The New View of Animal Phylogeny

PHYLOGENIES FROM MOLECULAR SEQUENCES: INFERENCE AND RELIABILITY

Felsenstein, J. (1988) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ge.22.120188.002513 · Cited by 2,159 · see citing works

Evidence for a clade of nematodes, arthropods and other moulting animals

Aguinaldo, A. M. A., Turbeville, J. M., Linford, L. S., Rivera, M. C., Garey, J. R., Raff, R. A., & Lake, J. A. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/387489a0 · Cited by 1,609 · see citing works

A revised six-kingdom system of life

Cavalier‐Smith, T. (1998) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1017/s0006323198005167 · Cited by 1,067 · see citing works

Animal evolution: interrelationships of the living phyla

(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.50-1469 · Cited by 1,041 · see citing works

Early animal evolution: emerging views from comparative biology and geology

Knoll, A. H., & Carroll, S. B. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5423.2129 · Cited by 821 · see citing works

Three-dimensional preservation of algae and animal embryos in a Neoproterozoic phosphorite

Xiao, S., Zhang, Y., & Knoll, A. H. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35318 · Cited by 783 · see citing works

Molecular Phylogeny of the Animal Kingdom

Field, K. G., Olsen, G. J., Lane, D. J., Giovannoni, S. J., Ghiselin, M. T., Raff, E. C., Pace, N. R., & Raff, R. A. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3277277 · Cited by 744 · see citing works

Biostratigraphic and Geochronologic Constraints on Early Animal Evolution

Grotzinger, J. P., Bowring, S. A., Saylor, B. Z., & Kaufman, A. J. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5236.598 · Cited by 701 · see citing works

Cladistics and polychaetes

Rouse, G. W., & Fauchald, K. (1997) · Zoologica Scripta · doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1997.tb00412.x · Cited by 693 · see citing works

Reading the entrails of chickens: molecular timescales of evolution and the illusion of precision

Graur, D., & Martin, W. (2004) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2003.12.003 · Cited by 669 · see citing works

First molecular evidence for the existence of a Tardigrada + Arthropoda clade

Giribet, G., Carranza, S., Baguñà, J., Riutort, M., & Ribera, C. (1996) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025573 · Cited by 661 · see citing works

Invertebrate Zoology: A Functional Evolutionary Approach

Ruppert, E. E., Fox, R. S., & Barnes, R. D. (2003) · Cited by 626 · see citing works

The origins and relationships of lower invertebrates

Morris, S. C. (1983) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1983.tb02002.x · Cited by 605 · see citing works

Untitled work

(1940) · Andalas University Repository (Andalas University) · Cited by 591 · see citing works

Evidence from 18 S Ribosomal DNA that the Lophophorates Are Protostome Animals

Halanych, K. M., Bacheller, J. D., Aguinaldo, A. M. A., Liva, S. M., Hillis, D. M., & Lake, J. A. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7886451 · Cited by 582 · see citing works

Arthropod phylogeny based on eight molecular loci and morphology

Giribet, G., Edgecombe, G. D., & Wheeler, W. C. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35093097 · Cited by 575 · see citing works

Hox genes in brachiopods and priapulids and protostome evolution

de Rosa, R., Grenier, J. K., Andreeva, T., Cook, C. E., Adoutte, A., Akam, M., Carroll, S. B., & Balavoine, G. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/21631 · Cited by 541 · see citing works

Anteroposterior patterning in hemichordates and the origins of the chordate nervous system

Lowe, C. J., Wu, M., Salic, A., Evans, L., Lander, E., Stange-Thomann, N., Gruber, C. E., Gerhart, J., & Kirschner, M. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00469-0 · Cited by 531 · see citing works

Animal phylogeny and the ancestry of bilaterians: inferences from morphology and 18S rDNA gene sequences

Peterson, K. J., & Eernisse, D. J. (2001) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2001.003003170.x · Cited by 529 · see citing works

Molecular Evidence for Deep Precambrian Divergences Among Metazoan Phyla

Wray, G. A., Levinton, J. S., & Shapiro, L. H. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5287.568 · Cited by 511 · see citing works

Precambrian Sponges with Cellular Structures

Li, C.-W., Chen, J.-Y., & Hua, T.-E. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5352.879 · Cited by 489 · see citing works

Lower Cambrian vertebrates from south China

Shu, D.-G., Luo, H.-L., Conway Morris, S., Zhang, X.-L., Hu, S.-X., Chen, L., Han, J., Zhu, M., Li, Y., & Chen, L.-Z. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/46965 · Cited by 459 · see citing works

Phylogeny of the Metazoa Based on Morphological and 18S Ribosomal DNA Evidence

Zrzavý, J., Mihulka, S., Kepka, P., Bezděk, A., & Tietz, D. F. (1998) · Cladistics · doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1998.tb00338.x · Cited by 439 · see citing works

Arthropod Relationships

Fortey, R. A., & Thomas, R. H. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4904-4 · Cited by 438 · see citing works

Acoel Flatworms: Earliest Extant Bilaterian Metazoans, Not Members of Platyhelminthes

Ruiz‐Trillo, I., Riutort, M., Littlewood, D. T. J., Herniou, E. A., & Baguñà, J. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5409.1919 · Cited by 435 · see citing works

Details of the evolutionary history from invertebratesto vertebrates, as deduced from the sequences of 18S rDNA.

Wada, H., & Satoh, N. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.5.1801 · Cited by 429 · see citing works

Triploblastic Relationships with Emphasis on the Acoelomates and the Position of Gnathostomulida, Cycliophora, Plathelminthes, and Chaetognatha: A Combined Approach of 18S rDNA Sequences and Morphology

Giribet, G., Distel, D. L., Polz, M. F., Sterrer, W. E., & Wheeler, W. C. (2000) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635159950127385 · Cited by 423 · see citing works

Embryology: constructing the organism

(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-3280 · Cited by 423 · see citing works

Evolution of the chordate body plan: New insights from phylogenetic analyses of deuterostome phyla

Cameron, C. B., Garey, J. R., & Swalla, B. J. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4469 · Cited by 414 · see citing works

Origins of Bilateral Symmetry: <i>Hox</i> and <i>Dpp</i> Expression in a Sea Anemone

Finnerty, J. R., Pang, K., Burton, P., Paulson, D., & Martindale, M. Q. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1091946 · Cited by 407 · see citing works

Evaluating hypotheses of basal animal phylogeny using complete sequences of large and small subunit rRNA

Medina, M., Collins, A. G., Silberman, J. D., & Sogin, M. L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.171316998 · Cited by 395 · see citing works

Molecular evidence that echiurans and pogonophorans are derived annelids

McHugh, D. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.15.8006 · Cited by 369 · see citing works

Phylogeny of Medusozoa and the evolution of cnidarian life cycles

Collins, A. G. (2002) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00403.x · Cited by 355 · see citing works

Ecdysozoan phylogeny and Bayesian inference: first use of nearly complete 28S and 18S rRNA gene sequences to classify the arthropods and their kin

Mallatt, J. M., Garey, J. R., & Shultz, J. W. (2003) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.013 · Cited by 344 · see citing works

Origin of the metazoan phyla: Molecular clocks confirm paleontological estimates

Ayala, F. J., Rzhetsky, A., & Ayala, F. J. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.2.606 · Cited by 342 · see citing works

Mitochondrial Genomes of Galathealinum, Helobdella, and Platynereis: Sequence and Gene Arrangement Comparisons Indicate that Pogonophora Is Not a Phylum and Annelida and Arthropoda Are Not Sister Taxa

Boore, J. L., & Brown, W. M. (2000) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026241 · Cited by 325 · see citing works

Articulated halkieriids from the Lower Cambrian of North Greenland and their role in early protostome evolution

Morris, S. C., & Peel, J. S. (1995) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1995.0029 · Cited by 325 · see citing works

An ancient role for nuclear β-catenin in the evolution of axial polarity and germ layer segregation

