Cited by 57

Technologies for targeting DNA methylation modifications: Basic mechanism and potential application in cancer

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Metabolic control of DNA methylation in naive pluripotent cells

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Quantification and mapping of DNA modifications

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Prostate Cancer Epigenetics: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical ImplicationsPreprint

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Decoding neural transcriptomes and epigenomes via high-throughput sequencing

Shin, J., Ming, G., & Song, H. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3814 · Cited by 53

Epigenetics, TET proteins, and hypoxia in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumorigenesis

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Chromatin modifications in metabolic disease: Potential mediators of long‐term disease risk

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Ten‐eleven translocation‐2 inactivation restrains IL‐10‐producing regulatory B cells to enable antitumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma

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Simultaneous single-cell analysis of 5mC and 5hmC with SIMPLE-seq

Bai, D., Zhang, X., Xiang, H., Guo, Z., Zhu, C., & Yi, C. (2024) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-024-02148-9 · Cited by 54

Alterations of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Human Cancers

Mariani, C. J., Madžo, J., Moen, E. L., Yesilkanal, A. E., & Godley, L. A. (2013) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers5030786 · Cited by 53

Selective Chemical Labelling of 5‐Formylcytosine in DNA by Fluorescent Dyes

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Establishing pluripotency in early development

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Aberrant TET1 Methylation Closely Associated with CpG Island Methylator Phenotype in Colorectal Cancer

Ichimura, N., Shinjo, K., An, B., Shimizu, Y., Yamao, K., Ohka, F., Katsushima, K., Hatanaka, A., Tojo, M., Yamamoto, E., et al. (2015) · Cancer Prevention Research · doi:10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0306 · Cited by 55

Modifiers and Readers of DNA Modifications and Their Impact on Genome Structure, Expression, and Stability in Disease

Ludwig, A. K., Zhang, P., & Cardoso, M. C. (2016) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2016.00115 · Cited by 56

High fat diet and exercise lead to a disrupted and pathogenic DNA methylome in mouse liver

Zhou, D., Hlady, R. A., Schafer, M. J., White, T. A., Liu, C., Choi, J.-H., Miller, J. D., Roberts, L. R., LeBrasseur, N. K., & Robertson, K. D. (2016) · Epigenetics · doi:10.1080/15592294.2016.1261239 · Cited by 52

Voluntary Physical Exercise Induces Expression and Epigenetic Remodeling of VegfA in the Rat Hippocampus

Sølvsten, C. A. E., de Paoli, F. V., Christensen, J., & Nielsen, A. L. (2016) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-016-0344-y · Cited by 55

Methyl-dependent and spatial-specific DNA recognition by the orthologous transcription factors human AP-1 and Epstein-Barr virus Zta

Hong, S., Wang, D., Horton, J. R., Zhang, X., Speck, S. H., Blumenthal, R., & Cheng, X. (2017) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkx057 · Cited by 53

Whole-Genome Bisulfite Sequencing for the Analysis of Genome-Wide DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation Patterns at Single-Nucleotide Resolution

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The role of DNA-demethylating agents in cancer therapy

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Functionally distinct roles for TET-oxidized 5-methylcytosine bases in somatic reprogramming to pluripotency

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The chromosomal protein SMCHD1 regulates DNA methylation and the 2c-like state of embryonic stem cells by antagonizing TET proteins

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Epigenetics in formation, function, and failure of the endocrine pancreas

Golson, M. L., & Kaestner, K. H. (2017) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2017.05.015 · Cited by 52

DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications in atherosclerosis and a novel perspective for epigenetic therapy

Zhang, L., Xia, C., Yang, Y., Sun, F., Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Liu, R., & Yuan, M. (2023) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-023-01298-8 · Cited by 52

LncRNAs and the cancer epigenome: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential

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Epigenetic Mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Dynamics of ten‐eleven translocation hydroxylase family proteins and 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine in oligodendrocyte differentiation

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IDH1, a CHOP and C/EBPβ-responsive gene under ER stress, sensitizes human melanoma cells to hypoxia-induced apoptosis

Yang, X., Du, T., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Hu, W., Du, X., Miao, L., & Han, C. (2015) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2015.05.027 · Cited by 51

Developmental and environmental epigenetic programming of the endocrine pancreas: consequences for type 2 diabetes

