Caucasian Genes in American Negroes: Measurement of non-African ancestry is difficult, but it is worthwhile for several genetic reasons.

Reed, T. Edward

doi:10.1126/science.165.3895.762

Cited by 320Forensic and Genetic ResearchRace, Genetics, and SocietyGenetic diversity and population structure

Caucasian Genes in American Negroes: Measurement of non-African ancestry is difficult, but it is worthwhile for several genetic reasons.

Reed, T. Edward·1969·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.165.3895.762

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The average African American has about one-quarter of his or her genes from non-African (nonblack) ancestors, although most estimates are likely to be conservative.
“The average African American has about onequarter of his or her genes from non-African (nonblack) ancestors, although most estimates are likely to be conservative (cf.Marks 1995;Reed 1969).”
From "Race" and the Construction of Human Identity (1998) · cites this paper as Reed 1969
The paper's estimates of mean African ancestry in 23andMe African Americans are 73% or 75%, unlike previous estimates that typically ranged from 77% to 93%.
“Unlike previous estimates of the mean proportion of African ancestry, which typically have ranged from 77% to 93% African ancestry,2–4,48–62 our estimates, depending on exclusions, are 73% or 75%.”
From The genetic ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States (2015) · cites this paper as [52]

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Authors: Reed, T. E.
Affiliations: University of Toronto (CA)
Corresponding author: Reed, T. Edward
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 1969-08-22
Volume: 165
Issue: 3895
Pages: 762-768
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.165.3895.762
OpenAlex: W2116425403
Cited by: 319
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 3.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Race, Genetics, and Society
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
Keywords: American Negroes, African Americans, racial mixing, allele frequency, human genetics
MeSH terms: Africa, Alleles, Black or African American, Blood Group Antigens, Gene Frequency, Genotype, Humans, Hybridization, Genetic, North America, Phenotype, Selection, Genetic, United States, Black People, White People

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Caucasian Genes in American Negroes: Measurement of non-African ancestry is difficult, but it is worthwhile for several genetic reasons.

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