Wikramanayake, A. H., Hong, M., Lee, P. N., Pang, K., Byrum, C. A., Bince, J. M., Xu, R., & Martindale, M. Q. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02113 · Cited by 324 · see citing works

Invertebrate Relationships

Willmer, P. G. (1990) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511623547 · Cited by 323 · see citing works

The last common bilaterian ancestor

Erwin, D. H., & Davidson, E. H. (2002) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.129.13.3021 · Cited by 320 · see citing works

Annelida and Arthropoda are Not Sister Taxa: A Phylogenetic Analysis of Spiralian Metazoan Morphology

Eernisse, D. J., Albert, J. S., & Anderson, F. E. (1992) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/41.3.305 · Cited by 315 · see citing works

Invertebrate relationships: patterns in animal evolution

(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0957 · Cited by 306 · see citing works

Mitochondrial protein phylogeny joins myriapods with chelicerates

Hwang, U. W., Friedrich, M., Tautz, D., Park, C., & Kim, W. B. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35093090 · Cited by 281 · see citing works

Sponge paraphyly and the origin of Metazoa

Borchiellini, C., Manuel, M., Alivon, E., Boury-Esnault, N., Vacelet, J., & Le Parco, Y. (2001) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00244.x · Cited by 275 · see citing works

Structure and Function of Metazoan Ciliary Bands and Their Phylogenetic Significance

Nielsen, C. (1987) · Acta Zoologica · doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1987.tb00892.x · Cited by 266 · see citing works

The Demise of a Phylum of Protists: Phylogeny of Myxozoa and Other Parasitic Cnidaria

Siddall, M. E., Martin, D. S., Bridge, D. M., Desser, S. S., & Cone, D. K. (1995) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3284049 · Cited by 257 · see citing works

Testing the New Animal Phylogeny: First Use of Combined Large-Subunit and Small-Subunit rRNA Gene Sequences to Classify the Protostomes

Mallatt, J. M., & Winchell, C. J. (2002) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004082 · Cited by 257 · see citing works

Deuterostome phylogeny and the sister group of the chordates: evidence from molecules and morphology.

Turbeville, J. M., Schulz, J. R., & Raff, R. A. (1994) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040143 · Cited by 256 · see citing works

Fossilized Metazoan Embryos from the Earliest Cambrian

Bengtson, S., & Zhao, Y. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5332.1645 · Cited by 255 · see citing works

Evaluating Hypotheses of Deuterostome Phylogeny and Chordate Evolution with New LSU and SSU Ribosomal DNA Data

Winchell, C. J., Sullivan, J. M., Cameron, C. B., Swalla, B. J., & Mallatt, J. M. (2002) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004134 · Cited by 253 · see citing works

Evaluating multiple alternative hypotheses for the origin of Bilateria: An analysis of 18S rRNA molecular evidence

Collins, A. G. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.26.15458 · Cited by 252 · see citing works

Class-level relationships in the phylum Cnidaria: molecular and morphological evidence.

Bridge, D. M., Cunningham, C., DeSalle, R., & Buss, L. W. (1995) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040246 · Cited by 251 · see citing works

Phylogeny of Choanozoa, Apusozoa, and Other Protozoa and Early Eukaryote Megaevolution

Cavalier‐Smith, T., & Chao, E. E. Y. (2003) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-002-2424-z · Cited by 250 · see citing works

The early evolution of metazoa and the significance of problematic taxa

Seilacher, A. (1993) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/0031-0182(93)90065-q · Cited by 250 · see citing works

Evidence from 12 <i>S</i> Ribosomal RNA Sequences that Onychophorans Are Modified Arthropods

Ballard, J. W. O., Olsen, G. J., Faith, D. P., Odgers, W. A., Rowell, D. M., & Atkinson, P. W. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1455227 · Cited by 248 · see citing works

Phylogenetic position of the Pentastomida and (pan)crustacean relationships

Lavrov, D. V., Brown, W. M., & Boore, J. L. (2004) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2631 · Cited by 247 · see citing works

Coelomata and Not Ecdysozoa: Evidence From Genome-Wide Phylogenetic AnalysisPreprint

Wolf, Y. I., Rogozin, I. B., & Koonin, E. V. (2004) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.1347404 · Cited by 247 · see citing works

NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCE PHYLOGENY AND RANDOM OUTGROUPS

Wheeler, W. C. (1990) · Cladistics · doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1990.tb00550.x · Cited by 245 · see citing works

Urochordates Are Monophyletic Within the Deuterostomes

Swalla, B. J., Cameron, C. B., Lavine, L. C., & Garey, J. R. (2000) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150050207384 · Cited by 245 · see citing works

A phylogenetic analysis of myosin heavy chain type II sequences corroborates that Acoela and Nemertodermatida are basal bilaterians

Ruiz‐Trillo, I., Paps, J., Loukota, M., Ribera, C., Jondelius, U., Baguñà, J., & Riutort, M. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.172390199 · Cited by 243 · see citing works

A Review of Arthropod Phylogeny: New Data Based on Ribosomal DNA Sequences and Direct Character Optimization

Giribet, G., & Ribera, C. (2000) · Cladistics · doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00353.x · Cited by 239 · see citing works

Molecular Evidence That the Myxozoan Protists Are Metazoans

Smothers, J. F., von Dohlen, C. D., Smith, L. H., & Spall, R. D. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8085160 · Cited by 239 · see citing works

Changes in mitochondrial genetic codes as phylogenetic characters: Two examples from the flatworms

Telford, M. J., Herniou, E. A., Russell, R. B., & Littlewood, D. T. J. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.21.11359 · Cited by 236 · see citing works

Triploblastic Animals More Than 1 Billion Years Ago: Trace Fossil Evidence from India

Seilacher, A., Bose, P. K., & Pflüger, F. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5386.80 · Cited by 231 · see citing works

Can the Cambrian explosion be inferred through molecular phylogeny?

Philippe, H., Chenuil, A., & Adoutte, A. (1994) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.1994.supplement.15 · Cited by 226 · see citing works

The ancestry of the vertebrates

Jefferies, R. P. S. (1986) · Cited by 225 · see citing works

Biology of the Chengjiang Fauna

Chen, J., & Chiawei, L. (1997) · Cited by 222 · see citing works

Cladistic analyses of the animal kingdom

Nielsen, C., Scharff, N., & Eibye-Jacobsen, D. (1996) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1996.tb01857.x · Cited by 222 · see citing works

The evolutionary position of nematodes

Blair, J. E., Ikeo, K., Gojobori, T., & Hedges, S. B. (2002) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-2-7 · Cited by 218 · see citing works

Molecular phylogeny of the major arthropod groups indicates polyphyly of crustaceans and a new hypothesis for the origin of hexapods

Regier, J. C., & Shultz, J. W. (1997) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025833 · Cited by 217 · see citing works

Origin of the Metazoa.

Lake, J. A. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.2.763 · Cited by 215 · see citing works

Primitive deuterostomes from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte (Lower Cambrian, China)

Shu, D., Morris, S. C., Han, J., Chen, L., Zhang, X.-L., Zhang, Z., Liu, H.-Q., Li, Y., & Liu, J.-N. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35106514 · Cited by 205 · see citing works

The direction of evolution within the Polychaeta

Westheide, W. (1997) · Journal of Natural History · doi:10.1080/00222939700770011 · Cited by 203 · see citing works

Cycliophora is a new phylum with affinities to Entoprocta and Ectoprocta

Funch, P., & Kristensen, R. M. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/378711a0 · Cited by 200 · see citing works

Dating the Time of Origin of Major Clades: Molecular Clocks and the Fossil Record

Smith, A. B., & Peterson, K. J. (2002) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.30.091201.140057 · Cited by 193 · see citing works

Xenoturbella is a deuterostome that eats molluscs

Bourlat, S. J., Nielsen, C., Lockyer, A. E., Littlewood, D. T. J., & Telford, M. J. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01851 · Cited by 188 · see citing works

18S rRNA data indicate that Aschelminthes are polyphyletic in origin and consist of at least three distinct clades.

