Quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices
Abstract
Quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices represent an ideal platform for simulations of quantum many-body problems. Within this setting, quantum gas microscopes enable single atom observation and manipulation in large samples. Ultracold atom-based quantum simulators have already been used to probe quantum magnetism, to realize and detect topological quantum matter, and to study quantum systems with controlled long-range interactions. Experiments on many-body systems out of equilibrium have also provided results in regimes unavailable to the most advanced supercomputers. We review recent experimental progress in this field and comment on future directions.
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Atomic gases enjoy extraordinary cleanness and control at the microscopic level, permitting quantitative comparison with ab initio theoretical calculations.
“atomic gases enjoy an extraordinary level of cleanness and control at the microscopic level, which permits a quantitative comparison with ab initio theoretical calculations.”
From How to exploit driving and dissipation to stabilize and manipulate quantum many-body states (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
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Self-citationTowards analog quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories with trapped ions
Davoudi, Z., Hafezi, M., Monroe, C. R., Pagano, G., Seif, A., & Shaw, A. (2020) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023015 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Formation of robust bound states of interacting microwave photons
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Fermionic quantum processing with programmable neutral atom arrays
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ARC 3.0: An expanded Python toolbox for atomic physics calculations
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“The reproducible properties of a given atomic species allows for the creation of hundreds of identical atomic qubits [8, 9].”
BackgroundUltracold molecules for quantum simulation: rotational coherences in CaF and RbCs
Blackmore, J. A., Caldwell, L., Gregory, P. D., Bridge, E. M., Sawant, R., Aldegunde, J., Mur-Petit, J., Jaksch, D., Hutson, J. M., Sauer, B. E., et al. (2018) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/aaee35 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Unruh effect for interacting particles with ultracold atoms
Kosior, A., Lewenstein, M., & Celi, A. (2018) · SciPost Physics · doi:10.21468/scipostphys.5.6.061 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Noise-resilient edge modes on a chain of superconducting qubits
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Colloquium : Planckian dissipation in metals
Hartnoll, S. A., & Mackenzie, A. P. (2022) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.94.041002 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
“It would also be desirable to directly measure the equilibration time and length, possibly using ultrafast spectroscopy [199], or by characterizing the nature of fluctuations in the thermal state (taking inspiration, perhaps, from experiments on ultra-cold atomic systems [200] such as [201–205]), or from measurements…”
BackgroundDynamics of ultracold quantum gases in the dissipative Fermi–Hubbard model
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Mid-Circuit Cavity Measurement in a Neutral Atom Array
Deist, E., Lu, Y.-H., Ho, J., Pasha, M. K., Zeiher, J., Yan, Z., & Stamper-Kurn, D. M. (2022) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.129.203602 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“In atom-based systems such as atom-tweezer arrays [12, 13], lattice-trapped atoms [14, 15], and trapped ion chains [16], the many-atom state is often read out through optical fluorescence imaging.”
BackgroundBergschneider, A., Klinkhamer, V. M., Becher, J. H., Klemt, R., Palm, L., Zürn, G., Jochim, S., & Preiss, P. M. (2019) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-019-0508-6 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Repulsive Fermi and Bose Polarons in Quantum Gases
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“Quantum gas microscopes [141] could uniquely explore the competition between antiferromagnetic ordering, favored by the underlying lattice structure, and quantum emulsions of itinerant fermions.”
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“Is entanglement maximum at the critical point? What is the best entanglement witness for the state across the DPT? While all these questions are theoretically extremely challenging, recent experimental advances in synthesizing, manipulating and detecting quantum many-body systems are bringing quantum control into a ne…”
Magnetically mediated hole pairing in fermionic ladders of ultracold atoms
Hirthe, S., Chalopin, T., Bourgund, D., Bojović, P., Bohrdt, A., Demler, E., Grusdt, F., Bloch, I., & Hilker, T. A. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05437-y · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“A promising tool to explore strongly correlated quantum systems is analogue quantum simulation using ultracold atoms [16].”
