Perspective-taking: Decreasing stereotype expression, stereotype accessibility, and in-group favoritism.
Abstract
Using 3 experiments, the authors explored the role of perspective-taking in debiasing social thought. In the 1st 2 experiments, perspective-taking was contrasted with stereotype suppression as a possible strategy for achieving stereotype control. In Experiment 1, perspective-taking decreased stereotypic biases on both a conscious and a nonconscious task. In Experiment 2, perspective-taking led to both decreased stereotyping and increased overlap between representations of the self and representations of the elderly, suggesting activation and application of the self-concept in judgments of the elderly. In Experiment 3, perspective-taking reduced evidence of in-group bias in the minimal group paradigm by increasing evaluations of the out-group. The role of self-other overlap in producing prosocial outcomes and the separation of the conscious, explicit effects from the nonconscious, implicit effects of perspective-taking are discussed.
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Whites resist external controls on racial prejudice.
“Studies of bias control confirm the general principle: whites resist external controls on racial prejudice (Galinsky and Moskowitz, 2000;Plant and Devine, 2001).”
From Are Diversity Programs Merely Ceremonial? Evidence-Free Institutionalization (2017) · cites this paper as Galinsky and Moskowitz, 2000
Controlled laboratory studies instructing subjects to adopt a perspective associated with another person and his or her situation have been shown to reduce bias toward a range of stigmatized groups, including Blacks, and to inhibit the activation of unconscious stereotypes and prejudices.
“Controlled laboratory studies instructing subjects to adopt a perspective associated with another person and his or her situation have been shown to reduce bias toward a range of stigmatized groups,81 including Blacks,82,83 and to inhibit the activation of unconscious stereotypes and prejudices.84”
From Reducing Racial Bias Among Health Care Providers: Lessons from Social-Cognitive Psychology (2007) · cites this paper as [84]
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- Authors
- Galinsky, A. D., & Moskowitz, G. B.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2000
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 708-724
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W4230172633
- Cited by
- 1,725
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 67 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 105 · 2021: 128 · 2020: 129 · 2019: 111 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 94 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 76 · 2014: 84 · 2013: 72 · 2012: 73
- FWCI
- 32.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Keywords
- perspective taking, stereotypes, stereotype accessibility, in-group favoritism, intergroup relations, prejudice reduction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Group Processes, Humans, Male, Prejudice, Role Playing, Social Control, Informal, Psychological Distance, Stereotyping
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