Winnepenninckx, B., Backeljau, T., Mackey, L. Y., Brooks, J. M., Wächter, R. D., Kumar, S., & Garey, J. R. (1995) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040287 · Cited by 187 · see citing works

Molecular Evidence for Acanthocephala as a Subtaxon of Rotifera

Garey, J. R., Near, T. J., Nonnemacher, M. R., & Nadler, S. A. (1996) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf02338837 · Cited by 186 · see citing works

Molecular phylogeny of brachiopods and phoronids based on nuclear–encoded small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences

Cohen, B. L., Gawthrop, A. B., & Cavalier‐Smith, T. (1998) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0351 · Cited by 185 · see citing works

Sponge phylogeny, animal monophyly, and the origin of the nervous system: 18S rRNA evidence

Cavalier-Smith, T., Allsopp, M. T. E. P., Chao, E. E., Boury-Esnault, N., & Vacelet, J. (1996) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/z96-231 · Cited by 180 · see citing works

Arthropod-like Expression Patterns of engrailed and wingless in the Annelid Platynereis dumerilii Suggest a Role in Segment Formation

Prud’homme, B., de Rosa, R., Arendt, D., Julien, J.-F., Pajaziti, R., Dorresteijn, A. W. C., Adoutte, A., Wittbrodt, J., & Balavoine, G. (2003) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2003.10.006 · Cited by 180 · see citing works

A Molecular Phylogenetic Framework for the Phylum Ctenophora Using 18S rRNA Genes

Podar, M., Haddock, S. H. D., Sogin, M. L., & Harbison, G. R. (2001) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.1036 · Cited by 175 · see citing works

Hox genes and the phylogeny of the arthropods

Cook, C. E., Smith, M. L., Telford, M. J., Bastianello, A., & Akam, M. E. (2001) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00222-6 · Cited by 173 · see citing works

The Invertebrates: Protozoa through Ctenophora

Wenrich, D. H., & Hyman, L. H. (1941) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3272899 · Cited by 173 · see citing works

Aplacophora as Progenetic Aculiferans and the Coelomate Origin of Mollusks as the Sister Taxon of Sipuncula

Scheltema, A. H. (1993) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.2307/1542380 · Cited by 173 · see citing works

A New Species of Yunnanozoan with Implications for Deuterostome Evolution

Shu, D., Morris, S. C., ZHANG, Z.-R., Liu, J. N., Han, J., Chen, L., Zhang, X. L., Yasui, K., & Li, Y. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1079846 · Cited by 169 · see citing works

Molecular evidence for inclusion of the phylum pentastomida in the crustacea

Abele, L. G., Kim, W., & Felgenhauer, B. (1989) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040581 · Cited by 167 · see citing works

Investigations into the phylogenetic position of Micrognathozoa using four molecular loci

Giribet, G., Sørensen, M. V., Funch, P., Kristensen, R. M., & Sterrer, W. E. (2004) · Cladistics · doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00004.x · Cited by 166 · see citing works

Investigation of molluscan phylogeny using large-subunit and small-subunit nuclear rRNA sequences

Passamaneck, Y. J., Schänder, C., & Halanych, K. M. (2004) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.12.016 · Cited by 164 · see citing works

The Mitochondrial Genome of the Sipunculid Phascolopsis gouldii Supports Its Association with Annelida Rather than Mollusca

Boore, J. L., & Staton, J. L. (2002) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004065 · Cited by 161 · see citing works

Molecular systematics of vestimentiferan tubeworms from hydrothermal vents and cold-water seeps

Black, M. B., Halanych, K. M., Maas, P. A. Y., Hoeh, W. R., Hashimoto, J., Desbruyères, D., Lutz, R. A., & Vrijenhoek, R. C. (1997) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s002270050233 · Cited by 158 · see citing works

The Phylogenetic Position of the Pterobranch Hemichordates Based on 18S rDNA Sequence Data

Halanych, K. M. (1995) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1006/mpev.1995.1007 · Cited by 154 · see citing works

Molecular Phylogeny of Metazoan Intermediate Filament Proteins

Erber, A., Riemer, D., Bovenschulte, M., & Weber, K. K. (1998) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/pl00006434 · Cited by 153 · see citing works

Conservation of Brachyury, Mef2, and Snail in the Myogenic Lineage of Jellyfish: A Connection to the Mesoderm of Bilateria

Spring, J., Yanze, N., Jösch, C., Middel, A. M., Winninger, B., & Schmid, V. (2002) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.2002.0616 · Cited by 152 · see citing works

Combined large and small subunit ribosomal RNA phylogenies support a basal position of the acoelomorph flatworms

Telford, M. J., Lockyer, A. E., Cartwright–Finch, C., & Littlewood, D. T. J. (2003) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2342 · Cited by 151 · see citing works

Spezielle Zoologie. Teil 1: Einzeller und Wirbellose Tiere

Nielsen, C. (2007) · Acta Zoologica · doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2007.00299.x · Cited by 149 · see citing works

Testing the Cambrian explosion hypothesis by using a molecular dating technique

Bromham, L., Rambaut, A., Fortey, R., Cooper, A., & Penny, D. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.21.12386 · Cited by 148 · see citing works

Monophyly of brachiopods and phoronids: reconciliation of molecular evidence with Linnaean classification (the subphylum Phoroniformea nov.)

Cohen, B. L. (2000) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.0991 · Cited by 147 · see citing works

Development of the gut and segmentation of newly settled stages ofRidgeia(Vestimentifera): implications for relationship between Vestimentifera and Pogonophora

Southward, E. C. (1988) · Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom · doi:10.1017/s0025315400043344 · Cited by 146 · see citing works

Discoidal Impressions and Trace-Like Fossils More Than 1200 Million Years Old

Rasmussen, B., Bengtson, S., Fletcher, I. R., & McNaughton, N. J. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1070166 · Cited by 145 · see citing works

Phylogenetic position of phylum Nemertini, inferred from 18S rRNA sequences: molecular data as a test of morphological character homology.

Turbeville, J. M., Field, K. G., & Raff, R. A. (1992) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040716 · Cited by 144 · see citing works

A new perspective on lower metazoan relationships from 18S rDNA sequences

Kim, J., Kim, W., & Cunningham, C. W. (1999) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026124 · Cited by 143 · see citing works

Is the Aplacophora Monophyletic? a Cladistic Point of View

Haszprunar, G. (2000) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.16051402 · Cited by 142 · see citing works

Hox clusters and bilaterian phylogeny

Balavoine, G., de Rosa, R., & Adoutte, A. (2002) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00237-3 · Cited by 142 · see citing works

Molecular systematics and phylogeography of mollusks

(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-0305 · Cited by 142 · see citing works

On the phylogeny of the Metazoa in the light of Cycliophora and Micrognathozoa.

Sørensen, M. V., Funch, P., Willerslev, E., Hansen, A. J., & Olesen, J. (2000) · Cited by 140 · see citing works

The phylogenetic affinities of the chaetognaths: a molecular analysis.

