A Framework for the Study of Persuasion
Open accessAbstract
Persuasion is a vital part of politics—who wins elections and policy disputes often depends on which side can persuade more people. Given this centrality, the study of persuasion has a long history with an enormous number of theories and empirical inquiries. However, the literature is fragmented, with few generalizable findings. I unify previously disparate dimensions of this topic by presenting a framework focusing on actors (speakers and receivers), treatments (topics, content, media), outcomes (attitudes, behaviors, emotions, identities), and settings (competition, space, time, process, culture). This Generalizing Persuasion (GP) Framework organizes distinct findings and offers researchers a structure in which to situate their work. I conclude with a discussion of the normative implications of persuasion.
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Ideological and issue polarization, partisan alignment, and affective polarization depend on who, what and how, that is, the source of communication, the particulars of the message and the channel or platform of transmission.
“ideological and issue polarization, partisan alignment, and affective polarization (like all other outcomes of social influence) depend on who, what and how, that is, the source of communication, the particulars of the message and the channel or platform of transmission20,188–190.”
From Cognitive–motivational mechanisms of political polarization in social-communicative contexts (2022) · cites this paper as [190]
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Pedersen, R. T., & Hansen, P. (2025) · Political Studies · doi:10.1177/00323217251382336
Muir, K., Dewdney, N., Walker, F., & Joinson, A. (2025) · Social Influence · doi:10.1080/15534510.2025.2590842
Rovelli, K., & Balconi, M. (2025) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2025.2607065
Factores de credibilidad en la comunicación del profesorado
Ros, A. V., Martín-Vicario, L., Ibáñez, D. G., & Díaz, J. B. (2025) · EDU REVIEW International Education and Learning Review / Revista Internacional de Educación y Aprendizaje · doi:10.62701/revedu.v13.5469
- Authors
- Druckman, J. N.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Druckman, James N.
- ORCID
- Druckman, James N.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Political Science
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2022-05-12
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 65-88
- ISSN
- 1094-2939 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-1577
- OpenAlex
- W3207801199
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 161
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 6
- FWCI
- 35.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Political Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Rhetoric and Communication Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychology of Social Influence
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Keywords
- persuasion, political communication, attitudes, political behavior, emotions, political identity, media influence, political campaigns, policy conflict
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