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Cited by 798Social and Intergroup PsychologyLGBTQ Health, Identity, and PolicyNames, Identity, and Discrimination Research

Durably reducing transphobia: A field experiment on door-to-door canvassing

Open access
Broockman, David, Kalla, Joshua·2016·Science
DOI 10.1126/science.aad9713
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Abstract

Not just turnout, but turnaround matters: In the last several U.S. presidential elections, the campaign mantra has focused on making sure that voters already aligned with one's candidate do get out to vote. There is a long history of unsuccessful efforts to change people's attitudes. Nevertheless, Broockman and Kalla conducted a field experiment showing that Miami voters shifted their attitudes toward transgender individuals and maintained those changed positions for 3 months (see the Perspective by Paluck). Science , this issue p. 220 ; see also p. 147

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.aad9713

Cites

45 of 45 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Narratives about marginalized groups, such as struggle-oriented stories about immigrants, can counteract system justification tendencies that might otherwise discount or disparage immigrants' experiences.

    “narratives about marginalized groups, such as struggle-oriented stories about immigrants, can counteract system justification tendencies that might otherwise discount or disparage immigrants’ experiences293–295.”

    From Cognitive–motivational mechanisms of political polarization in social-communicative contexts (2022) · cites this paper as [293]

    The intervention description (page unavailable) says canvassers used voters’ own experiences of being judged to encourage perspective-taking, and the paper reports reduced prejudice toward transgender people. The discussion says whether the findings extend to other outgroups remains open. The paper does not establish an effect of immigrant struggle narratives or show that the intervention counteracts system justification tendencies. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Positive interpersonal contact can have a powerful effect on attitudes, even in the case of a single brief interaction.

    “positive interpersonal contact can have a powerful effect on attitudes (23–25), even in the case of a single brief interaction (26).”

    From A field experiment on community policing and police legitimacy (2019) · cites this paper as [26]

  • These changes were present for Democratic and Republican voters and conversations were effective with both transgender and non-transgender canvassers.

    “Importantly, these changes were present for Democratic and Republican voters and conversations were effective with both transgender and non-transgender canvassers.”

    From Reducing Racial Inequities in Health: Using What We Already Know to Take Action (2019) · cites this paper as [133]

  • In that study, the intervention led to substantial reductions in prejudice against transgender people and increases in support for a law that would protect transgender individuals from discrimination.

    “The study found that this intervention led to substantial reductions in prejudice against transgender people and increases in support for a law that would protect transgender individuals from discrimination.”

    From Reducing Racial Inequities in Health: Using What We Already Know to Take Action (2019) · cites this paper as [133]

  • The effects were still evident three months after the intervention.

    “Moreover, the effects were still evident three months after the intervention.”

    From Reducing Racial Inequities in Health: Using What We Already Know to Take Action (2019) · cites this paper as [133]

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Cites

2 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. G. S. Wig et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 18555-18560 (2008).
  2. T. E. Behrens, H. Johansen-Berg, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 360, 903-911 (2005).
  3. S. M. Smith et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 13040-13045 (2009).
  4. American Psychological Association, Declaration for the UN World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia, and Related Intolerance (2001; www.apa.org/pi/ oema/programs/racism/apa-delegation-report.pdf).
  5. R. D. Enos, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111, 3699-3704 (2014).
  6. E. L. Paluck et al., PLOS ONE 10, e0138610 (2015).
  7. S. W. Cook, in Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, W. J. Arnold, D. Levine, Eds. (Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1969), pp. 179-236.
  8. R. E. Petty, C. P. Haugtvedt, S. M. Smith, in Attitude Strength: Antecedents and Consequences, R. E. Petty, J. A. Krosnick, Eds. (Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, 1995), pp. 93-130.
  9. M. McNutt, Science 348, 1100 (2015).

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Authors
Broockman, D., & Kalla, J.
Affiliations
  • Stanford University (US)
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author
Broockman, David
ORCID
Venue
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
2016-04-08
Volume
352
Issue
6282
Pages
220-224
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
DOI
10.1126/science.aad9713
OpenAlex
W2323368791
Cited by
798
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 63 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 143 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 1
FWCI
251.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Gill Foundation
  • National Science Foundation
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research
Keywords
transphobia, prejudice reduction, perspective taking, door-to-door canvassing, homophobia, voter attitudes, counterargument, intervention durability, South Florida
MeSH terms
Female, Florida, Humans, Male, Politics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Random Allocation, Transgender Persons, Homophobia

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