Telford, M. J., & Holland, P. W. H. (1993) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040030 · Cited by 138 · see citing works

The mitochondrial genome of Paraspadella gotoi is highly reduced and reveals that chaetognaths are a sister group to protostomes

Helfenbein, K. G., Fourcade, H. M., Vanjani, R. G., & Boore, J. L. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0400941101 · Cited by 137 · see citing works

An Early Cambrian tunicate from China

Shu, D., Chen, L., Han, J., & Zhang, X. L. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35078069 · Cited by 134 · see citing works

Animal phylogeny in the light of the trochaea theory

Nielsen, C. (1985) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1985.tb00396.x · Cited by 134 · see citing works

Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis Supports Monophyly of Ambulacraria and of Cyclostomes

Furlong, R. F., & Holland, P. W. H. (2002) · ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE · doi:10.2108/zsj.19.593 · Cited by 133 · see citing works

Molecular phylogeny of the Annelida

McHugh, D. (2000) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/z00-141 · Cited by 132 · see citing works

Gnathostomulida—An Enigmatic Metazoan Phylum from both Morphological and Molecular Perspectives

Littlewood, D. T. J., Telford, M. J., Clough, K. A., & Rohde, K. (1998) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1006/mpev.1997.0448 · Cited by 130 · see citing works

Epidermal ultrastructure of Seison nebaliae and Seison annulatus, and a comparison of epidermal structures within the Gnathifera

Ahlrichs, W. H. (1997) · Zoomorphology · doi:10.1007/s004350050028 · Cited by 130 · see citing works

18S rRNA suggests that Entoprocta are protostomes, unrelated to Ectoprocta

Mackey, L. Y., Winnepenninckx, B., Wächter, R. D., Backeljau, T., Emschermann, P., & Garey, J. R. (1996) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf02352285 · Cited by 129 · see citing works

Myzostomida Are Not Annelids: Molecular and Morphological Support for a Clade of Animals with Anterior Sperm Flagella

Zrzavý, J., Hypša, V., & Tietz, D. F. (2001) · Cladistics · doi:10.1006/clad.2000.0148 · Cited by 128 · see citing works

A cladistic analysis of Siboglinidae Caullery, 1914 (Polychaeta, Annelida): formerly the phyla Pogonophora and Vestimentifera

Rouse, G. W. (2001) · Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2001.tb02271.x · Cited by 121 · see citing works

Phylogenetic Analysis of Complete Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Coding Region of Myxidium lieberkuehni: Evidence that Myxozoa are Metazoa and Related to the Bilateria

Schlegel, M., Lom, J., Stechmann, A., Detlef Bernhard, D., Leipe, D. D., Dyková, I., & Sogin, M. L. (1996) · Archiv für Protistenkunde · doi:10.1016/s0003-9365(96)80002-9 · Cited by 119 · see citing works

Segmentation: mono- or polyphyletic?

Seaver, E. C. (2003) · The International Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1387/ijdb.14756334 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

The Trox-2 Hox/ParaHox gene of Trichoplax (Placozoa) marks an epithelial boundary

Jakob, W., Sagasser, S., Dellaporta, S. L., Holland, P. W. H., Kuhn, K., & Schierwater, B. (2004) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00427-004-0390-8 · Cited by 116 · see citing works

A tissue-specific marker of Ecdysozoa

Haase, A., Stern, M. K., Wächtler, K., & Bicker, G. (2001) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s004270100173 · Cited by 116 · see citing works

Molecular Analysis Supports a Tardigrade-Arthropod Association

Garey, J. R., Krotec, M., Nelson, D. R., & Brooks, J. (1996) · Invertebrate Biology · doi:10.2307/3226943 · Cited by 116 · see citing works

Myzostomida: a link between trochozoans and flatworms?

Eeckhaut, I., McHugh, D., Mardulyn, P., Tiedemann, R., Monteyne, D., Jangoux, M., & Milinkovitch, M. C. (2000) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1154 · Cited by 115 · see citing works

Intracellular Fate Mapping in a Basal Metazoan, the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, Reveals the Origins of Mesoderm and the Existence of Indeterminate Cell Lineages

Martindale, M. Q., & Henry, J. Q. (1999) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.1999.9427 · Cited by 112 · see citing works

Molecular Evidence that Sclerolinum brattstromi Is Closely Related to Vestimentiferans, not to Frenulate Pogonophorans (Siboglinidae, Annelida)

Halanych, K. M., Feldman, R. A., & Vrijenhoek, R. C. (2001) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.2307/1543527 · Cited by 112 · see citing works

The Comparison of β-Thymosin Homologues Among Metazoa Supports an Arthropod-Nematode Clade

Manuel, M., Kruse, M., Müller, W. E. G., & Parco, Y. L. (2000) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s002390010100 · Cited by 111 · see citing works

Placozoa Are Not Derived Cnidarians: Evidence from Molecular Morphology

Ender, A., & Schierwater, B. (2003) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msg018 · Cited by 111 · see citing works

The Radiata and the evolutionary origins of the bilaterian body plan

Martindale, M. Q., Finnerty, J. R., & Henry, J. Q. (2002) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00208-7 · Cited by 110 · see citing works

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Articulate Brachiopod Terebratalia transversa

Helfenbein, K. G., Brown, W. M., & Boore, J. L. (2001) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003961 · Cited by 109 · see citing works

Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla

Minelli, A. (2007) · Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00296.x · Cited by 107 · see citing works

Cleavage patterns and the topology of the metazoan tree of life

Valentine, J. W. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.15.8001 · Cited by 103 · see citing works

Phylogenetic Position of the Dicyemid Mesozoa Inferred from 18S rDNA Sequences

Katayama, T., Wada, H., Furuya, H., Satoh, N., & Yamamoto, M. (1995) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.2307/1542458 · Cited by 101 · see citing works

Homeobox‐containing genes in the most primitive metazoa, the sponges

Seimiya, M., ISHIGURO, H., Miura, K., WATANABE, Y., & Kurosawa, Y. (1994) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18732.x · Cited by 96 · see citing works

Origin of the Mesozoa inferred from 18S rRNA gene sequences

Pawlowski, J. W., Montoya‐Burgos, J. I., Fahrni, J. F., Wüest, J., & Zaninetti, L. (1996) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025675 · Cited by 95 · see citing works

The evolution of the Hox cluster: insights from outgroups

Finnerty, J. R., & Martindale, M. Q. (1998) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(98)80037-3 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

Testing Hypotheses of Chaetognath Origins: Long Branches Revealed by 18S Ribosomal DNA

Halanych, K. M. (1996) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/45.2.223 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

Relations of the new phylum Cycliophora

Winnepenninckx, B., Backeljau, T., & Kristensen, R. M. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/31377 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Paraphyletic Status of Polychaeta Suggested by Phylogenetic Analysis Based on the Amino Acid Sequences of Elongation Factor-1α

Kojima, S. (1998) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1006/mpev.1997.0472 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Analysis of the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the brachiopod Terebratulina retusa places Brachiopoda within the protostomes

Stechmann, A., & Schlegel, M. (1999) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0885 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Towards a phylogeny of the Metazoa: evaluating alternative phylogenetic positions of Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and Gnathostomulida, with a critical reappraisal of cladistic characters

Jenner, R. A. (2004) · Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde · doi:10.1163/18759866-0730102001 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Metameric organisation of the nervous system in developmental stages of Urechis caupo (Echiura) and its phylogenetic implications

Hessling, R. (2002) · Zoomorphology · doi:10.1007/s00435-002-0059-7 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

The phylogenetic position of Rhopalura ophiocomae (Orthonectida) based on 18S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis

Hanelt, B., Van Schyndel, D., Adema, C. M., Lewis, L. A., & Loker, E. S. (1996) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025683 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Dicyemids are higher animals

Kobayashi, M., Furuya, H., & Holland, P. W. H. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/44513 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

The Spatial and Temporal Expression of Ch-en, the engrailed Gene in the Polychaete Chaetopterus, Does Not Support a Role in Body Axis Segmentation

Seaver, E. C., Paulson, D. A., Irvine, S. Q., & Martindale, M. Q. (2001) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.2001.0309 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

The early emergence of platyhelminths is contradicted by the agreement between 18S rRNA and Hox genes data

Balavoine, G. (1997) · Comptes Rendus de l Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie · doi:10.1016/s0764-4469(99)80090-0 · Cited by 85 · see citing works

Early Metazoan Divergence Was About 830 Million Years Ago

Gu, X. (1998) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/pl00013150 · Cited by 82 · see citing works

The mitochondrial genome of phoronis architecta--Comparisons \ndemonstrate that phoronids are lophotrochozoan protostomes

Helfenbein, K. G., & Boore, J. L. (2004) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 82 · see citing works

Evidence from Hox genes that bryozoans are lophotrochozoans

Passamaneck, Y. J., & Halanych, K. M. (2004) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2004.04032.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works