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Collisionally stable gas of bosonic dipolar ground-state molecules
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“By fitting the increase of cloud radius due to ballistic expansion, the in-trap temperature can be extracted [4].”
BackgroundLight-mediated strong coupling between a mechanical oscillator and atomic spins 1 meter apart
Karg, T. M., Gouraud, B., Ngai, C.-T., Schmid, G.-L., Hammerer, K., & Treutlein, P. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb0328 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
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Few-body Bose gases in low dimensions—A laboratory for quantum dynamics
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Antiferromagnetic phase transition in a 3D fermionic Hubbard model
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“In the past two decades, the development of modern laser and atomic techniques has led to the experimental realization of the FHM with ultracold atoms in optical lattices 2,21 .”
InfluentialNon-Abelian chiral spin liquid in a quantum antiferromagnet revealed by an iPEPS study
Chen, J.-Y., Vanderstraeten, L., Capponi, S., & Poilblanc, D. (2018) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.98.184409 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“[66] Christian Gross and Immanuel Bloch, “Quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices,” Science 357, 995–1001 (2017).”
BackgroundProbing the Kitaev honeycomb model on a neutral-atom quantum computer
Evered, S. J., Kalinowski, M., Geim, A. A., Manovitz, T., Bluvstein, D., Li, S. H., Maskara, N., Zhou, H., Ebadi, S., Xu, M., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09475-0 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“Recently, analog quantum simulators [19] based on fermionic atoms in optical lattices have been advancing our understanding of the Fermi-Hubbard model [20–22].”
Quantum Simulation of the Universal Features of the Polyakov Loop.
Zhang, J., Unmuth-Yockey, J., Zeiher, J., Bazavov, A., Tsai, S.-W., & Meurice, Y. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.121.223201 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Quantum time reflection and refraction of ultracold atoms
Dong, Z., Li, H., Wan, T., Liang, Q., Yang, Z., & Yan, B. (2023) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-023-01290-1 · Cited by 79
“4a. Specifically, we have defined a distance-to-width ratio of η = || δn ||/√ σ 21 + σ 22 to describe this transition.”
Hamiltonian Tomography via Quantum Quench
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Isolated Heisenberg magnet as a quantum time crystal
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“In cold atom simulations this can be directly related to the strength of the external magnetic field used to achieve Feshbach resonance of the spin-spin interaction [19].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHalide perovskites enable polaritonic XY spin Hamiltonian at room temperature
Tao, R., Peng, K., Haeberlé, L., Li, Q.-W., Jin, D., Fleming, G., Kéna‐Cohen, S., Zhang, X., & Bao, W. (2022) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/s41563-022-01276-4 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Introduction to theoretical and experimental aspects of quantum optimal control
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“In this paper, we focus on a specific example for which we provide numerical solutions, namely the control of a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) in a one-dimensional optical lattice [128–130].”
Demonstration of three- and four-body interactions between trapped-ion spins
Katz, O., Feng, L., Risinger, A., Monroe, C. R., & Cetina, M. (2023) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-023-02102-7 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“The generation of entanglement relies on the native interactions between subsets of spins, which in most quantum platforms is pairwise 4–6 .”
BackgroundDark State Optical Lattice with a Subwavelength Spatial Structure
Wang, Y., Subhankar, S., Bienias, P., Lacki, M., Tsui, T., Baranov, M., Gorshkov, A., Zoller, P., Porto, J., & Rolston, S. (2017) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.120.083601 · Cited by 77
- Authors
- Gross, C., & Bloch, I.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Gross, Christian
- Bloch, Immanuel
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2017-09-08
- Volume
- 357
- Issue
- 6355
- Pages
- 995-1001
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2752346050
- Cited by
- 1,527
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 129 · 2025: 253 · 2024: 206 · 2023: 215 · 2022: 183 · 2021: 179 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 6.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Keywords
- quantum simulation, ultracold atoms, optical lattices, quantum gas microscope, quantum many-body systems, quantum magnetism, topological materials, long-range interactions
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