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Evidence that active demethylation mechanisms maintain the genome of carcinoma in situ cells hypomethylated in the adult testis

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Comparative analysis of affinity-based 5-hydroxymethylation enrichment techniques

Thomson, J. P., Hunter, J. M., Nestor, C. E., Dunican, D. S., Terranova, R., Moggs, J. G., & Meehan, R. R. (2013) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkt1080 · Cited by 51

DNA methylation and demethylation: A pathway to gametogenesis and development

Dean, W. (2013) · Molecular Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1002/mrd.22280 · Cited by 55

Dynamic Switching of Active Promoter and Enhancer Domains Regulates Tet1 and Tet2 Expression during Cell State Transitions between Pluripotency and Differentiation

Sohni, A., Bartoccetti, M., Khoueiry, R., Spans, L., Velde, J. V., Troyer, L. D., Pulakanti, K., Claessens, F., Rao, S., & Koh, K. P. (2015) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.01172-14 · Cited by 52

Roles of IDH1/2 and TET2 mutations in myeloid disorders

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Genomic 5-mC contents in peripheral blood leukocytes were independent protective factors for coronary artery disease with a specific profile in different leukocyte subtypes

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N6-Adenosine Methylation in RNA and a Reduced m3G/TMG Level in Non-Coding RNAs Appear at Microirradiation-Induced DNA Lesions

Kovaříková, A. S., Stixová, L., Kovařı́k, A., Komůrková, D., Legartová, S., Fagherazzi, P., & Bártová, E. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9020360 · Cited by 51

DNA Methylation Editing by CRISPR-guided Excision of 5-Methylcytosine

Devesa-Guerra, I., Morales‐Ruíz, T., Pérez-Roldán, J., Parrilla-Doblas, J. T., León, M. D., García‐Ortiz, M. V., Ariza, R. R., & Roldán‐Arjona, T. (2020) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2020.02.007 · Cited by 51

TET enzymatic oxidation of 5-methylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-formylcytosine

Cadet, J., & Wagner, J. R. (2013) · Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.09.001 · Cited by 53

DNA Methylation in T-Cell Development and Differentiation

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Effect of Perfluorooctanoic Acid on the Epigenetic and Tight Junction Genes of the Mouse Intestine

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TET2 is a component of the estrogen receptor complex and controls 5mC to 5hmC conversion at estrogen receptor cis-regulatory regions

Broome, R., Chernukhin, I. V., Jamieson, S., Kishore, K., Papachristou, E. K., Mao, S.-Q., Tejedo, C. G., Mahtey, A., Theodorou, V., Groen, A. J., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108776 · Cited by 50

Unraveling the epigenetic landscape of pulmonary arterial hypertension: implications for personalized medicine development

Dave, J. K., Jagana, V., Janoštiak, R., & Bisserier, M. (2023) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-023-04339-5 · Cited by 50

mi R ‐370 and mi R ‐373 regulate the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis by modulating one‐carbon metabolism via SHMT ‐2 and MECP ‐2, respectively

Song, J., Kim, D., Chun, C. H., & Jin, E. (2015) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.12363 · Cited by 50

Detection of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA via host–guest interactions inside α-hemolysin nanopores

Zeng, T., Liu, L., Li, T., Li, Y., Gao, J., Zhao, Y., & Wu, H. (2015) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/c5sc01436k · Cited by 50

Base Excision Repair Facilitates a Functional Relationship Between Guanine Oxidation and Histone Demethylation

Li, J., Braganza, A., & Sobol, R. W. (2013) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2012.5107 · Cited by 50

The biology and clinical impact of genetic lesions in myeloid malignancies

Lindsley, R. C., & Ebert, B. L. (2013) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2013-06-460295 · Cited by 50

Regulation of the transcriptional program by DNA methylation during human αβ T-cell development

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Resources for methylome analysis suitable for gene knockout studies of potential epigenome modifiers

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5-Formylcytosine does not change the global structure of DNA

Hardwick, J. S., Ptchelkine, D., El-Sagheer, A. H., Tear, I., Singleton, D. G., Phillips, S. E. V., Lane, A. N., & Brown, T. P. (2017) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb.3411 · Cited by 50

Nei-like 1 (NEIL1) excises 5-carboxylcytosine directly and stimulates TDG-mediated 5-formyl and 5-carboxylcytosine excision