Boolean logic and character state identity: pitfalls of character coding in metazoan cladistics

Jenner, R. A. (2002) · Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde · doi:10.1163/18759866-0710103006 · Cited by 82 · see citing works

Xenoturbella 's molluscan relatives

Norén, M., & Jondelius, U. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/36242 · Cited by 81 · see citing works

An Estimate of Divergence Time of Parazoa and Eumetazoa and That of Cephalochordata and Vertebrata by Aldolase and Triose Phosphate Isomerase Clocks

Nikoh, N., Iwabe, N., Kuma, K.-I., Ohno, M., Sugiyama, T., Watanabe, Y., Yasui, K., Shi-cui, Z., Hori, K., Shimura, Y., et al. (1997) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/pl00006208 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

A hox/hom homeobox gene in sponges

Degnan, B. M., Degnan, B. M., Giusti, A. F., & Morse, D. E. (1995) · Gene · doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)00908-b · Cited by 79 · see citing works

Homeobox Gene Diversification in the Calcareous Sponge, Sycon raphanus

Manuel, M., & Parco, Y. L. (2000) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1006/mpev.2000.0822 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

The Essential Role of “Minor” Phyla in Molecular Studies of Animal Evolution

Garey, J. R., & Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (1998) · American Zoologist · doi:10.1093/icb/38.6.907 · Cited by 77 · see citing works

Orphan Worm Finds a Home: Buddenbrockia is a Myxozoan

Monteiro, A. S., Okamura, B., & Holland, P. W. H. (2002) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004155 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Towards understanding the phylogenetic history of Hydrozoa: Hypothesis testing with 18S gene sequence data

Collins, A. G. (2000) · Scientia Marina · doi:10.3989/scimar.2000.64s15 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

Ecdysozoa: The Relationship between Cycloneuralia and Panarthropoda

Garey, J. R. (2001) · Zoologischer Anzeiger · doi:10.1078/0044-5231-00039 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

Homeobox genes in the ribbonworm Lineus sanguineus : Evolutionary implications

Kmita, M., Loosli, F., Bièrne, J., & Gehring, W. J. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.6.3030 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

VI—Caradocian Cystidea from Girvan

Bather, F. A. (1913) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh · doi:10.1017/s0080456800003999 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

Unsegmented Annelids? Possible Origins of Four Lophotrochozoan Worm Taxa

Halanych, K. M. (2002) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/42.3.678 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Evolutionary aspects of developmentally regulated helix-loop-helix transcription factors in striated muscle of jellyfish

Müller, P., Seipel, K., Yanze, N., Reber-Müller, S., Streitwolf-Engel, R., Stierwald, M., Spring, J. Ü., & Schmid, V. (2003) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/s0012-1606(02)00091-x · Cited by 69 · see citing works

A contribution to sedentary polychaete phylogeny using 18S rRNA sequence data

Bleidorn, C., Vogt, L., & Bartolomaeus, T. (2003) · Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research · doi:10.1046/j.1439-0469.2003.00212.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Convergence in the Feeding Apparatuses of Lophophorates and Pterobranch Hemichordates Revealed by 18S rDNA: An Interpretation

Halanych, K. M. (1996) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.2307/1542669 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Bilaterian Phylogeny Based on Analyses of a Region of the Sodium–Potassium ATPase β-Subunit Gene

Anderson, F. E., Córdoba, A. J., & Thollesson, M. (2004) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-003-2548-9 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Examination of intrafascicular muscle fiber terminations: Implications for tension delivery in series-fibered muscles

Young, M., Paul, A. C., Rodda, J., Duxson, M. J., & Sheard, P. W. (2000) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/1097-4687(200008)245:2 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

THE AGE AND RELATIONSHIPS OF THE MAJOR ANIMAL PHYLA

Lynch, M. (1999) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb03768.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Proposing a solution to the Articulata–Ecdysozoa controversy

Nielsen, C. (2003) · Zoologica Scripta · doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00122.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works

The multimeric β‐thymosin found in nematodes and arthropods is not a synapomorphy of the Ecdysozoa

Telford, M. J. (2004) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2004.04013.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Identification of planarian homeobox sequences indicates the antiquity of most Hox/homeotic gene subclasses.

Balavoine, G., & Telford, M. J. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.16.7227 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Elongation Factor 1-Alpha Sequences Do Not Support an Early Divergence of the Acoela

Berney, C., Pawlowski, J., & Zaninetti, L. (2000) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026384 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Ultrastructure of the introvert and associated structures of the larvae of Halicryptus spinulosus (Priapulida)

Lemburg, C. (1995) · Zoomorphology · doi:10.1007/bf00397931 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Molecular phylogeny of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) inferred from 18S rDNA sequences: support for a Scaphopoda–Cephalopoda clade

Steiner, G., & Dreyer, H. (2003) · Zoologica Scripta · doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00121.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works

One or Three Cambrian Radiations?

Balavoine, G., & Adoutte, A. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.280.5362.397 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Elongation Factor 1-Alpha Sequences Alone Do Not Assist in Resolving the Position of the Acoela Within the Metazoa

Littlewood, D. T. J., Olson, P. D., Telford, M. J., Herniou, E. A., & Riutort, M. (2001) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003821 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Soil-dwelling polychaetes: enigmatic as ever? Some hints on their phylogenetic relationships as suggested by a maximum parsimony analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences

Rota, E., Martin, P., & Erséus, C. (2001) · Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde · doi:10.1163/18759866-07003001 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Progenesis in Eunicida (“Polychaeta,” Annelida)—separate evolutionary events? Evidence from molecular data

Struck, T. H., Westheide, W., & Purschke, G. (2002) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00231-2 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Japan's researchers could face more red tape

Kobayashi, K. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43273 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Arthropod and annelid relationships re-examined

Eernisse, D. J. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4904-4_5 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Larval development of Myzostoma cirriferum (Myzostomida)

Eeckhaut, I., Fiévez, L., & Müller, M. C. M. (2003) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.10160 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

Distinct expression patterns of the two T-box homologues Brachyury and Tbx2/3 in the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens

Martinelli, C., & Spring, J. (2003) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00427-003-0353-5 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

On the classification and evolution of the Ctenophora

Harbison, G. R. (1985) · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Sipunculan ParaHox genes

Ferrier, D. E. K., & Holland, P. W. H. (2001) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2001.003004263.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works

The evolution of multicellularity and early animal genomes

Brooke, N. M., & Holland, P. W. (2003) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2003.09.002 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

The nervous system ofNectonema munidae andGordius aquaticus, with implications for the ground pattern of the Nematomorpha

Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (1996) · Zoomorphology · doi:10.1007/bf02526945 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Metamorphosis of calcareous sponges I. Ultrastructure of free-swimming larvae

Amano, S., & Hori, I. (1992) · Invertebrate Reproduction & Development · doi:10.1080/07924259.1992.9672223 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

The Origin of Mesoderm in Phoronids

Freeman, G., & Martindale, M. Q. (2002) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.2002.0854 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Hox gene survey in the chaetognath Spadella cephaloptera: evolutionary implications

Papillon, D., Perez, Y., Fasano, L., Parco, Y. L., & Caubit, X. (2003) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00427-003-0306-z · Cited by 41 · see citing works

6 Homeoboxes in Sea Anemones and Other Nonbilaterian Animals: Implications for the Evolution of the Hox Cluster and the Zootype

Finnerty, J. R. (1998) · Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/s0070-2153(08)60368-3 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Phylogeny of Nematoda and Cephalorhyncha Derived from 18S rDNA

Aleoshin, V. V., Milyutina, I. A., Kedrova, O. S., Vladychenskaya, N. S., & Petrov, N. B. (1998) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/pl00006416 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

A Brief Review of Metazoan Phylogeny and Future Prospects in Hox-Research

Halanych, K. M., & Passamaneck, Y. J. (2001) · American Zoologist · doi:10.1668/0003-1569(2001)041[0629:abromp]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

Metazoan evolution–a new model

Bergström, J. (1986) · Zoologica Scripta · doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1986.tb00222.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Molecular Data Indicate the Protostome Affinity of Brachiopods

de Rosa, R. (2001) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/106351501753462830 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Cephalorhyncha, a new animal phylum uniting Priapulida, Kinorhyncha and Gordiacea, and the classification of Aschelminthes.

Malakhov, V. V. (1980) · Зоологический журнал · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Animal Phylogeny: Back to the Coelomata?

Telford, M. J. (2004) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.03.022 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

A Polychaete hunchback Ortholog

Werbrock, A. H., Meiklejohn, D. A., Sainz, A., Iwasa, J., & Savage, R. M. (2001) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.2001.0272 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

The History of Animals

Eernisse, D. J., & Peterson, K. J. (2004) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195172348.003.0014 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Metazoan phylogeny as a tool in evolutionary biology: current problems and discrepancies in application

Jenner, R. A. (1999) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · Cited by 13 · see citing works

[Molecular evidence of regression in evolution of metazoa].

Алешин, В. В., & Petrov, N. B. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Anuran postnasal wall homology: An experimental extirpation study

Reiss, J. O. (1998) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4687(199812)238:3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Evaluating Evidence of Ancient Animals

Rai, V., & Gautam, R. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5418.1235a · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life

Dunn, C. W., Hejnol, A., Matus, D. Q., Pang, K., Browne, W. E., Smith, S. A., Seaver, E., Rouse, G. W., Obst, M., Edgecombe, G. D., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06614 · Cited by 1,921 · see citing works

Toward Automatic Reconstruction of a Highly Resolved Tree of Life

Ciccarelli, F. D., Doerks, T., von Mering, C., Creevey, C. J., Snel, B., & Bork, P. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1123061 · Cited by 1,663 · see citing works

Sponge-Associated Microorganisms: Evolution, Ecology, and Biotechnological Potential

Taylor, M. W., Radax, R., Steger, D., & Wagner, M. (2007) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.00040-06 · Cited by 1,463 · see citing works

The Cambrian Conundrum: Early Divergence and Later Ecological Success in the Early History of Animals

Erwin, D. H., Laflamme, M., Tweedt, S. M., Sperling, E. A., Pisani, D., & Peterson, K. J. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1206375 · Cited by 1,336 · see citing works

Phylogenomics and the reconstruction of the tree of life

Delsuc, F., Brinkmann, H., & Philippe, H. (2005) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg1603 · Cited by 1,228 · see citing works

The Schistosoma japonicum genome reveals features of host–parasite interplay

Zhou, Y., Zheng, H., Chen, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, K., Guo, J., Huang, Z., Zhang, B., Huang, W., Liu, F., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08140 · Cited by 658 · see citing works

A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms

Ruggiero, M. A., Gordon, D. P. ‏., Orrell, T. M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R. C., Cavalier‐Smith, T., Guiry, M. D., & Kirk, P. M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248 · Cited by 597 · see citing works

The deep evolution of metazoan microRNAs

Wheeler, B. M., Heimberg, A. M., Moy, V. N., Sperling, E. A., Holstein, T. W., Heber, S., & Peterson, K. J. (2009) · Evolution &amp; Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2008.00302.x · Cited by 473 · see citing works

Evolution of animal regeneration: re-emergence of a field

Bely, A. E., & Nyberg, K. G. (2009) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2009.08.005 · Cited by 514 · see citing works

Explaining the Cambrian "Explosion" of Animals

Marshall, C. R. (2006) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.33.031504.103001 · Cited by 506 · see citing works

Animal phylogeny and its evolutionary implications

Dunn, C. W., Giribet, G., Edgecombe, G. D., & Hejnol, A. (2014) · Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091627 · Cited by 401 · see citing works

Animal Evolution and the Molecular Signature of Radiations Compressed in Time

Rokas, A., Krüger, D., & Carroll, S. B. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1116759 · Cited by 371 · see citing works

Origin of the Eumetazoa: Testing ecological predictions of molecular clocks against the Proterozoic fossil record

Peterson, K. J., & Butterfield, N. J. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0503660102 · Cited by 361 · see citing works

Impact of missing data on phylogenies inferred from empirical phylogenomic data sets

Roure, B., Baurain, D., & Philippe, H. (2013) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/mss208 · Cited by 365 · see citing works

Annelid phylogeny and the status of Sipuncula and Echiura

Struck, T. H., Schult, N., Kusen, T., Hickman, E., Bleidorn, C., McHugh, D., & Halanych, K. M. (2007) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-57 · Cited by 342 · see citing works

The Causes Of Species Richness Patterns Across Space, Time, And Clades And The Role Of “Ecological Limits”

Wiens, J. J. (2011) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/659883 · Cited by 331 · see citing works

Early evolution of animal cell signaling and adhesion genes

Nichols, S., Dirks, W., Pearse, J. S., & King, N. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0604065103 · Cited by 327 · see citing works

Neuronal Transcriptome of Aplysia: Neuronal Compartments and Circuitry

Moroz, L. L., Edwards, J. R., Puthanveettil, S. V., Kohn, A. B., Ha, T. J., Heyland, A., Knudsen, B., Sahni, A., Yu, F., Liu, L., et al. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.052 · Cited by 323 · see citing works

Slow Mitochondrial COI Sequence Evolution at the Base of the Metazoan Tree and Its Implications for DNA Barcoding

Huang, D., Meier, R., Todd, P. A., & Chou, L. M. (2008) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-008-9069-5 · Cited by 321 · see citing works

The Protistan Origins of Animals and Fungi

Steenkamp, E. T., Wright, J., & Baldauf, S. L. (2005) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msj011 · Cited by 307 · see citing works

Higher-level metazoan relationships: recent progress and remaining questions

Edgecombe, G. D., Giribet, G., Dunn, C. W., Hejnol, A., Kristensen, R. M., Neves, R. C., Rouse, G. W., Worsaae, K., & Sørensen, M. V. (2011) · Organisms Diversity & Evolution · doi:10.1007/s13127-011-0044-4 · Cited by 291 · see citing works

Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history

Benton, M., Donoghue, P., Vinther, J., Asher, R., Friedman, M., & Near, T. (2015) · Palaeontologia Electronica · doi:10.26879/424 · Cited by 284 · see citing works

The Evolution of Organ Systems

Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.001.0001 · Cited by 262 · see citing works

Wnt and TGF-β Expression in the Sponge Amphimedon queenslandica and the Origin of Metazoan Embryonic Patterning

Adamska, M., Degnan, S. M., Green, K. M., Adamski, M., Craigie, A., Larroux, C., & Degnan, B. M. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001031 · Cited by 257 · see citing works

A genome-wide analysis of biomineralization-related proteins in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Livingston, B. T., Killian, C. E., Wilt, F., Cameron, A., Landrum, M. J., Ermolaeva, O., Sapojnikov, V., Maglott, D. R., Buchanan, A. M., & Ettensohn, C. A. (2006) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.07.047 · Cited by 243 · see citing works

A comprehensive analysis of bilaterian mitochondrial genomes and phylogeny

Bernt, M., Bleidorn, C., Braband, A., Dambach, J., Donath, A., Fritzsch, G., Golombek, A., Hadrys, H., Jühling, F., Meusemann, K., et al. (2013) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.002 · Cited by 239 · see citing works

Additional molecular support for the new chordate phylogeny

Delsuc, F., Tsagkogeorga, G., Lartillot, N., & Philippe, H. (2008) · genesis · doi:10.1002/dvg.20450 · Cited by 231 · see citing works

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Digestion

Terra, W. R., & Ferreira, C. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384747-8.10011-x · Cited by 224 · see citing works

On the Independent Origins of Complex Brains and Neurons

Moroz, L. L. (2009) · Brain, Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000258665 · Cited by 209 · see citing works

Chronology of early Cambrian biomineralization

KOUCHINSKY, A., BENGTSON, S., RUNNEGAR, B., SKOVSTED, C., STEINER, M., & VENDRASCO, M. (2012) · Geological Magazine · doi:10.1017/s0016756811000720 · Cited by 224 · see citing works