Slyvka, A., Mierzejewska, K., & Bochtler, M. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07458-4 · Cited by 50

Detecting and interpreting DNA methylation marks

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Phosphorylation of TET2 by AMPK is indispensable in myogenic differentiation

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TFEB Links MYC Signaling to Epigenetic Control of Myeloid Differentiation and Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Yun, S., Vincelette, N. D., Yu, X., Watson, G. W., Fernandez, M. R., Yang, C., Hitosugi, T., Cheng, C., Freischel, A. R., Zhang, L., et al. (2020) · Blood Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-20-0029 · Cited by 51

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine: the many faces of the sixth base of mammalian DNA

Kriukienė, E., Tomkuvienė, M., & Klimašauskas, S. (2024) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d3cs00858d · Cited by 50

The Epigenetic Switches for Neural Development and Psychiatric Disorders

Lv, J., Xin, Y., Zhou, W., & Qiu, Z. (2013) · Journal of genetics and genomics/Journal of Genetics and Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2013.04.007 · Cited by 51

TET1 is controlled by pluripotency-associated factors in ESCs and downmodulated by PRC2 in differentiated cells and tissues

Neri, F., Incarnato, D., Křepelová, A., Dettori, D., Rapelli, S., Maldotti, M., Parlato, C., Anselmi, F., Galvagni, F., & Oliviero, S. (2015) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkv392 · Cited by 51

Thymine DNA Glycosylase Is a CRL4Cdt2 Substrate

Slenn, T. J., Morris, B. L., Havens, C. G., Freeman, R. M., Takahashi, T. S., & Walter, J. C. (2014) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.574194 · Cited by 49

Tet-mediated covalent labelling of 5-methylcytosine for its genome-wide detection and sequencing

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Epigenetics-Based Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Disorders

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5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine enrichment of non-committed cells is not a universal feature of vertebrate development

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Merging Data from Genetic and Epigenetic Approaches to Better Understand Autistic Spectrum Disorder

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Age-associated hydroxymethylation in human bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Toraño, E. G., Bayón, G. F., del Real, Á., Sierra, M., García, M. G., Carella, A., Belmonte, T., Urdinguio, R. G., Cubillo, I., Garcı́a-Castro, J., et al. (2016) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0966-x · Cited by 49

5-Formylcytosine mediated DNA–protein cross-links block DNA replication and induce mutations in human cells

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Hypermethylation of the Micro-RNA 145 Promoter Is the Key Regulator for NLRP3 Inflammasome-Induced Activation and Plaque Formation

Zhong, W. H., Li, B., Xu, Y., Yang, P., Chen, R., Wang, Z., Shao, C., Song, J., & Yan, J. (2018) · JACC Basic to Translational Science · doi:10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.06.004 · Cited by 51

Selectivity and Promiscuity in TET-Mediated Oxidation of 5-Methylcytosine in DNA and RNA

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Protein Interactions at Oxidized 5-Methylcytosine Bases

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Catalytic Mechanism of Human Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 (TET2) Enzyme: Effects of Conformational Changes, Electric Field, and Mutations

Waheed, S. O., Chaturvedi, S. S., Karabencheva‐Christova, T. G., & Christov, C. Z. (2021) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c05034 · Cited by 49

Role of Mitochondria in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From an Epigenetic Perspective

Xu, S., Zhang, X., Liu, C., Liu, Q., Chai, H., Luo, Y., & Li, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.688789 · Cited by 53

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Promotes Proliferation of Human Uterine Leiomyoma: A Biological Link to a New Epigenetic Modification in Benign Tumors

Navarro, A., Yin, P., Ono, M., Monsivais, D., Moravek, M. B., Coon, J. S., Dyson, M. T., Wei, J., & Bulun, S. E. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-2264 · Cited by 49

Simultaneous mapping of active DNA demethylation and sister chromatid exchange in single cellsPreprint

Wu, X., Inoue, A., Suzuki, T., & Zhang, Y. (2017) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.294843.116 · Cited by 49

(R) -2-Hydroxyglutarate Inhibits KDM5 Histone Lysine Demethylases to Drive Transformation in IDH -Mutant Cancers

Gunn, K., Myllykoski, M., Cao, J. Z., Ahmed, M., Huang, B., Rouaisnel, B., Diplas, B. H., Levitt, M. M., Looper, R., Doench, J. G., et al. (2023) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0825 · Cited by 57