Added resolution among ordinal level relationships of tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) with complete small and large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA genes

Waeschenbach, A., Webster, B. L., Bray, R. A., & Littlewood, D. T. J. (2007) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.03.019 · Cited by 214 · see citing works

Contributions of larval biology to crustacean research: a review

Anger, K. (2006) · Invertebrate Reproduction & Development · doi:10.1080/07924259.2006.9652207 · Cited by 211 · see citing works

Phylogenomics of Lophotrochozoa with Consideration of Systematic Error

Kocot, K. M., Struck, T. H., Merkel, J., Waits, D. S., Todt, C., Brannock, P. M., Weese, D., Cannon, J. T., Moroz, L. L., Lieb, B., et al. (2016) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/syw079 · Cited by 204 · see citing works

Poriferan paraphyly and its implications for Precambrian palaeobiology

Sperling, E. A., Pisani, D., & Peterson, K. J. (2007) · Geological Society, London, Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp286.25 · Cited by 206 · see citing works

Does the skull carry a phylogenetic signal? Evolution and modularity in the guenons

Cardini, A., & Elton, S. (2008) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01011.x · Cited by 201 · see citing works

Giving the early fossil record of sponges a squeeze

Antcliffe, J. B., Callow, R. H. T., & Brasier, M. D. (2014) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1111/brv.12090 · Cited by 192 · see citing works

The origins of multicellular organisms

Niklas, K. J., & Newman, S. A. (2013) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/ede.12013 · Cited by 184 · see citing works

Platyzoan Paraphyly Based on Phylogenomic Data Supports a Noncoelomate Ancestry of Spiralia

Struck, T. H., Wey-Fabrizius, A. R., Golombek, A., Hering, L., Weigert, A., Bleidorn, C., Klebow, S., Iakovenko, N., Hausdorf, B., Petersen, M., et al. (2014) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msu143 · Cited by 177 · see citing works

Distribution of segment regeneration ability in the Annelida

Bely, A. E. (2006) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icj051 · Cited by 177 · see citing works

Improvement of molecular phylogenetic inference and the phylogeny of Bilateria

Lartillot, N., & Philippe, H. (2008) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2236 · Cited by 178 · see citing works

Large-scale sequencing and the new animal phylogeny

Philippe, H., & Telford, M. J. (2006) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.08.004 · Cited by 177 · see citing works

Buddenbrockia Is a Cnidarian Worm

Jiménez-Guri, E., Philippe, H., Okamura, B., & Holland, P. W. H. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1142024 · Cited by 175 · see citing works

Evolution of striated muscle: Jellyfish and the origin of triploblasty

Seipel, K., & Schmid, V. (2005) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.03.032 · Cited by 172 · see citing works

Lophotrochozoan phylogeny assessed with LSU and SSU data: Evidence of lophophorate polyphyly

Passamaneck, Y. J., & Halanych, K. M. (2006) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.001 · Cited by 169 · see citing works

Gulf of Mexico origin, waters, and biota

Tunnell, J. W., Felder, D. L., Earle, S. A., & Camp, D. K. (2009) · Cited by 168 · see citing works

Lack of Resolution in the Animal Phylogeny: Closely Spaced Cladogeneses or Undetected Systematic Errors?

Baurain, D., Brinkmann, H., & Philippe, H. (2006) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msl137 · Cited by 168 · see citing works

Distinguishing heat from light in debate over controversial fossils

Donoghue, P. C. J., & Purnell, M. A. (2009) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.200800128 · Cited by 160 · see citing works

Amphioxus and tunicates as evolutionary model systems

Schubert, M., Escrivá, H., Xavier‐Neto, J., & Laudet, V. (2006) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.01.009 · Cited by 161 · see citing works

Deep-sea sponge grounds enhance diversity and abundance of epibenthic megafauna in the Northwest Atlantic

Beazley, L. I., Kenchington, E., Murillo, F. J., & Sacau-Cuadrado, M. M. (2013) · ICES Journal of Marine Science · doi:10.1093/icesjms/fst124 · Cited by 153 · see citing works

Phylogeny of the "Forgotten" Cellular Slime Mold, Fonticula alba, Reveals a Key Evolutionary Branch within Opisthokonta

Brown, M. W., Spiegel, F. W., & Silberman, J. D. (2009) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msp185 · Cited by 149 · see citing works

A common origin of complex life cycles in parasitic flatworms: evidence from the complete mitochondrial genome of Microcotyle sebastis (Monogenea: Platyhelminthes).

Park, J., Kim, K.-H., Kang, S., Kim, W. K., Eom, K. S., & Littlewood, D. T. J. (2007) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-11 · Cited by 149 · see citing works

Acoel Flatworms Are Not Platyhelminthes: Evidence from Phylogenomics

Philippe, H., Brinkmann, H., Martı́nez, P., Riutort, M., & Baguñà, J. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000717 · Cited by 148 · see citing works

Poriferan mtDNA and Animal Phylogeny Based on Mitochondrial Gene Arrangements

Lavrov, D. V., & Lang, B. F. (2005) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150500221044 · Cited by 147 · see citing works

Phylogeny and evolution of glass sponges (Porifera, Hexactinellida)

Dohrmann, M., Janussen, D., Reitner, J., Collins, A. G., & Wörheide, G. (2008) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150802161088 · Cited by 143 · see citing works

Phylum Tardigrada: an “individual” approach

Sands, C. J., McInnes, S. J., Marley, N. J., Goodall-Copestake, W. P., Convey, P., & Linse, K. (2008) · Cladistics · doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00219.x · Cited by 144 · see citing works

Cambrian explosion: Birth of tree of animals

Shu, D. (2008) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2007.08.004 · Cited by 143 · see citing works

Lophotrochozoa internal phylogeny: new insights from an up-to-date analysis of nuclear ribosomal genes

Paps, J., Baguñà, J., & Riutort, M. (2009) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1574 · Cited by 138 · see citing works

Broad taxon and gene sampling indicate that chaetognaths are protostomes

Matus, D. Q., Copley, R. R., Dunn, C. W., Hejnol, A., Eccleston, H., Halanych, K. M., Martindale, M. Q., & Telford, M. J. (2006) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.017 · Cited by 138 · see citing works

Phylogenetic analysis of 73 060 taxa corroborates major eukaryotic groups

Goloboff, P. A., Catalano, S. A., Mirande, J. M., Szumik, C., Arias, J. S., Källersjö, M., & Farris, J. S. (2009) · Cladistics · doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00255.x · Cited by 136 · see citing works

Assembling the lophotrochozoan (=spiralian) tree of life

Giribet, G. (2008) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2241 · Cited by 138 · see citing works

Testing the new animal phylogeny: A phylum level molecular analysis of the animal kingdom

Bourlat, S. J., Nielsen, C., Economou, A. D., & Telford, M. J. (2008) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.008 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

The mechanisms of codon reassignments in mitochondrial genetic codes

Sengupta, S., Yang, X., & Higgs, P. G. (2007) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-006-0284-7 · Cited by 121 · see citing works

The evolutionary origins of glia

Hartline, D. K. (2011) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.21149 · Cited by 124 · see citing works

Widespread patterns of gene loss in the evolution of the animal kingdom

Guijarro-Clarke, C., Holland, P. W. H., & Paps, J. (2020) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-020-1129-2 · Cited by 122 · see citing works

Phylogenomic analyses of lophophorates (brachiopods, phoronids and bryozoans) confirm the Lophotrochozoa concept

Helmkampf, M., Bruchhaus, I., & Hausdorf, B. (2008) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0372 · Cited by 122 · see citing works

Nodal signaling and the evolution of deuterostome gastrulation

Chea, H. K., Wright, C. V. E., & Swalla, B. J. (2005) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/dvdy.20549 · Cited by 119 · see citing works