Epigenetics as a versatile regulator of fibrosis

Liu, Y., Wen, D., Ho, C., Li, Y., Zheng, D., O’Reilly, S., Gao, Y., Li, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-023-04018-5 · Cited by 49

Roles for Tbx3 in regulation of two-cell state and telomere elongation in mouse ES cells

Dan, J., Li, M., Yang, J., Li, J., Okuka, M., Ye, X., & Liu, L. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep03492 · Cited by 48

Clinical significance of DNA methylation mRNA levels of TET family members in colorectal cancer

Rawłuszko-Wieczorek, A. A., Siera, A., Horbacka, K., Horst, N., Krokowicz, P., & Jagodziński, P. P. (2015) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-014-1901-2 · Cited by 48

Chromatin regulators of genomic imprinting

Weaver, J. R., & Bartolomei, M. S. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms · doi:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2013.12.002 · Cited by 55

Role of Mecp2 in Experience-Dependent Epigenetic Programming

Zimmermann, C. A., Hoffmann, A., Raabe, F. J., & Spengler, D. (2015) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes6010060 · Cited by 51

Embryo manipulation via assisted reproductive technology and epigenetic asymmetry in mammalian early development

Kohda, T., & Ishino, F. (2012) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0353 · Cited by 48

Biochemical, Epigenetic, and Metabolic Approaches to Target IDH Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Fathi, A. T., Wander, S. A., Faramand, R. G., & Emadi, A. (2015) · Seminars in Hematology · doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2015.03.002 · Cited by 48

Structural Basis for Excision of 5-Formylcytosine by Thymine DNA Glycosylase

Pidugu, L. S. M., Flowers, J. W., Coey, C. T., Pozharski, E. V., Greenberg, M. M., & Drohat, A. C. (2016) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00982 · Cited by 48

Epigenomic landscape of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine reveals its transcriptional regulation of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer

Hu, H., Shu, M., He, L., Yu, X., Liu, X., Lu, Y., Chen, Y., Miao, X., & Chen, X. (2017) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.457 · Cited by 50

DNA Methylation Dynamics and Cocaine in the Brain: Progress and Prospects

Vaillancourt, K., Ernst, C., Mash, D. C., & Turecki, G. (2017) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes8050138 · Cited by 50

A Critical Role of TET1/2 Proteins in Cell-Cycle Progression of Trophoblast Stem Cells

Chrysanthou, S., Senner, C. E., Woods, L. M., Fineberg, E., Okkenhaug, H., Burge, S., Pérez-García, V., & Hemberger, M. (2018) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.02.014 · Cited by 50

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine alterations in the human postmortem brains of autism spectrum disorder

Cheng, Y., Li, Z., Manupipatpong, S., Lin, L., Li, X., Xu, T., Jiang, Y.-H., Shu, Q., Wu, H., & Jin, P. (2018) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddy193 · Cited by 48

Dynamic regulation of epigenetic demethylation by oxygen availability and cellular redox

Lamadema, N., Burr, S., & Brewer, A. C. (2018) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.009 · Cited by 50

Epigenetic modification of cytosines fine tunes the stability of i-motif DNA

Wright, E. P., Abdelhamid, M. A. S., Ehiabor, M. O., Grigg, M. C., Irving, K. L., Smith, N. M., & Waller, Z. A. E. (2019) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkz1082 · Cited by 48

Vitamin C Sensitizes Melanoma to BET Inhibitors

Mustafi, S., Camarena, V., Volmar, C.-H., Huff, T. C., Sant, D. W., Brothers, S. P., Liu, Z.-J., Wahlestedt, C., & Wang, G. (2018) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2040 · Cited by 47

Materials and Methods Figs. S1 to S19 Tables S1 to S15

(2011)

Role and regulation of TET-mediated \nDNA modifications in gene expression

Müller, U. (2014) · Electronic Theses of LMU Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München)

Mechanisms and functions of Tet protein-mediated 5-methylcytosine oxidationPreprint

Wu, H., & Zhang, Y. (2011) · Genes & Development · doi:10.17615/800j-yk16 · Cited by 686

Role and regulation of TET-mediated DNA modifications in gene expression

Müller, U. (2014) · doi:10.5282/edoc.17823

Results and Discussion

(2016)