The Relationship Between the Rate of Molecular Evolution and the Rate of Genome Rearrangement in Animal Mitochondrial Genomes

Xu, W., Jameson, D., Tang, B., & Higgs, P. (2006) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-005-0246-5 · Cited by 117 · see citing works

Man is but a worm: Chordate origins

Brown, F. D., Prendergast, A. E., & Swalla, B. J. (2008) · genesis · doi:10.1002/dvg.20471 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

Early evolution of symmetry and polarity in metazoan body plans

Manuel, M. (2008) · Comptes Rendus Biologies · doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2008.07.009 · Cited by 123 · see citing works

A Twist in Time--The Evolution of Spiral Cleavage in the Light of Animal Phylogeny

Hejnol, A. (2010) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icq103 · Cited by 117 · see citing works

Evolution of Sexual Reproduction in Marine Invertebrates

Ostrovsky, A. N. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7146-8 · Cited by 111 · see citing works

Spiralian Phylogenomics Supports the Resurrection of Bryozoa Comprising Ectoprocta and Entoprocta

Hausdorf, B., Helmkampf, M., Meyer, A., Witek, A., Herlyn, H., Bruchhaus, I., Hankeln, T., Struck, T. H., & Lieb, B. (2007) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msm214 · Cited by 110 · see citing works

Embracing the comparative approach: how robust phylogenies and broader developmental sampling impacts the understanding of nervous system evolution

Hejnol, A., & Lowe, C. J. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0045 · Cited by 109 · see citing works

Developmental Patterns in Spiralian Embryos

Lambert, J. D. (2010) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.041 · Cited by 109 · see citing works

Are palaeoscolecids ancestral ecdysozoans?

Harvey, T. H. P., Dong, X., & Donoghue, P. C. J. (2010) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2010.00403.x · Cited by 109 · see citing works

Cestode genomics – progress and prospects for advancing basic and applied aspects of flatworm biology

Olson, P. D., Zarowiecki, M., KISS, F., & Brehm, K. (2011) · Parasite Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01319.x · Cited by 108 · see citing works

Fast evolving 18S rRNA sequences from Solenogastres (Mollusca) resist standard PCR amplification and give new insights into mollusk substitution rate heterogeneity

Meyer, A., Todt, C., Mikkelsen, N. T., & Lieb, B. (2010) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-70 · Cited by 108 · see citing works

Back in time: a new systematic proposal for the Bilateria

Baguñà, J., Martinez, P., Paps, J., & Riutort, M. (2008) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2238 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

The telomere repeat motif of basal Metazoa

Traut, W., Szczepanowski, M., Zrzavá, M., Opitz, C., Marec, F., & Zrzavý, J. (2007) · Chromosome Research · doi:10.1007/s10577-007-1132-3 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Phylogenetic distribution of microRNAs supports the basal position of acoel flatworms and the polyphyly of Platyhelminthes

Sempere, L. F., Martinez, P., Cole, C., Baguñà, J., & Peterson, K. J. (2007) · Evolution &amp; Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2007.00180.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works

Segmental expression of Pax3/7 and Engrailed homologs in tardigrade development

Gabriel, W. N., & Goldstein, B. (2007) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00427-007-0152-5 · Cited by 103 · see citing works

Polychaete nervous systems: Ground pattern and variations--cLS microscopy and the importance of novel characteristics in phylogenetic analysis

Muller, M. C. M. (2006) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icj017 · Cited by 102 · see citing works

Mitochondrial Genome and Nuclear Sequence Data Support Myzostomida As Part of the Annelid Radiation

Bleidorn, C., Eeckhaut, I., Podsiadłowski, L., Schult, N., McHugh, D., Halanych, K. M., Milinkovitch, M. C., & Tiedemann, R. (2007) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msm086 · Cited by 101 · see citing works

Model Systems of Invertebrate Allorecognition

Rosengarten, R. D., & Nicotra, M. L. (2011) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.11.061 · Cited by 101 · see citing works

Photoreceptor cells and eyes in Annelida

Purschke, G., Arendt, D., Hausen, H., & Müller, M. C. M. (2006) · Arthropod Structure & Development · doi:10.1016/j.asd.2006.07.005 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

Muscle formation during embryogenesis of the polychaete Ophryotrocha diadema (Dorvilleidae) – new insights into annelid muscle patterns

Bergter, A., Brubacher, J. L., & Paululat, A. (2008) · Frontiers in Zoology · doi:10.1186/1742-9994-5-1 · Cited by 99 · see citing works

Radial Symmetry, the Anterior/Posterior Axis, and Echinoderm Hox Genes

Mooi, R., & David, B. (2008) · Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173521 · Cited by 96 · see citing works

Moving towards a complete molecular framework of the Nematoda: a focus on the Enoplida and early-branching clades

Bik, H. M., Lambshead, P. J. D., Thomas, W. K., & Lunt, D. H. (2010) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-353 · Cited by 95 · see citing works

Bilaterian Phylogeny: A Broad Sampling of 13 Nuclear Genes Provides a New Lophotrochozoa Phylogeny and Supports a Paraphyletic Basal Acoelomorpha

Paps, J., Baguñà, J., & Riutort, M. (2009) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msp150 · Cited by 95 · see citing works

Segmentation, metamerism and the Cambrian explosion

Couso, J. P. (2009) · The International Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1387/ijdb.072425jc · Cited by 95 · see citing works

Molecular evolution of Phox-related regulatory subunits for NADPH oxidase enzymes

Kawahara, T., & Lambeth, J. D. (2007) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-178 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

MOLECULAR PALAEOBIOLOGY

PETERSON, K. J., SUMMONS, R. E., & DONOGHUE, P. C. J. (2007) · Palaeontology · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00692.x · Cited by 93 · see citing works

Evolution of body wall musculature

Purschke, G. (2006) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icj053 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

Surprising complexity of the ancestral apoptosis network

Zmasek, C. M., Zhang, Q., Ye, Y., & Godzik, A. (2007) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-10-r226 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Multigene analysis of lophophorate and chaetognath phylogenetic relationships

Helmkampf, M., Bruchhaus, I., & Hausdorf, B. (2007) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.09.004 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Lophotrochozoan mitochondrial genomes

Vallès, Y. (2006) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icj056 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Arthropod phylogeny revisited, with a focus on crustacean relationships

Koenemann, S., Jenner, R. A., Hoenemann, M., Stemme, T., & von Reumont, B. M. (2009) · Arthropod Structure & Development · doi:10.1016/j.asd.2009.10.003 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Anatomy of the serotonergic nervous system of an entoproct creeping‐type larva and its phylogenetic implications

Wanninger, A., Fuchs, J., & Haszprunar, G. (2007) · Invertebrate Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00097.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Molecular phylogeny of hemichordata, with updated status of deep-sea enteropneusts

Cannon, J. T., Rychel, A. L., Eccleston, H., Halanych, K. M., & Swalla, B. J. (2009) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.03.027 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Evolution of sensory structures in basal metazoa

Jacobs, D. K., Nakanishi, N., Yuan, D., Camara, A., Nichols, S., & Hartenstein, V. (2007) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icm094 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Testing the new animal phylogeny: A phylum level molecular analysis of the animal kingdom

Bourlat, S. J., Nielsen, C., Economou, A. D., & Telford, M. J. (2008) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.008 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Bilaterian Phylogeny: A Broad Sampling of 13 Nuclear Genes Provides a New Lophotrochozoa Phylogeny and Supports a Paraphyletic Basal Acoelomorpha

Paps, J., Baguñà, J., & Riutort, M. (2009) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msp150 · Cited by 95 · see citing works

A modern look at the Animal Tree of Life*

Giribet, G., Dunn, C. W., Edgecombe, G. D., & Rouse, G. W. (2007) · Zootaxa · doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.8 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

The entangled phylogeny of the Bilateria

Minelli, A. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566205.003.0005

Inferring the phylogeny of problematic metazoan taxa using mitogenomic and phylogenomic data

Golombek, A. (2019) · osnaDocs (Osnabrück University)